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1、Lesson41Doyoucallthatahat? rudeadj.无礼的（强调成心的）impoliteadj.不礼貌，表示没有注意到礼节性的问题，所以显得有些不礼貌（polite的反义词，以P开头的形容词的否认前缀为im）cheekyadj.无礼，没礼貌的（表示小孩对长辈）Dontbecheeky!不得无礼！ mirrorn.镜子lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子lookupsth.inthedictionary查字典mirrotof.的写照，的真实反映Hisnovelisamirrorofhistime.他的小说就是他那个时代的真实写照 holen.孔holein+地
2、点（地方）有个洞 remarkv.评说remark主要指说，当say来理解 remindv.提醒vt.提醒remindsb.ofsth./remindsb.todosth./remindsb.that.提醒某人做某事Heremindedhiswifethattheyneededtobuysomecoffeeandsugar.vt.使想起Thesmellofcabbageremindsmeofschool.卷心菜的气味使我想起了学校。Sheremindsmeofhersister.remindern.提醒物,纪念品【课文讲解】1、Doyoucallthatahat?Doy。UCalIthat+（
3、冠词）+名词”这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义：你把那个叫房子/狗吗？Doyoucallthatahouse/adog?2、Youneedntbesorudeaboutit.berudeaboutsth.对事很粗鲁berudetosb.对人很粗鲁Dontberudetome.别对我这么粗鲁3、Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.onthechair在椅子上withholesinit作定语Janeputapieceofpaperwithhernameandaddressonitintoabottle.4、Wehadbeeni
4、nthehatshopforhalfanhourandmywifewasstillinfrontofthemirror.名词修饰名词，一般用单数：bookstore书店，drugstore药店5、Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.regretdoingsth./名词/that从句懊悔已经做了某事，表示对做过的事感到遗憾Didheregrethismistake?Inowregretleavingmycountry/thatIhaveleftmycountry.regrettodosth.表示对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾，比besorrytodoSth.要正式
5、：Weregrettotellyouthatyouarenotwelcome.我很遗憾地告诉您，您不受欢送。6、,Youneednthavesaidthat/mywifeanswered,lneedntremindyouofthatterribletieyouboughtyesterday.,neednthavedone原本不必做，但是做了，强调过去的动作不必做Youneedn,thaveboughtit.你原本不必买的Youneedn,thavecome.你原本不必来的。needntdo现在的动作也不必做Youneedn,tcome.你不必来。remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人想起某事7
6、、,lfinditbeautiful/Isaid.动词find经常用于动词+宾语+宾语补足语这种结构：YouzIIfinditdifficult/easytomakeconversationwithher.Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.8、Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.cannever.too.-cannot.too.无论也不为过Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.再多的领带对一个男人来说也不为过（男人有多少领带也不会嫌多）。Icanneverthankyoutoomuch.感谢不尽。Drinkingwatercanne
7、verbetooclean.饮用水越干净越好。Awifecannevercomplaintoomuch.妻子怎么罗嗦也不为过。Youcan,tbetoocarefulindoingyourwork.你工作越小心越好。KeystructuresMust,Have（got）toandNeed情态动词must（必须，不得不）的否认式mustn，（不能、不准），must还可用于表示推测: 对现在和将来的推测：must+动词用原形 对正在发生的事情的推测：mustbedoing 对过去的推测：musthavedone 对过去正在发生的事情的推测：musthavebeendoing用must的一般疑问句可
8、以用must/haveto或needn,t来答复，而不用mustnt:MustIsetoffnow?Yes,youmust/haveto.Noryouneednzt.mustn表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来，根本没选择余地：Youmustntusethatbicycle.It,sbroken.“不必要可用needn,t,donthavet。来表示：needn,t=donthavetoneedn,thavedone=didnthavetoYouneedn,t/donthavetoworksuchlonghours.英语中的need有两种词性，一个是普通动词（需要），一种是情态动词。need的否认形式
9、对应也有两种：needrt不必（情态动词need的否认）；dontneed不需要（普通动词need的否认）。need1.?（情态）/doIneed.?实义动词在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词，就在后面加SdoNeedIgoout?=DoIneedtogoout?我需要出去吗？Youneedn,thavetoldmethat.Iknowitis.情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语，实义动词后面可以直接加名词，故need后面如是名词，那么这个need为实义动词例：He_c_followme.adoesntneedbneednttocdidntneedtodneeds情态动词need后接动词原形，但只用
10、于否认和疑问句，肯定句用must,haveto,oughtto或shouldoneed用于疑问句时，问者往往希望得到否认的答复：Needyouleavesosoon?你有必要这么早就走吗？用need的一般疑问句的肯定形式的答复可以用must/hadto,否认形式的答复可以用needn,t:NeedItypethisletteragain?Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.Needyouhavetoldhimaboutmyplans?Yes,Ihadto./No,Ineedn,thave.表示必要时，must的语气比need要强：Imustgotothedentistthism
11、oring.这种句型可用来表示说话人让对方选择或允许对方可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为needn,thave,didnthaveto和didntneedto：Ineednthavegonetotheofficeyesterday.Ididnthaveto/didntneedtogototheofficeyesterday.needdoingsth.需要被做（用主动表达被动含义）这里need属于实义动词，动词ing相当于名词来理解有时态和人称变化,否认式为:dontneeddoingneeddoing表达被动含义，:Yourshoesneedwashing.你的鞋子需(被)洗了
12、另外Wantdoing也是用主动表示被动含义，它们的主语一定是物，不是人Yourhairneedscuting.needtobedone主语是人,也可以是物Thechildneedtobe.比照mustnt和needn,t:Youmusn,treaditbed.Ifsbadforyoureyes.(bebadfor.对有害)Smokingisbadforyourhealth.抽烟有害你的健康Youmustntmakeanoise.Thechildrenareasleep.你不应吵闹，孩子们都睡了.Youneedn,tdrivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.你不必开得
13、那么快，我们有足够的时间.=Youdon,thaveto(haventgotto)drivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.Youmustntsmokeinatheatre.Itisforbidden.你不应该在剧场里抽烟，这是不允许的Youneedn,tcomewithusifyoudontwantto.如果你不想去，你不必和我们一道去.=Youdonthaveto(haventgotto)comewithusifyoudontwantto.SpecialDifficultiesRemark,ObserveandNoticeremark与ObSerVe都可以表示说，
14、评论说，它们比Say要正式：Yourelookingverywell!,Sheremarked/observed.notice和ObSerVe都可以表示注意到，发觉到，但有一定区别。notice指无意中发觉到;ObSerVe那么可以指有意观察、仔细地看，比notice更正式：Heobservedmecarefully.(Helookedatme.)他仔细地看着我.Didyounoticehowshewasdressed?你注意到她的穿戴JZ吗？l,venoticed/observedthathetelephonesheroftenerthanbefore.我发现/注意到他现在给她打比以前次数多
15、了。Ididntnoticehisleaving.makeruderemark/callonesname/sayFwords（F指fuck）讲粗话，骂人Hemadealotofruderemarksaboutthehatshewaswearing.failtodosth.没有能够notfailto表示强烈地肯定Ihadchangedthefurnitureroundthatyoucannotfailtonotictit.我已经把周围的家具都换了。Multiplechoicequestions3Doyouhavetobuythishat?No,Ic.Itisntnecessary.a.mustn
16、tb.wontc.needntd.dontneedDoyouhaveto.?Yes,Ido./NorIdont./NoJdonthavetodosth.mustnt不准donthaveto不必=needn,tmust-haveto必须英文中要么助动词之后所有的东西都省略，要么省到不定式标志,“dortneedto”也对Wouldyouliketodosth?Yes,Idliketo./NoJdont/NoJdontneedto.（to不能省略）Doyouwanttogotoschool?YesJdo./YesJwantto.Wouldyouliketoseethemenu?Yesrdliket
17、o.（后接动词）Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Yes,lrdlike.（后接名词）Doyouneedthehat?NorIdon,tneed.1不能为“Ineednztw,情态动词不能直接接名词hat)1.esson42Notverymusical marketn.市场，集市n.市场，集市WehadalongwalkthroughoneofthemarketsofOldDelhi.（Delhi德里，印度城市）我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很长一段路。n.（商品的）市场，销路，需求（可数名词）marketfor.市场Theforeignmarketsforapplethisye
18、ararenotasgoodaslastyear.Canyoufindamarketfortheseshoes?你能给这些鞋找到销路吗？ pipen.（吹奏的）管乐器PiPe两头通的东西，如下水管道，老爸的烟斗,或一节两头通的竹子都可以叫PiPe glimpsen.一瞥haveaglimpseof瞥了一眼，映入眼帘（犹如汉语中的惊鸿一瞥）（无意识的看）glanceat扫了一眼（有意识） movementn.动作movev.移动（movement的动词）actionv.采取行动 continuev.继续begin/start/continuetodosth.begin/start/continu
19、edoingsth.Icontinue（togo）goingon.continue+sth.1.etscontinueourtrip./Letscontinueourjourney. dancev.跳舞dancetothemusic随着音乐跳舞（固定搭配，用to） obviouslyadv.显然ObviousIy=ClearIyObviouslyyouarewrong.ObviouslyIloveyou. differencen.差异tellthedifferencebetweenAandB区别差异Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenthem?differentadj.
20、不同的bedifferentfrom与不同(Iesson4)AisdifferentfromBdiffervi.不一致，不同【课文讲解】1、AswehadhadalongwalkthroughoneofthemarketsofoldDelhi,westoppedatasquaretohavearest.stoptodosth.停下其他活动去做不定式表示的动作Onthewaytothestation,Istoppedtobuyapaper.stopdoingsth.停止做某事l,vestoppedbuyingnewspapers,我已不再买报纸了。Howcanwestophimcomplaini
21、ng?我们如何才能让他不抱怨呢？2、Whenhebegantoplayatune,wehadourfirstglimpseofthesnake.playatune(tune可数名词)；playmusic(music不可数名词)have/get/catcha(first)glimpseof.一瞥，一看ThisafternoonIcaught/got/hadaglimpseofDebbieandDanwalkingtogetherinthepark.takeaglimpseat瞥见eg.Hetookaglimpseatthe/NoParkingsignsoutsideJaspersgateandp
22、arkedhiscarthere.atthefirstsight一见钟情eg.Iloveyouatthefirstsightofyou.3、Itroseoutofthebasketandbegantofollowthemovementsofthepipe.rise(rose,risen)vi.升raise(raised,raised)vt.提高Youraisemeup.4Wewereverymuchsurprisedwhenthesnakecharmersuddenlybegantoplayjazzandmodernpopsongs.很少用VerymUCh放在一起修饰SUrPrise,一般用V
23、erySUrPriSed或mostsurprised5、ItobviouslycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenIndianmusicandjazz!tell表示“区分、分辨、识别时常与can,couldbeableto连用。表达这些意义时，tell可以单独使用，也可以与from构成词组：Mysoncanalreadytellthedifferencebetweenbeerandwine.=Mysoncanalreadytellbeerfromwine.我儿子已经能分辨出啤酒和葡萄酒了。表不两者之间的“差异、差异时常用differencebetween：There
24、salotofdifferencebetweenEnglishmenandFrenchmen.Whatsthedifferencebetweenthem?有些情况下也可以不跟between：Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryoubelievemeornot.你信不信我都无所谓。【Keystructureshave+名词”代替普通动词“have+名词”代替普通动词表示完成该动作“：haveabath=bathe;haveaswim=swim;haveawalk=walk;haveaIook=Iook;havearest=rest;haveasmell=smell等，类似的动词
25、有dance,fight,ride,talk,sleep,wash：IhadtwodanceswithLucy.JimandIhavejusthadalongtalk.一个动词的后面会加介词（如果这个动词是不及物动词），动词能加什么样的介词，名词也可以加什么样的介词：lookat-havealookat;walkacross-haveawalkacrosssucceedindoingsth.-besuccessfulin-successinSpecialdifficultiesPiCk的用法pickup拿起、捡起；意外地找到；（偶然地）学会；开车去接Hepickedupalongpipewhi
26、chwascoveredwithcoins.（拿起）Thebicyclewaspickedupinasmallvillage.（意外找到）picksb.up（顺路）接某人（meetsb.+地点专程接）llpickyouupinthecarthisevening.今晚我开车来接你.pickupalotofEnglish=IearnalotofEnglishIpickedupalotofEnglishwhileIwasinEngland.（Ilearnt.）在英国的时候，我学到了不少英语.pickuptheradioprogram=theprogramontheradio在播送上收听节目picko
27、ut挑出，选出，辩认出Therearesomanybeautifulcardsondisplay,IcantpickouttheonesIlikebest.（Icantchoose.）陈列着那么多漂亮的明信片，我挑不出最喜欢的.WhenIwenttothebookshopyesterday,IpickedouttwoofthebookswhichIneededmost.1.ookatthesephotosandseeifyoucanpickoutmymother.Thethiefwaspickedoutbyseveralpeople.【语法精粹】1 .JuliewenttotheCtobuya
28、pairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoesstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes,store表示类别的商店，用单数名词修饰2 .AsasafetyprecautionfallcitycabdriverscarryonlyenoughmoneytomakechangeforaA_bill.A.ten-dollarB.ten-dollarsC.tens-dollarD.ten-dollarscabdrivers（美语）=taxidrivers（英式）bill纸币有连字符连接的单词没有复数,连字符单词做定语,不会加3 .Recently,hehaslostallhis_D
29、_atcards.A.wageandsavingB.wagesandsavingC.wageandsavingsD.wagesandsavingswage薪水（可数）；SaVing积蓄（可数）4.lwantC_.A.adollarworthcandyB.candyadollarsworthC.adollarsworthofcandyD.adollarworthscandyadollarsworthof.价值钱的东西5.Thesurroundingsachildgrowsupinusually_A_aneffectonhisdevelopment.A.haveB.hadC.doD.hashave
30、 an effect on.对有效果growup成长in连接作用thesurroundings做主语（surroundingsn.环境），achildgrowsup定语从句修饰“theSurroundingsw孩子成长的环境常常对他的开展有影响.用一般现在时1.esson43OvertheSouthPole polen.（地球的）极theSouthPole南极；theNorthPole北极PoleStar北极星 flightn.t行flyv.飞 explorern.探险家，探测者，探测器计WindOWS资源管理器explorev.探险，探测，探究explorationn.（科研相关）探险,探求
31、,开发adventuren.冒险（追求刺激）venturen.冒险（为了财富,没有生命保障） lieV.处于vi.（laylei,lainlein）处于,位于（+地点）Themountainsliebelowusnow.ThetownliestotheeastofLondon.VL（Iaylei,IainUeMD躺，（平）卧lie现在分词lyingstayinbed=lieinbed躺在床上WhileIsatbythefirermydoglaybesideme.vt.(lied,lied)撒谎tellalie撒谎Youlied.=Youliedtome.你骗人！你撒谎！YouJiar!你,骗子
32、!(liarn.(惯于)说谎者)n.谎话lay(IaidJaid)vt.放,放置laysth.vt.下蛋，产卵layanegg下一个蛋hang(hung,hung)挂,悬挂hanghanged,hanged)绞刑 pointn.地点point点，一般指从飞机上向下看的点地点placespotsina中的读为dot(点)读为at seemv.似乎，看起来seem+asif看起来似乎HeseemsasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.seem+adj.eg.Heseemsrich.seemtobeeg.Heseemstoberich.seemthat.看起来彳以乎e
33、g.ltseemsthatheisrich. crashv.坠毁(从上向下掉)；n,冲突，撞击声，抵触aircrash空难，carcrash车祸strikev.撞击collidevi.碰撞，抵触（两个都运动的东西相撞）Ikalaid clearv.越过clearv.（凌空、不接触地）越过，跳过，没有接触面的飞跃clearthemountain飞跃山峰Thehorseclearedthefense.fensen.篱笆,栅栏,墙v.围住,防护）overadv.越过（距阿）goover飞跃 plainn.平原plaingirl平凡的女孩maplaingirl.mountainsn.高山【课文讲解】1
34、、In1929,threeyearsafterhisflightovertheNorthPolertheAmericanexplorer,R.E.ByrdrsuccessfullyflewovertheSouthPoleforthefirsttime.forthefirsttime第一次time表示次，回，还可以说thistime,lasttimenexttime,anothertime,eachtime,forthelasttime等）Iremindyouforthelasttimethatifyoudonthurry,youllmissthetrain.Givehimthesephotos
35、nexttimeyouseehim.2、Though,atfirst,Byrdandhismenwereabletotakeagreatmanyphotographsofthemountainsthatlaybelow,theysoonranintoserioustrouble.连词th。Ugh引导让步状语从句，其含义是虽然，尽管Although/Though/EventhoughIfeltsorryforhimrlwassecretlypleasedthathewashavingdifficulties.虽然我为他感到惋惜，但对他的困难我却暗自快乐。takeaphotographof.拍的照
36、片Hetookaphotographofhishousebeforehelefthome.runintotrouble=getintotrouble遇到麻烦，陷入困境Eachtimeheranintotrouble,heaskedhisparentsforhelp.3、Atonepoint,itseemedcertainthattheirplanewouldcrash.at one point在某一地方，在某一时刻（point也指时间上的某一点）Atonepoint,hemadeuphismindtobecomeapainter.他曾一度下决心要当个画家。it为先行主语，真正的主语为that引
37、导的从句。it作先行主语时经常与Seem,appear,look等连用：Itnowlookscertainthatthemeetingisgoingtobeputoff.现在似乎可以肯定会议将被推迟。4、Itcouldonlygetoverthemountainsifitroseto10r000feet.riseto.上升至5、Theplanewasthenabletoriseanditclearedthemountainsby400feet.by表示相差，以之差的意思Imissedthetrainbytenminutes.我晚了10分钟，没赶上火车。Heisyoungerthanmebytw
38、oyears,他比我小两岁。【KeystructuresCanandBeableto情态助动词can/could用于表示请求别人允许或答复时的情况：Can/CouldIborrowyoupen?Can有时可以表示可能性：Icanhavelunchwithyourtomorrowifyoulike.在表示天生的或学到的能力时，can/could可用于现在时和过去时，can/could与beableto通常可以互换，表示将来的“能力时，那么用WiIIbeablet。：IcoulddriveacarbythetimeIwassixteen.ItriedagainandfoundIcould/wasa
39、bletoswim.CanJaneswimyet?Norbutshellbeabletoswiminafewmonthstime.在谈到说话时正在发生的事时，一般不用beablet。：1.ook!Icanstandonmyhead.在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用COUld,而用beableto；如果表示某一动作没有取得成功，那么可用8uldnkIfspityhecouldntvisitMary.Oh,didntyouknow?Hewasabletovisitherafterall.HewasabletoleaveEuropebeforethewarbegan.他在战争开始之前得以离开
40、欧洲。HewasabletogotoLondonyesterdayandheenjoyedhimselfverymuch.在问及过去某一具体活动时可用could,但答复是肯定的时候那么不能：Couldheborrowacar?Yes,hewasabletoborrowacarafterall./No,hecouldnt.SpecialDifficulties含有介词at的词组at与许多词可以构成固定词组，其中表示时间的有：atfirst1开始时，最初），atonce（马上，立刻），atpresent（目前，现在），atlast（最后，终于），attimes（有时），atthemoment（现在
41、）；表示地点的有：athome（在家），atschool（在学校）；表示程度的有：atleast（至少），atanyrate（不管怎样其它词组有atheart（内心里，实际上），ataloss（困惑不解，不知怎么办）等。Atanyrate,Kmdeterminedtostayhereatpresent.Atleast,Kmnotmadyet.Peoplehavemoremoneynowryetthetemptationtotostealisgreaterthaneverbefore.Why?Imataloss.Thoughhetriedtomadeconversationwiththelady
42、,hewasntinterestedinheratheart.1.esson44Throughtheforest riskn.危险，冒险n.危险，风险Istheremuchriskoflosingmoneyindoingfootballpols?Johntook/rantheriskofdamaginghisbusanddroveitintothebackofthethieves,car.约翰冒着撞坏他开的那辆公共汽车的危险把它撞在了小偷们的车的后尾上。Johnsavedmeattheriskofhisownlife.约翰冒着生命危险救了我。vt.冒危险，使遭受危险We,dbettertake
43、ataxi.Wecantriskmissingtheplane.Johnriskedhisownlifetosaveme. breathn.呼吸outofbreath上气不接下气wasteone,sbreath白费口舌inonebreath片亥J,转眼间Hefinishedwaterinonebreath.他一口气把水喝完了.holdonesbreath屏住呼吸badbreath口臭Youhaveabadbreath.你有口臭. contentsn.（常用复数）内有的物品（具体的东西）contentsofthebag包里的书Morecontents!（口语）在吃饭时要求再加些饭菜时可以这样说.
44、contentn.内容（抽象）contentofthetext文章的内容U【课文讲解】1、Mrs.AnneSterlingdidnotthinkoftheriskshewastakingwhensheranthroughaforestaftertwomen.thinkof.考虑，思考HaveyoueverthoughtofSettleingdowninthistown?takearisk（ofdoing）冒风险runafter追赶；追随；追求Thepolicearerunningafterathief.runbehind在某人后面跑Iranbehindhim.runto跑向2、Theyhadr
45、usheduptoherwhileshewashavingapicnicattheedgeofaforestwithherchildrenandtriedtostealherhandbag.rushuptosb.迎面冲向某人叩向上，面对面，与说话人相反方向；down方向相同，与说话人相同方向godown接着往前走,不用回头UPt。可以表示地点、时间等“一直到Thechildranuptohismotherwhenhesawher.Heworkeduptonineoclockintheevening.haveapicnic野餐attheedgeof在的边上eg.Theparkliesattheedgeofthetown.3、Inthestruggle,thestrapbrokeand,withthebagintheirpossession,bothmenstartedrunningthroughthetrees.inonespossession=inthepossessionofsb.为某人所拥有Iwentoutofthebookshopwithbookinmypossesion.Thehouseusedtobeinmypossession,butnowitisinthepossessionofanoldlady.4、Shewassoonoutofbreathrbuts
