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1、北京邮电大学人文学院外国语言文学学科学位论文参考文献格式要求一、参考模板一(外国语言学与应用语言学、对比语言学与跨文化研究、语言智能与教育技术方向)ReferencesAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,(n.d.),Internetaddiction.InAPAdictionaryofpsychology.RetrievedApril24,2022,fromhliDsJ/diciionaryaDa.org/iniemet-addiciionAllan,K.(2007).TheWesternClassicalTraditioninLinguistics.Equin
2、oxPublishingLtd.Arp.R.&Johnson,G(2002).PeninesStoryandStructure.ThomsonHeinle.Berlin,N.(1998).TheLatePlays.InM.Manheim(Ed.)TheCambridgeCompaniontoEugeneO,Neill(pp.82-95).CambridgeUniversityPress.Edwards,A.A.,Steacy,L.M.,Siegelman,N.,Rigobon,V.M.,Kearns,D.M.,Rueckl,J.G,&Compton.D.L.(2022).Unpackingth
3、euniquerelationshipbetweensetforvariabilityandwordreadingdevelopment:Examiningword-andchild-levelpredictorsofperformance.JournalofEclucatioruilPsychology,114(6),1242-1256.hims:doi.org/10.1037edu0000696Formigari,L.(2004).AHistoryofLanguagePhilosophies.JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.HorValh-PIyman,M.(2018)
4、.Socialmediaandthecollegestudentjourney:Anexaminationofhowsocialmediauseimpactssocialcapitalandaffectscollegechoice,access,andtransition(PublicationNo.10937367),Doctoraldissertation.NewYorkUniversity.ProQuesiDissertationsandThesesGlobal.Huang,Y.-Y.(2004).Ontheprincipleandproblemsofpublicity-oriented
5、translation.ChineseTranslatorsJournal(6):27-28.2004.坚持外宣三贴近”原则，处理好外宣翻译中的难点问题J.中国翻译，(06)：27-28.)Qin,H.-W,Kong,L.(2019).CorporaandContrastiveLinguistics.ForeignLanguageandResearchPress.傣洪武，孔蕾，2019.语料库与双语对比研究M.北京：外语教学与研究出版社.)Thomson,J.(2022,September8).Massive,strangewhitestructuresappearonUtahsGreatSa
6、ltLake.Newsweek.https:WWWmysteri()us-mounds-great-salt-lake-utah-explainedmirabilite-1741151WorldHealthOrganization.(2014).Comprehensiveimplementationplanonmaternal,infantandyoungchildnutrition.hltps:apps.who.intirisbitstreamhandle10665/113048/WHoNMHNHD14.leng.pdf?Ua=I注：I.以上参考文献按照APA第七版格式编制，适合于语言学、语
7、言学习、翻译实证研究等选题方向。2 .APA格式在部分内容上会动态更新、调整或补充，本文件提供的参考格式如与最新版本Aa格式不一致，或有其他未尽事宜，请以最新版Aa格式为准。3 .每条参考书目要顶格，如果多于一行，从第二行起，要空四个字母的空格。4 .所有书目按作者姓的首字母顺序排列。文中引用时，如果超过个作者的引用，括号中需要按照作者姓氏的首字母顺序排列，不能按照年份排列。5 .APA要求双倍行距。二、参考模板二(外国文学方向)WorksCitedBao,Guoqiang,TaixuChen,andChenHUang.MediaEmpowermentandExpansionofMetaver
8、seinthePerspectiveofAvailability.NewMediaandSociety,no.1,2022,pp.4362.(包国强,陈泰旭潢诚,2022.可供性视角下元宇宙的媒体赋能和扩展UL新媒体与社会,(01):43-62.)Baudrillard,Jean.SimulacraandSimulation.UniversityofMichiganPress,1981.Bishop.KarenLynn.DocumentingInstitutionalIdentity:StrategicWritingintheIUPUIComprehensiveCampaign.2002.Pu
9、rdueUniversity,PhDdissertation.Bojic,Ljubisa.MetaverseThroughthePrismofPowerandAddiction:WhatWillHappenWhentheVirtualWorldBecomesMoreAttractivethanRcality7,EuropeanJournalofFuturesResearch,vol.10,no.1,2022,pp.1-24.hllDS：doi.orW10.U86/s40309-022-00208-4Botz-Bomstcin,Thorstcn.tiWhatWouldNictzschcHaveS
10、aidAboutVirtualReality?DionysusandCyberpunk/Continuum:JournalofMedia&CulturalStudies,vol.25,no.l,2011,pp.99-109.htms:/doi.orW10.1080/10304312.20U.533749Chen,Rong.i4ThcVisionsofUrbanSpaceintheCybcrpunkFictions.,NankaiJournal(Philosophy,LiteratureandSocialScienceEdition),vol.269,no.3,2019,pp.47-55.(陈榕
11、,2019.赛博朋克小说中的都市空间想象J.南开学报(哲学社会科学版),No.269(03):47-55.)-.TheSublimeAestheticsinCyberpunkFiction.ForeignLiterature,vol.294,no.1,2022,pp.159-171.(陈榕,2002.赛博朋克小说的崇高美学J外国文学NO.294(01):159-171.)Chen,Yongguo.44DistanccofText:LiteratureintheDevelopmentOfDigitaIHumanities.DongjiangJournal,vol.38,no.3,2021,pp.
12、I-8+127.(陈永国.文本的距离：数字人文发展中的文学J.东疆学刊,2021,38(03):1-8+127.)Dolata,Mateusz,andGerhardSchwabe.tWhatistheMetaverseandWhoSeekstoDefineit?MappingtheSiteofSocialConstruction.JounialofInfonnationTechnology,2023,pp.1-62.hUDS,doi.org10.1177/02683962231159927Peterson,NancyJ.,editor.ToniMorrison:CriticalandTheor
13、eticalApproaches.JohnsHopkinsUP,1997.Revkin,AndrewC.ttClintononClimateChange?TheNewYorkTimes,17May2007,注：L以上参考文献按照MLA格式编制，适合于文学、翻译等选题方向。2. MLA格式在部分内容上会动态更新、调整或补充，本文件提供的参考格式如与最新版本MLA格式不一致.或有其他未尽事宜，诗以最新版MLA格式为准。3. 每条参考书目耍顶格，如果多于一行，从第二行起，悬拄锁紧两个字符。4. WorksCited与下文双倍行距，workscited文内双倍行距。附：参考文献格式要求Referenc
14、esWorksCited2第一部分P格式指南71. 缩写(Abbreviation)72. 文内引用格式(In-TextCitations)7(1) 直接弓I述(Directcitation)7(2) 转述(Citationfromasecondarysource)10(3) 从论文集中引述(CitaIiOnfrOmalheSiSCOHeCtion)10(4) 引述中国学者文献(CilaIionfromAChinCSeliICratUrC)11(5) 其他(OtherS)Il3. 参考文献(References)13(1)专著的基本格式13(2)学术期刊的文章14(3)论文集15(4)学术会议
15、上宣读的论文16(5)未出版的学位论文16(6)词典、辞典或百科全书中的条目，附机构作者16(7)参考书目的排列顺序16(8)参考书目问题18MLA格式指南19第一部分：注意事项19(1)关于WorksCitedpage19(2)大小写与标点(CaPitaHZa【ionandPuncluaiion)19(3)作者姓名注意FamilyName,FirstName和MiddleName的顺序在不同情况下的差异。20(4)关于中文文献20(5)连续引用同一文献20(6)对于电子和互联网来源，遵循以下指南：20第二部分：文内弓I用In-tcxtCitations211. 基本引用格式(BaSiCln-
16、TeXtCitationRUIeS)212. (多版本)古典或经典著作引用格式(Author-PageCitationforClassicandLiteraryWorkswithMultipleEditions)223. 引用多位同姓作者的格式(CitingAuthorswithSameLastNames)234. 引用同位作者多部作品的格式(CitingMultipleWorksbytheSameAuthor).235. 多位作者246. 转弓I格式(CitingIndirectSources)247. 圣经引用格式(CiIinglheBibIe)258. 多卷本作品269. 汉语文献作者，
17、用汉语拼音表示姓氏，其他规则同英语26第三部分：引文格式处理(FormattingQuotations)261 .短弓I文格式CShortQuotations)262 .长引文格式(LongQUotaliOnS)273 .对引文作调整的格式(AddingorOmittingWordsInQuotations)29第四部分：脚注与尾注(FootnotesandEndnotes)291 .使用注释的情况(WhentoUseFOOmOleSandEndnotes)292 .注释标号(NumberingEndnotesandFootnotes)313 .注释格式(FormattingEndnotesa
18、ndFootnotes)32第五部分：参考文献列表(WorkSCiIedPage)321.书籍(WorksCitedPage:Books)32(I)单作者(BookwithOneAuthor)32(2)多作者(BookwithMoreTlianOneAuthor)32(3)同作者多部著作(TwoorMoreBookSbytheSameAuthor)33(4) 集团作者(BookbyaCorporateAuthor)34(5) 无作者(BookwithNoAuthor)34(6) 译著(ATranslatedBk)34(7)编辑的作品AWorkPreparedbyanEditor34(8)编选著
19、作(AnthologyorCollection)论文集35(9) 书的部分(APartofaBk)35(IO)参考书中的文章(如百科全书、词典)ARTICLEINAREFERENCEBOOK(E.GENCYCLOPEDIAS.DICTIONARIES)36(11)多卷著作(AMullivolunicWork)36(12)序言或后记(AnIntroduction,aPreface,aForward,oranAfterword)37(13)圣经(TheBible)37(14)政府出版物AGOVERNMENTPUBLlCATION37(15) 1900年之前出版的书BKPUBLISHEDBEFORE
20、1900382 .期刊文章(WOrkSCiled:PeriodiCaIS)MLAWorksCitedPage:Periodicals39(1)杂志文章ARTlCLElNAMAGAZlNE39(2)报纸文章ARTICLEINANEWSPAPER40(3)评论AREVlEW40(4)学术期刊(AnArticleinaScholarlyJournal)403 .电子文献MLAWorksCited:ElectronicSources(WebPublications)40(I)整个网站(AnEntifeWebSite)40(2)网站上的一页(APAGEONAWEBSITE)40(3)电子书(ANE-BO
21、oK)41(4)网上杂志的文章(ANARTICLEINAWEBMAGAZINE41(5)网上学术期刊的文章ANARTICLEINANONLINESCHOLARLYJOURNAL.41(6)网上数据库的文章ANARTICLEFROMANONLINEDATABASE(OROTHERELECTRONICSUBSCRIPTIONSERVICE)424 .其他常见文献格式MLAWorksCited:OtherCommonSources42(1)采访ANlNTERVlEW42(2)电影FlLMSoRMOVIES43(3)学位论文DISSERTATIONSANDMASTERSTHESES43第一部分APA格
22、式指南1 .缩写(Abbreviation)尽量避免缩写形式，但对于较长的、常用的表达形式可采用。第一次使用缩写时应说清楚指代内容。例如：AmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)SecondLanguageAcquisition(SLA)ExperimentalGroup(EG)ZControIGroup(CG)论文中避免使用“Dontand“Cant”等形式.2 .文内引用格式(In-TextCitations)(1)直接引述(Directcitation)当所引用的作者是句子的一部分时：引述一个作者时，例如：1.ong(1991)arguesthatwit
23、houtthis,outcomessuchasthosefromimmersioneducationarclikelytooccur,withalackofsustaineddevelopment.引述两个作者时中间用and(不用&)连接，例如：PerkinsandGass(1996)arguethat,sinceproficiencyismultidimensional,itdoesnotalwaysdevelopatthesamerateinalldomains.引述三个以上作者时：除非会造成歧义,否则每次引文(包括第一次引文)都应只包括第一作者的姓名和“eial.”,例如：Sanders
24、etal.(1992)studiedcoherencerelationsbasedonfourcriteria.更多参考范例参见表1：表1：基本文内引用方法AuthortypeParentheticalcitationNarrativecitationOneauthor(Lunal2020)Luna(2020)Twoauthors(Salas&DAgostino.2020)SalasandDAgostino(2020)Threeormoreauthors(Martintal.l2020)Martinetal.(2020)GroupauthorwithabbreviationFirstcitat
25、ionSubsequentcitations(NationalInstituteOfMentalHealthNIMH,2020)(NIMH.2020)NationalInstituteofMentalHeatth(NIMH.2020)NIMH(2020)Groupauthorwithoutabbreviation(StanfordUniversity,2020)StanfordUniversity(2020)直接引用时，需附页码，页码置于引述的句子后。单一页码，用“p.”，多个页码,用“pp.例如：Gould(1989)explainsthatDaru,inusedthemetaphoroft
26、hetreeoflife4,toexpresstheotherformofinterconnectedness-genealogicalratherthanecological-andtoillustratebothsuccessandfailureinthehistoryoflife*(p.14).Hu(1994)pointsoutthattextstudiesinthe1960sandearly1970saremoreorlessconcernedwith“textgrammar,andtextualgrammaticality,(pp.5-6).更多参考范例如下：表2：文内直接引用范例C
27、orrectIncorrectRationaleEffectiveteamscanbedifficulttodescribebecause-highperformancealongonedomaindoesnottranslatetohighperformancealonganother(Ervinetal.2018,p.470).Effectiveteamscanbedifficulttodescribebecausehighperformancealongonedomaindoesnottranslatetohighperformancealonganother”(Ervinetal.20
28、18.p.470)Theperiodmarkingtheendofasentenceshouldfollowthecitation,notprecedeit.Evensmart,educated,emotionallystableadultsbelievesuperstitionsthattheyrecognizearenotrational.*asexemplifiedbytheexistenceofpeoplewhoknockonwoodforgoodluck(Risen.2016.p.202).Evensmart,educated,emotionallystableadultsbelie
29、vesuperstitionsthattheyrecognizearenotrational(Risen.2016.p.202).asexemplifiedbytheexistenceofpeoplewhoknockonwoodforgoodluck.Thecitationshouldbeoutsidethequotationmarks,notwithinthem.Biebeletal.(2018)notedthatincorporatingthevoiceofstudentswithpsychiatricdisabilitiesintosupportededucationservicesca
30、nincreaseaccess,involvement,andretention(p.299).Biebeletal.(2018)notedthatincorporatingthevoiceofstudentsWithpsychiatricdisabilitiesintosupportededucationservicescanincreaseaccess,involvement,arxlretention.*p.299)Theperiodmarkingtheendoftesentenceshouldfollowthepagenumber,notprecedeit.*Somepeopleare
31、hilarious,othersarepainfullyunfunny,andmostaresomewhereinbetween.wroteNusbaumetal.(2017.p.231)intheirexplorationofhumor.Somepeoplearehilarious,othersarepainfullyunfunny,andmostaresomewhereinbehveen.(p.231)wroteNusbaumetal(2017)Intheirexplorationofhumor.Thepagenumbershouldbewithinthesameparenthesesas
32、teyearwhenthequotationprecedesthenaativecitation.Theitemread.Whatwerethebestaspectsoftheprogramforyou?”(Shaydenetal.2018.p.304).Theitemread,Whatwerethebestaspectsoftheprogramforyou?(ShayOenetal.,2018,p.304).Thequestionmarthatendsthequotationshouldappearwithinthequotationmarks.In2018.Sotoarguedthat,m
33、oresimilarstimuli,suchasthosecomingfromthesamemodality,producemorecoftguralprocessing(p.598).In2018,Sotoarguedthatmoresimilarstimuli,suchasthosecomingfromthesamemodality,producemoreConfiguralprocessing(Soto.2018,p.598).Itisnotnecessarytorepeattheauthorandyearwithinparentheseswhentheyalreadyappearint
34、henarrative.若引文过长(超过40词)，则列为段。例如：1.orenz(1999)voicedaverysimilarviewthatbecauseinwrittencommunication,coherencecannotbeexplicitlynegotiatedface-to-facebetweentextproducerandtextreceiver,writersthereforehaveeveryreasonfortryingtobeunequivocalandtomaketheirideas,intentionsandargumentsunmistakablyclear
35、.Onewayofdoingthisistocarefullysignallogicalrelationsandtherebysignpost,thepathtocoherenceforthereader.Consequently,whenlookingatthefabricationofcoherenceinwrittendiscourse,weneedtopayspecialattentiontothoseexplicitsignpostsofcoherence,i.c.thetextscohesiveties(p.55).当引述的作者不做句子成分，句中出现作者的原句或原词时，作者姓、出版
36、年及页码都应放置句子后的括号里，顺序为：姓、出版年，页码，如例句a),b);若句中未出现作者的原句或原词时，只将作者姓、出版年放置句子后的括号里，顺序为：姓、出版年，如例句c),d)例如：a) Thefirstcriticismisthatthetext-basedresearcherschsetostudythetextitselfformethodologicalconvenience,1(Giv6n,1995,p.59).b) Onevalidatesnotatest,butaprincipleformakinginferences5(Cronbach&Meehk1955,p.297).
37、c) Thisapproachtendstoassumeanautomatisationorpracticeviewoflearning(Bruton,2(X)2).d) Duringthe1970stherewereconsiderablemoveswithinlanguageteachingtoembracethecommunicativeapproach(Brumt&Johnson,1979).(2)转述(Citationfromasecondarysource)当不是从原作中引述，而是从别人的文献中引用时，使用卜.例的形式。例如：Ifconstructvalidityisseenasa
38、nexhaustiveprocessthatcanbeaccomplishedovera50-yearperiod,testdevelopersmaybeinclinedtothinkthatanyvalidityinformationisgoodenoughintheshortrun(Shepard,1993,citedinChapcllc,1998).(3)从论文集中引述(CitatiOnfromathesiscollection)引用论文集的文章时，应引用具体文章作者而不是论文集的主编的名字，例如：M.A.GernsbacherandT.Givonhaveeditedathesiscol
39、lectionnamedCoherenceinSpontaneousText.Init,thereisanarticlenamedAspectsofcoherenceinwrittenlanguage:apsychologicalperspectivewrittenbyA.SanfordandandL.Moxey.Whencitingthecontentfromthisarticle,youshouldfollowthisformat:ObviouslyReinhartscriterionofrelevanceisinfactobviouslypsychological,sincereleva
40、ncecanonlybedefinedwithrespecttobackgroundknowledge,andreasoningprocesses”(Sanford&Moxey1995,p.163).对应的文献表达的方式为:Sanibrd,A.&Moxey,L.(1995).Aspectsofcoherenceinwrittenlanguage:apsychologicalperspective.InGernsbacher,M.A.&Givon,T.(Eds.),CoherenceinSPOIuaneOUSText.(pp.161-187).JohnBenjaminsPublishingCom
41、pany.(4)引述中国学者文献(CitatiOnfromAChineseliterature)用英语写作时，应将要引述的内容、作者及出版单位译成英语。例如：Forexample,textstudiesinthe196OSandearly1970sweremoreorlessconcernedwith“textgrammarandtextual,lgrammaticality(Hu,1994,p.5-6).Thesescholarschosetostudycoherenceasasocialphenomenon,ratherthanamentalphenomenon(Zhu&Yan,2001)
42、.在文末的参考文献中，中文部分统一放在英文后的括号中，使用GB/T7714-2015中著作-出版年制，对应的文献表达为：Hu.Z.-L.(1994).DiscourseCohesionandCoherence.ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPreSS.(胡壮麟，1994.语篇的衔接与连贯MJ上海：上海外语教育出版社.)Zhu,Y.-S.&Yan,S.-Q.(2001).ReflectionsonSystemic-FunctionalLinguistics.ShanghaiForeignLangUageEdUCationPreSS.(朱永生，严世清，2001.系
43、统功能语言学多维思考M.上海外语教育出版社.)注意：在英语论文中，不可将中国学者的全名写出，也不能直接用汉语写。如(HUZhUanglin,1994)；(胡壮麟，1994)或(胡，1994)等形式都是不对的。保留作者姓氏及年份即可，如(Hu.1994)。(5)其他(Others)关于重复引用。在同一段落中，连续两次或两次以上引用同一文献时(中间没有引用其他的文献)，从第二次开始，不重复文献作者的姓和出版年代，而是用ibid.代替。如所引内容在不同页码，可以在ibid.之后加上页码。例如：Aprincipleoftextsequencingisthat,twithoutovertindicati
44、onstothecontrary,theorderofmentionofcertainitemsmaybeassumedtoreflecttheorderoftheseitemsinrealityorinourconceptualizationofreality”(Dik,1997,p.435).Thisequalstosaythattextualdescriptionofeventsorstates-of-affairsshouldfolloweithertheorderwhichactuallyexistsintheworldsdescribedortheorderinwhichwcper
45、ceivetheworlds.AsDik(ibid.p.436)furtherpointsout,“aslongastheorderingwithinthediscourseisinaccordancewiththesenaturaldefaults,thisaddstotheoverallcoherence.Wheresuchordersareshiftedaround,overtmarkersmustwarntheinterpreterofthismarkedsituation,.有时论文中不是直接或间接引用文献，而只是为了描述或介绍研究现状而提及某些文献，往往同时提及多种文献。在这种情况
46、下可以采用如下格式(注意使用e.g.,)。例如：Thesituationwithaccuracyisnotsoclear.Somestudies(e.g.,Foster&Skehan.1996;Skchan&Foster,!997：Mchncrl.1998)dosuggestthataccuracyisraisedwhenthereisplanning,butotherstudies(e.g.,Crkes,1989;Ortega,1999:Wigglesworth,1997.2001)donotsupportthisclaim.在这种情况下，可以用两种方法来安排文献的顺序。一是按文献的年代排列
47、，较早的排在前面(如上例)；二是按作者的姓氏的字母顺序排列。在同一处提及一个作者不同年代的文献时，可在括弧中列出若干个年代，用逗号隔开，按时间顺序排列。例如：AccordingtoHalliday(1973.1978,1985,1994),languagehasthreemainmetafunctions,namely,ideationalmclafunction.interpersonalmctafunclionandIextualmetafunction.如果需要同时引用某个作者在其独立完成的某个著作中的观点以及这个作者与其他作者合作的著作中的观点，可以采用下列两种格式。例如：However,McNamara(1995;McNamara&Lumley,1997)haschallengedtheBachmanmodel.However,researchershavechallengedtheBa
