《中华人民共和国法官法（2019修订）_2019.10.01生效_中英对照.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中华人民共和国法官法（2019修订）_2019.10.01生效_中英对照.docx（37页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、1/27中华人民共和国法官法（2019修订）发文机关：全国人民代表大会常务委员会发布日期,2019.04.23Promulgatedby：StandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongressPromulgationDate：2019.04.23生效日期:2019.10.01EffectiveDate：2019.10.01时效性：现行有效ValidityStatus：valid文号:主席令第二十七号DocumentNo.：PresidentialDecreeNo.27中华人民共和国法官法JudgesLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina
2、(Revisedin2019)主席令第二十七号PresidentialDecreeNo.27中华人民共和国法官法已TherevisedJudgesLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,adoptedattheTenthSessionoftheStandingCommitteeofthe由中华人民共和国第十三届全国人13thNationalPeoplesCongresson23April2019,ishereby民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议promulgated,effective1October2019.于2019年4月23日修订通过，现XiJinping将修订后的中
3、华人民共和国法官PresidentofthePeoplesRepublicofChina法公布，自2019年10月1日起23April2019施行。JudgesLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人民共和国主席习近平(Adoptedatthe12thSessionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeoplesCongresson28February1995,amended2019年4月23日forthefirsttimeinaccordancewiththeDecisiononRevisingtheJudgesLaw
4、ofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaadoptedatthe22nd中华人民共和国法官法SessionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNinthNationalPeoplesCongresson30June2001,amendedforthesecondtimeinaccordancewiththeDecisiononRevisingEightLawsIncludingthe（1995年2月28日第八届全JudgesLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaadoptedatthe29th国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二Sessionof
5、theStandingCommitteeoftheTwelfthNationalPeoplesCongresson1September2017,andrevisedatthe10th次会议通过根据2001年6月30日WoltersKluwer威科先行Q法律信息库i人皿IqDSessionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheThirteenthNational第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员PeoplesCongresson23April2019)会第二十二次会议关于修改中华人民共和国法官法的决定第一次修正根据2017年9月1日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议关于
6、修改中华人民共和国法官法等八部法律的决定第二次修正2019年4月23日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议修订)第一章总则第一条为了全面推进高素质 法官队伍建设，加强对法官的管理 和监督，维护法官合法权益，保障 人民法院依法独立行使审判权，保 障法官依法履行职责，保障司法公 正，根据宪法，制定本法。第二条 法官是依法行使国家 审判权的审判人员，包括最高人民 法院、地方各级人民法院和军事法 院等专门人民法院的院长、副院 长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭ChapterIGeneralProvisionsArticle1ThisLawisenactedinaccordancewiththeCo
7、nstitutioninordertocomprehensivelypromotethebuildingofateamofhigh-qualityjudges,strengthentheadministrationofandsupervisionoverjudges,safeguardthelawfulrightsandinterestsofjudges,ensurethatthepeoplescourtsindependentlyexercisejudicialauthorityaccordingtolaw,thatjudgesperformtheirfunctionsanddutiesac
8、cordingtolawandprotectjudicialfairness.Article2JudgesarethejudicialpersonnelwhoexercisethejudicialauthorityoftheStateaccordingtolaw,includingthepresidents,vice-presidents,membersofjudicialcommittees,chiefjudgesandassociatechiefjudgesofdivisionsandjudicialofficersoftheSupremePeoplesCourt,localpeople,
9、scourtsatvariouslevels,militarycourtsandotherspecialpeoplescourts.长和审判员。第三条法官必须忠实执行宪Article3JudgesmustfaithfullyimplementtheConstitutionandlaws,maintainsocialfairnessandjustice,andservethe法和法律，维护社会公平正义，全peoplewhole-heartedly.心全意为人民服务。第四条法官应当公正对待当Article4Judgesshalltreatthepartiesandotherparticipants
10、intheproceedingsimpartiallyandapplylawequallytoall事人和其他诉讼参与人，对一切个individualsandorganizations.人和组织在适用法律上律平等。第五条法官应当勤勉尽责，Article5Judgesshallbediligentandresponsible,honestandupright,andabidebyprofessionalethics.清正廉明，恪守职业道德。第六条法官审判案件，应当Article6Intryingacase,judgesshalltakefactsasthebasis,lawasthecriter
11、ion,andadheretotheobjectiveandimpartial以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，秉position.持客观公正的立场。第七条法官依法履行职责，Article7Judges,whenperformingtheirfunctionsanddutiesaccordingtolaw,shallbeprotectedbylaw,freefrom受法律保护，不受行政机关、社会interferenceofadministrativeorgans,socialorganizationsor团体和个人的干涉。individuals.第二章法官的职责、义务和ChapterIlFuncti
12、onsandDuties,ObligationsandRightsofJudges权利第八条法官的职责：Article8Thefunctionsanddutiesofajudgeareasfollows:(1)totakepartinatrialasamemberofacollegialpanelortotrycriminal,civiloradministrativelitigationaswellasState（一）依法参加合议庭审判或compensationcasesasasolejudge,etc.;者独任审判刑事、民事、行政诉讼(2)tohandlecasesofextraditio
13、nandjudicialassistanceaccording以及国家赔偿等案件；tolaw;and(一)依法办理引渡司法协(3)t。performotherfunctionsanddutiesasprovidedforbylaw.助等案件；Ajudgeshallberesponsibleforthecaseshandledbyhimorherwithinthescopeofhisorherfunctionsandpowers.（）法律规定的其他职责。法官在职权范围内对所办理的案件负责。第九条人民法院院长、副院Article9Thepresident,vice-presidents,membe
14、rsofthejudicialcommittee,chiefjudgesandassociatechiefjudgesof长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭divisionsofapeoplescourtshall,inadditiontothejudicial长除履行审判职责外，还应当履行functionsandduties,performotherfunctionsanddutiescommensuratewiththeirposts.与其职务相适应的职责。第十条法官应当履行下列义Article10Ajudgeshallperformthefollowingobligations:(1)务：t
15、ostrictlyobservetheConstitutionandlaws;(2)tohandlecasesimpartiallyandnottobendlawforpersonal（一）严格遵守宪法和法律；gain;(3)toprotectthelitigationrightsofthepartiesandother（二）秉公办案，不得徇私枉participantsintheproceedingsaccordingtolaw;法；(4)tosafeguardtheStateinterestsandthepublicinterestaswellasthelawfulrightsandinte
16、restsofindividualsandorganizations;（三）依法保障当事人和其他(5)tokeepStatesecretsandthesecretsofjudicialworkandto诉讼参与人的诉讼权利；keepconfidentialthetradesecretsandpersonalprivacyknownintheperformanceoffunctionsandduties;（四）维护国家利益、社会公(6)toacceptlegalsupervisionandsupervisionbythemasses共利益，维护个人和组织的合法权益；accordingtolaw;
17、(7)tointerpretlawswithcases,enhanceallthepublicawarenessoftheruleoflawandpromotethebuildingofalaw-basedsociety（五）保守国家秘密和审判工byhandlingcasesaccordingtolaw;and作秘密，对履行职责中知悉的商业(8)toperformotherobligationsasprovidedforbylaw.秘密和个人隐私予以保密;（六）依法接受法律监督和人民群众监督；（七）通过依法办理案件以案释法，增强全民法治观念，推进法治社会建设；（八）法律规定的其他义务。第十一条
18、法官享有下列权Article11Ajudgeshallenjoythefollowingrights:(1)tohavethepowerandworkingconditionswhichareessentialtothe利：performanceoffunctionsanddutiesofjudges;（一）履行法官职责应当具有(2)tobenottransferred,removed,demoted,dismissedorpunishedwithoutstatutorybasisandwithoutgoingthrough的职权和工作条件；statutoryprocedures;（二）非因法
19、定事由、非经法(3)toenjoyoccupationalsecurityandwelfarebenefitsfortheperformanceoffunctionsanddutiesofjudges;定程序，不被调离、免职、降职、(4)toenjoysafetyoftheperson,propertyandresidenceas辞退或者处分；protectedbylaw;（三）履行法官职责应当享有(5)tolodgepetitionsorcomplaints;and的职业保障和福利待遇；(6)tohaveotherrightsasprovidedforbylaw.（四）人身、财产和住所安全受
20、法律保护；（五）提出申诉或者控告;（六）法律规定的其他权利。第三章法官的条件和遴选第十二条担任法官必须具备 下列条件：（一）具有中华人民共和国国 籍；（二）拥护中华人民共和国宪 法，拥护中国共产党领导和社会主 义制度；（三）具有良好的政治、业务 素质和道德品行；（四）具有正常履行职责的身 体条件；（五）具备普通高等学校法学 类本科学历并获得学士及以上学 位；或者普通高等学校非法学类本 科及以上学历并获得法律硕士、法 学硕士及以上学位；或者普通高等 学校非法学类本科及以上学历，获 得其他相应学位，并具有法律专业 知识；（六）从事法律工作满五年。ChapterIIIQualificationsfo
21、randSelectionofJudgesArticle12Ajudgemustpossessthefollowingqualifications:(1)tohavethenationalityofthePeoplesRepublicofChina;(2) toupholdtheConstitutionofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaandtheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandthesocialistsystem;(3) tohavefinepoliticalandprofessionalqualityaswellasgood
22、moralconduct;(4) tobephysicallyabletoperformdutiesnormally;(5) tohaveobtainedundergraduateeducationasalawmajorinageneralinstitutionofhighereducationandhaveobtainedabachelorsdegreeorabove;orhaveobtainedundergraduateeducationasanon-lawmajorinageneralinstitutionofhighereducationandhaveobtainedadegreeof
23、jurismaster/masteroflaworabove;orhaveobtainedundergraduateeducationasanonlawmajorinageneralinstitutionofhighereducationandhaveobtainedothercorrespondingdegree,andhaveprofessionalknowledgeoflaw;(6) tohaveengagedinlegalworkforfivefullyears.Forthosewhohaveobtainedadegreeofjurismaster/masteroflaworPhDde
24、greeofLaws,thelengthoftheirserviceinlegalworkmayberespectivelyshortenedtofourorthreeyears;and(7) thejuniorjudgeshallpassthenationalunifiedlegalprofessionalqualificationexamandacquirethelegalprofessionalqualification.WhereitisreallydifficulttoapplytheprovisionsinItem(5)oftheprecedingparagraphregardin
25、gtheacademicqualificationsforjudges,suchqualificationsmay,uponexaminationandapprovalbytheSupremePeoplesCourtandwithinalimitedperiodoftime,berelaxedtoincludeundergraduatesofaninstitutionofhigher其中获得法律硕士、法学硕士学education.位，或者获得法学博士学位的，从事法律工作的年限可以分别放宽至四年、三年；（七）初任法官应当通过国家统一法律职业资格考试取得法律职业资格。适用前款第五项规定的学历条件确
26、有困难的地方，经最高人民法院审核确定，在一定期限内，可以将担任法官的学历条件放宽为高等学校本科毕业。第十三条下列人员不得担任Article13Thefollowingpersonsshallnotholdthepostofajudge:(1)tohavebeensubjecttocriminalpunishmentfor法官：committingacrime;（一）因犯罪受过刑事处罚(2)tohavebeendischargedfrompublicoffice;的；(3)tohavehis/herpracticingcertificateforlawyersornotariesrevokedo
27、rtohavebeenexpelledbyanarbitrationcommittee;and（二）被开除公职的；(4)othercircumstancesasprovidedbythelaw.（三）被吊销律师、公证员执业证书或者被仲裁委员会除名的；（四）有法律规定的其他情形的。fEi、，上Article14Candidatesforjuniorjudgesshallbeselected,第十四条初任法官采用考throughexaminationorappraisal,fromamongthepersons试、考核的办法，按照德才兼备的bestqualifiedasjudgesasperthe
28、standardsofhavingboth工一、八、上修11U,0abilityandpoliticalintegrity.Thepresidentofapeoplescourt标准，从具备法官条件的人员中择shallhaveprofessionalknowledgeoflawandexperienceinlegal优提出人选oprofession.Vice-presidentsandmembersofthejudicialcommitteeshallbeselectedfromjudges,procuratorsorotherpersonswho人民法院的院长应当具有法学arequalifi
29、edasjudges.专业知识和法律职业经历。副院长、审判委员会委员应当从法官、检察官或者其他具备法官条件的人员中产生。第十五条人民法院可以根据 审判工作需要，从律师或者法学教 学、研究人员等从事法律职业的人 员中公开选拔法官。除应当具备法官任职条件外， 参加公开选拔的律师应当实际执业 不少于五年，执业经验丰富，从业 声誉良好，参加公开选拔的法学教Article15Apeoplescourtmay,inlightoftheneedsofjudicialwork,openlyselectjudgesfromlawyersorpersonsengagedinlegalprofessionsucha
30、steachingandresearchpersonneloflaw.Inadditiontohavingqualificationsofjudge,alawyerparticipatingintheopenselectionshallhaveactuallypracticedfornolessthanfiveyears,withrichpracticeexperienceandgoodpracticereputation.Theteachingandresearchpersonneloflawparticipatingintheopenselectionshallhaveanintermed
31、iateprofessionaltitleorabove,havebeenengagedinteachingandresearchworkformorethanfiveyears,andhaveoutstandingresearchabilityandcorrespondingresearchachievements.学、研究人员应当具有中级以上职称，从事教学、研究工作五年以上，有突出研究能力和相应研究成果O第十六条省、自治区、直辖市设立法官遴选委员会，负责初任Article 16 Ajudgeselectioncommitteeshallbesetupinaprovince,autonomo
32、usregionormunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernmenttoberesponsibleforexaminingthe甘,先广II，注力的1,核professionalcompetenceofcandidatesforjuniorjudges.Ajudgeselectioncommitteeattheprovinciallevelshallbecomposedofjudgerepresentativesofthelocalpeoplescourtatall省级法”遴选委员会的组成人evsotherpersonnelengagedinthele
33、galprofessionand员应当包括地方各级人民法院法官representativesoftherelevantparties,amongwhich,thenumberofjudgerepresentativesshallnotbelessthanonethird.代表、其他从事法律职业的人员和,上Thedailyworkofajudgeselectioncommitteeattheprovincial有关方面代表，其中法官代表不少省级法官遴选委员会的日常工 作由高级人民法院的内设职能部门 承担。levelshallbeundertakenbytheinternalfunctionald
34、epartmentof于三分之一。thehighpeoplescourt.FortheselectionofjudgesoftheSupremePeoplesCourt,ajudgeselectioncommitteeoftheSupremePeoplesCourtshallbesetuptoberesponsibleforexaminingtheprofessionalcompetenceofthecandidatesforjudges.第十七条 初任法官般到基 层人民法院任职。上级人民法院法 官一般逐级遴选；最高人民法院和 高级人民法院法官可以从下两级人 民法院遴选。参加上级人民法院遴 选
35、的法官应当在下级人民法院担任遴选最高人民法院法官应当设立最高人民法院法官遴选委员会，负责法官人选专业能力的审核。Article 17 Juniorjudgesshallgenerallyserveinabasicpeoplescourt.Judgesofapeople,scourtatahigherlevelaregenerallyselectedlevelbylevel;judgesoftheSupremePeople,sCourtandthehighpeoplescourtmaybeselectedfromthepeoplescourtsatthenexttwolowerlevels.Aj
36、udgeparticipatinginselectionofjudgesofapeoplescourtatahigherlevelshallhaveservedasajudgeinapeoplescourtatalowerlevelforacertainperiodofyearsandshallhaverelevantworkingexperiencefortheselectedposition.法官定年限，并具有遴选职位相关工作经历。第四章法官的任免第十八条法官的任免，依照ChapterIVAppointmentandRemovalofJudgesArticle 18 Ajudgeshall
37、beappointedorremovedinaccordancewiththelimitofauthorityfor,andproceduresof,宪法和法律规定的任免权限和程序 办理。最高人民法院院长由全国人民 代表大会选举和罢免，副院长、审 判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长和审 判员，由院长提请全国人民代表大 会常务委员会任免。最高人民法院巡回法庭庭长、 副庭长，由院长提请全国人民代表 大会常务委员会任免。地方各级人民法院院长由本级 人民代表大会选举和罢免，副院 长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭 长和审判员，由院长提请本级人民 代表大会常务委员会任免。在省、自治区内按地区设立的 和在直辖市内设立
38、的中级人民法院 的院长，由省、自治区、直辖市人 民代表大会常务委员会根据主任会 议的提名决定任免，副院长、审判 委员会委员、庭长、副庭长和审判 员，由高级人民法院院长提请省、 自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务appointmentorremovalasprescribedbytheConstitutionandlaws.ThepresidentoftheSupremePeoplesCourtshallbeelectedorremovedbytheNationalPeoplesCongress.Thevice-presidents,membersofthejudicialcommittee,chi
39、efjudgesandassociatechiefjudgesofdivisionsandjudicialofficersshallbeappointedorremovedbytheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongressupontherecommendationofthepresidentoftheSupremePeoplesCourt.ChiefjudgesandassociatechiefjudgesofthecircuitcourtsoftheSupremePeoplesCourtshallbeappointedorremovedbyt
40、heStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongressupontherecommendationofthepresidentoftheSupremePeoplesCourt.Thepresidentsofthelocalpeoplescourtsatvariouslevelsshallbeelectedorremovedbythepeoplescongressesatthecorrespondinglevels.Thevice-presidents,membersofthejudicialcommittee,chiefjudgesandassociate
41、chiefjudgesofdivisionsandjudicialofficersshallbeappointedorremovedbytheStandingCommitteeofthePeoplesCongressatthecorrespondinglevelupontherecommendationofthepresidents.Theappointmentorremovalofthepresidentsoftheintermediatepeoplescourtssetupbyregioninaprovincesorautonomousregionorsetupinamunicipalit
42、ydirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentshallbedecidedonbytheStandingCommitteesofthePeoplesCongressesoftheprovinces,autonomousregionsormunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentonthebasisofthenominationsmadebytherespectivedirectorsmeetings.Thevice-presidents,membersofthejudicialcommittees,chiefjudges
43、andassociatechiefjudgesofdivisionsandjudicialofficersshallbeappointedorremovedbytheStandingCommitteesofthePeoplesCongressesoftheprovinces,autonomousregionsormunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentupontherecommendationofthepresidentsofthehighpeoplescourts.Thepresidents,vice-presidents,members
44、ofthejudicialcommittees,chiefjudgesandassociatechiefjudgesofdivisions委员会任免。andjudicialofficersofthepeoplescourtsatalllevelsandspecialpeoplescourtsoftheXinjiangProductionandConstructionCorpsshallbeappointedorremovedinaccordancewiththerelevant新加IJ建设lH各r及人民法provisionsoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNational
45、Peoples院、专门人民法院的院长、副院Corlgress.长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长和审判员，依照全国人民代表大会常务委员会的有关规定任免。第十九条法官在依照法定程Article19Afterajudgeiselectedunderthelegalprocedures,heorsheshallpubliclypledgeallegiancetotheConstitution序产生后，在就职时应当公开进行whenassuminghisorherpost.宪法宣誓。第二十条法官有下列情形之Article20Whereajudgefallsunderanyofthefollowingcir
46、cumstances,arequestshallbesubmittedaccordingtolaw一的，应当依法提请免除其法官职toremovehimorherfromofficeasajudge:(1)havingforfeited务：thenationalityofthePeoplesRepublicofChina;(2)havingbeentransferredoutofthepeoplescourtwhereheor（一）丧失中华人民共和国国sheholdsapost;籍的；(3)havingnoneedtoretainhisorherpostasajudgeafterachangeo
47、fpost,orhavingappliedfortheremovalofpostasa（二）调出所任职人民法院judgeandhavingbeenapproved;的；(4)beingappraisedasnotqualifiedforthepostofajudge;（三）职务变动不需要保留法(5)beingunabletoperformthefunctionsanddutiesofajudgeforalongperiodoftimeduetopoorhealth;官职务的，或者本人申请免除法宜职务经批准的；(6) havingretired;(7) havingresignedorbeingdismissedaccordingtolaw;or（四）经考核不能胜任法官职(8)beingunsuitabletocontinuetoholdthepostdueofviolationof务的；disciplineorlaw.（五）因健康原因长期不能履行职务的；（六）退休的；（七）辞职或者依法应当予以辞退的；（八）因违纪违法不宜继续任职的。第二十一条发现
