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1、美国名人飞机发明人莱特兄弟威尔伯莱特奥维尔莱特TheWrightBrothers,Wilbur1867-1912andOrville1871-1948:TheyShowedtheWorldHowtoFIyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:40repeatByMarilynRiceChristiano2007-9-15ANNOUNCER:WelcometoPeopleinAmericafromVOASpecialEnglish.Today,SarahLongandRichKleinfeldttellthestoryofWilburandOrvilleWright.The
2、WrightBrothersmadeasmallengine-poweredflyingmachineandprovedthatitwaspossibleforhumanstoreallyfly.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WilburWrightwasbornineighteensixty-sevennearMelvillezIndiana.HisbrotherOrvillewasbornfouryearslaterinDaytonzOhio.Throughouttheirlives,theywerebestfriends.AsWilburoncesaid:Fromthetimewewe
3、relittlechildren,OrvilleandIlivedtogether,playedtogether,workedtogetherandthoughttogether.WilburandOrvillesfatherwasabishop,anofficialoftheUnitedBrethrenChurch.Hetraveledalotonchurchbusiness.Theirmotherwasunusualforawomanofthenineteenthcentury.Shehadcompletedcollege.Shewasespeciallygoodatmathematics
4、andscience.Andshewasgoodatusingtoolstofixthingsormakethings.VOICETWO:OnewinterdaywhentheWrightbrotherswereyoung,alltheirfriendswereoutsideslidingdownahillonwoodensleds.TheWrightbrothersweresad,becausetheydidnothaveasled.SozMissusWrightsaidshewouldmakeoneforthem.Shedrewapictureofasled.Itdidnotlooklik
5、eothersleds.Itwaslowertothegroundandnotaswide.Shetoldtheboysitwouldbefaster;becausetherewouldbelessresistancefromthewindwhentheyrodeonit.MissusWrightwascorrect.Whenthesledwasfinished,itwasthefastestonearound.WilburandOrvillefeltliketheywereflying.ThesledprojecttaughttheWrightbrotherstwoimportantrule
6、s.Theylearnedtheycouldincreasespeedbyreducingwindresistance.Andtheylearnedtheimportanceofdrawingadesign.MissusWrightsaid:Ifyoudrawitcorrectlyonpaper,itwillberightwhenyoubuildit.VOICEONE:WhenWilburwaselevenyearsoldandOrvilleseven,BishopWrightbroughthomeagiftforthem.Itwasasmallflyingmachinethatflewlik
7、ehelicoptersoftoday.Itwasmadeofpaper,bambooandcork.Themotorwasarubberbandthathadtobeturnedmanytimesuntilitwastight.Whenthepersonholdingthetoyhelicopterletgo,itrosestraightup.Itstayedintheairforafewseconds.Thenitfloateddowntothefloor.WilburandOrvilleplayedandplayedwiththeirnewtoy.Finally,thepapertore
8、andtherubberbandbroke.Theymadeanotherone.Butitwastooheavytofly.Theirfirstflyingmachinefailed.VOICETWO:Theirattemptstomakethetoygavethemanewidea.Theywouldmakekitestoflyandselltotheirfriends.Theymademanydesignsandtestedthem.Finally,theyhadtherightdesign.Thekitesflewasthoughtheyhadwings.TheWrightbrothe
9、rscontinuedtoexperimentwithmechanicalthings.Orvillestartedaprintingbusinesswhenhewasinhighschool.Heusedasmallprintingmachinetopublishanewspaper.Hesoldcopiesofthenewspapertotheotherchildreninschool,buthedidnotearnmuchmoneyfromtheproject.VOICEONE:Wilburofferedsomeadvicetohisyoungerbrother.Maketheprint
10、ingpressbiggerandpublishabiggernewspaper;hesaid.So,together,theydesignedandbuiltone.Themachinelookedstrange.Yetitworkedperfectly.Soon,OrvilleandWilburwerepublishingaweeklynewspaper.Theyalsoprintedmaterialsforlocalbusinessmen.Theywerefinallyearningmoney.Wilburwastwenty-fiveyearsoldandOrvilletwenty-on
11、ewhentheybegantosellandrepairbicycles.Thentheybegantomakethem.ButtheWrightbrothersneverstoppedthinkingaboutflyingmachines.VOICETWO:Ineighteenninety-nine,Wilburdecidedtolearnaboutallthedifferentkindsofflyingmachinesthathadbeendesignedandtestedthroughtheyears.WilburwrotetotheSmithsonianInstitutioninWa
12、shington.Heaskedforalltheinformationithadonflying.TheWrightbrothersreadeverythingtheycouldaboutpeoplewhosailedthroughtheairunderhugeballoons.Theyalsoreadaboutpeoplewhotriedtoflyongliders-planeswithwings,butnomotors.VOICEONE:ThentheWrightbrothersbegantodesigntheirownflyingmachine.Theyusedtheideasthey
13、haddevelopedfromtheirearlierexperimentswiththetoyhelicopter,kites,printingmachineandbicycles.Soon,theyneededaplacetotesttheirideasaboutflight.TheywrotetotheWeatherBureauinWashingtontofindtheplacewiththebestwindconditions.ThebestplaceseemedtobeathinpieceofsandylandinNorthCarolinaalongthecoastoftheAtl
14、anticOcean.ItwascalledKillDevilHill,nearthetownofKittyHawk.Ithadtherightwindandopenspace.Bestofall,itwasprivate.VOICETWO:Innineteenhundred,theWrightbrotherstestedagliderthatcouldcarryaperson.Butneitherthefirstorsecondglidertheybuilthadtheliftingpowerneededforrealflight.WilburandOrvilledecidedthatwha
15、ttheyhadreadaboutairpressureoncurvedsurfaceswaswrong.SotheybuiltawindtunneltwometerslongintheirbicyclestoreinDayton,Ohio.Theytestedmorethantwohundreddesignsofwings.Thesetestsgavethemthecorrectinformationaboutairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Nowitwaspossibleforthemtodesignamachinethatcouldfly.VOICEONE:The
16、Wrightbrothersbuiltathirdglider.TheytookittoKittyHawkinthesummerofnineteen-oh-two.Theymadealmostonethousandflightswiththeglider.Somecoveredmorethanonehundredeightymeters.Thisgliderprovedthattheyhadsolvedmostoftheproblemsofbalanceinflight.Bytheautumnofnineteen-oh-three,WilburandOrvillehaddesignedandb
17、uiltanairplanepoweredbyagasolineengine.Theplanehadwingstwelvemetersacross.Itweighedaboutthreehundredfortykilograms,includingthepilot.VOICETWO:TheWrightbrothersreturnedtoKittyHawk.OnDecemberseventeen,nineteen-oh-threeztheymadetheworldsfirstflightinamachinethatwasheavierthanairandpoweredbyanengine.Orv
18、illeflewtheplanethirty-sevenmeters.Hewasintheairfortwelveseconds.Thetwobrothersmadethreemoreflightsthatday.ThelongestwasmadebyWilbur.Heflewtwohundredsixtymetersinfifty-nineseconds.FourothermenwatchedtheWrightbrothersfirstflights.Oneofthementookpictures.Fewnewspapers,however,notedtheevent.VOICEONE:Wi
19、lburandOrvillereturnedhometoOhio.Theybuiltmorepowerfulenginesandflewbetterairplanes.Buttheirsuccesswasalmostunknown.Mostpeoplestilldidnotbelieveflyingwaspossible.ItwasalmostfiveyearsbeforetheWrightbrothersbecamefamous.Innineteen-oh-eight,WilburwenttoFrance.Hegavedemonstrationflightsatheightsofninety
20、meters.AFrenchcompanyagreedtobeginmakingtheWrightbrothersflyingmachine.VOICETWO:OrvillemadesuccessfulflightsintheUnitedStatesatthetimeWilburwasinFrance.Onelastedanhour.Orvillealsomadefifty-sevencompletecirclesoverafieldatFortMyecVirginia.TheUnitedStatesWarDepartmentagreedtobuyaWrightbrothersplane.Wi
21、lburandOrvillesuddenlybecameworldheroes.Newspaperswrotelongstoriesaboutthem.Crowdsfollowedthem.Buttheywerenotseekingfame.TheyreturnedtoDaytonwheretheycontinuedtoimprovetheirairplanes.Theytaughtmanyothershowtofly.VOICEONE:WilburWrightdiedoftyphoidfeverinnineteentwelve.OrvilleWrightcontinueddesigninga
22、ndinventinguntilhediedmanyyearslater,innineteenforty-eight.Today,theWrightbrothersfirstairplaneisintheAirandSpaceMuseuminWashington,D.C.VisitorstothemuseumlookattheWrightbrotherssmallplanewithitsclothwings,woodencontrolsandtinyengine.Thentheyseespacevehiclesandarockcollectedfromthemoon.Thisisstrikin
23、gevidenceofthechangesintheworldsinceWilburandOrvilleWrightbeganthemodernageofflight,onehundredyearsago.(MUSIC)ANNOUNCER:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyMarilynRiceChristianoandproducedbyPaulThompson.YourannouncerswereSarahLongandRichKleinfeldt.mFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericafromVOASpecialEnglish.
