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1、美国名人电视机发明人菲罗法恩斯沃斯PhiloFarnsworth,1906-1971:TheFatherOfTeIevisionplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:16repeatByPaulThompson2008-12-6VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutamanwhomadepossibleoneofthemostimportantcommunicationsdevicesevercreat
2、ed-television.HisnamewasPhiloFarnsworth.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TelevisionmadeitpossibleforhundredsofmillionsofpeopletowatchNeilArmstrongsteppingontothesurfaceofthemoonInnineteensixty-nine,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongclimbeddownthesideofthespacevehiclethathadtakenhimtothemoon.Ashisfoottouchedthesurfaceoft
3、hemoon,picturesoftheeventweresentbacktotelevisionsonEarth.Thepictureswerenotverygood.ItwashardtoseeastronautArmstrongclearly.Thesurfaceofthemoonwasextremelybright.Andthemoonlandervehiclecreatedaverydarkzblackshadow.Butthequalityofthetelevisionpictureswasnotimportant.Everyman,womanandchildwhosawthete
4、levisionpicturesunderstoodtheywerewatchinganimportantevent.Theywerewatchinghistorytakeplaceasitwashappeningmanyhundredsofthousandsofkilometersaway.VOICETWO:Forafewminutes,thepoorqualitytelevisionpicturescapturedtheimaginationofmillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld.Expertsbelieveaboutsixhundredmillionpe
5、oplearoundtheworldwatchedasNeilArmstrongsteppedfromthespacevehicletothesurfaceofthemoon.Intheyearssincethen,peoplearoundtheworldhavesharedinmanyevents.Televisionhasmadeitpossibleforpeopleindistantplacestoshareasingleexperience.VOICEONE:Atelevisionsystemchangeslightandsoundwavesfromamovingpictureinto
6、electronicsignalsthattravelthroughtheair.Thesignalsarechangedbackintosoundandpicturesinatelevisionreceiver.ScientistsinBritain,Germany,France,Japan,theformerSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesallmadeimportantdiscoveriesthatledtothedevelopmentofmoderntelevision.YetitwasayoungboylivingonanAmericanfarmwhowas
7、thefirstpersontoinventanddesignwhatbecametelevision.Hefirstthoughtoftheideaofanelectronictelevisionwhenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold.HisnamewasPhiloTaylorFarnsworth.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PhiloFarnsworthwasbornonAugustnineteenth,nineteen-oh-six,nearIndianCreekinthewesternstateofUtah.Thehousehelivedinforthefirs
8、tfewyearsofhislifehadnoelectricpower.ButPhiloreadaboutelectricity.HewasveryexcitedwhenhisfamilymovedtoanewhouseinIdahothathadelectricpower.Hequicklybegantoexperimentwithelectricity.Hebuiltanelectricmotorwhenhewastwelve.Thenhebuiltthefirstelectricwashingmachineforclothesthathisfamilyhadeverowned.Phil
9、oFarnsworthattendedaverysmallschoolnearhisfamilysfarm.Hedidverywellinschool.Heaskedhisteacherforspecialhelpinscience.TheteacherbeganhelpingPhilolearnagreatdealmorethanmostyoungstudentscouldunderstand.VOICEONE:Onenight,Philoreadamagazinestoryabouttheideaofsendingpicturesandsoundthroughtheair.Anyonewi
10、thadevicethatcouldreceivethiselectronicinformationcouldwatchthepictures.Themagazinestorysaidsomeoftheworldsbestscientistswereworkingontheidea.Itsaidthesescientistswereusingspecialmachinestotrytomakeakindofdevicetosendpictures.ThestorymadePhilothink.Fourteen-year-oldPhilodecidedthesefamousscientistsw
11、erewrong.Hedecidedthatmechanicaldeviceswouldneverwork.Theycouldneverbemadetomovefastenoughtoclearlycaptureandreproduceanelectronicpicturesentthroughtheair.Philodecidedthatsuchadevicewouldhavetobeelectronic,notmechanical.Philoknewelectronscouldbemadetomoveextremelyfast.Allhewouldhavetodowasfindawayto
12、makeelectronsdothework.VeryquicklyPhilohadanideaforsuchareceiver.Itwouldtraplightinacontainerandsendthelightonalineofelectrons.Philocalleditlightinabottle.VOICETWO:Severaldayslater;Philotoldhisteacheraboutadevicethatcouldcapturepictures.Hedrewaplanforitthathegavehisteacher.Philosdrawingseemsverysimp
13、le.Butitstillclearlyshowstheinformationneededtobuildatelevision.Infact,alltelevisionequipmenttodaystillusesPhilosearlyidea.PhilosteacherwasJustinTolman.ManyyearslaterPhilowouldsayMisterTolmanguidedhisimaginationandopenedthedoorsofscienceforhim.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PhiloFarnsworthhadtosolveseveralproblems
14、beforehecouldproduceaworkingtelevisionsystem.Onewasthathewasonlyfourteenyearsold.Heknewnoonewouldlistentoachild.Infact,expertssaythatprobablyonlytenscientistsintheworldatthattimecouldhaveunderstoodhisidea.Philoalsohadnomoneytodevelophisideas.Hisideaforaworkingtelevisionwouldhavetowait.Afteronlytwoye
15、arsofhighschool,PhiloenteredBrighamYoungUniversityinUtah.Buthedidnotfinishhiseducation.Hewasforcedtoleaveschoolwhenhisfatherdied.Philodidnotgiveuphisideaforcreatingatelevision.HebeganseriousworkonitwhenhemovedtoSanFranciscozCaliforniaafewyearslater.Hewastwenty-oneyearsold.VOICETWO:PhiloFarnsworthwit
16、hhistelevisioncameratubeanditsreceiverOnSeptemberseventh,nineteentwenty-seven,Philoturnedonadevicethatwasthefirstworkingtelevisionreceiver.Inanotherroomwasthefirsttelevisioncamera.Philohadinventedthespecialcameratubeearlierthatyear.Theimageproducedonthereceiverwasnotveryclear;butthedeviceworked.With
17、inafewmonths,PhiloFarnsworthhadfoundseveralpeoplewhowantedtoinvestmoneyinhisinvention.InAugustznineteenthirty,theUnitedStatesgovernmentgavePhilopatentdocuments.Thesewouldprotecthisinventionfrombeingcopiedbyothers.Verysoon,however;severalotherinventorsclaimedtheyhadinventedatelevisiondevice.Oneofthes
18、einventors,VladimirZworykinzworkedforthepowerfulRadioCorporationofAmerica.TheRCAcompanybeganlegalactionagainstPhiloFarnsworth.ItsaidMisterZworykinhadinventedhisdeviceinthenineteentwenties.ThebigandpowerfulRCAclaimedthatit,notthesmallPhiloFarnsworthTelevisionCompany,hadtherighttoproduce,developandmar
19、kettelevision.VOICEONE:ThelegalactionbetweenRCAandtheFarnsworthcompanycontinuedforseveralyears.RCAprovedthatMisterZworykindidmakeamechanicaltelevisiondevice.Butitcouldnotdemonstratethatthedeviceworked.Atthesametime,RCAclaimedthatMisterFarnsworthhadproducedhistelevisionimagetubeafterMisterZworykinhad
20、developedhis.WhenMisterFarnsworthsaidhehaddevelopedtheideamuchearlier;RCAsaiditwasimpossibleforafourteen-year-oldboytoproducetheideaforatelevisiondevice.CompanyrepresentativessaidMisterFarnsworthwasnotevenascientist.Hehadneverfinishedcollege.RCAsaidPhiloFarnsworthshouldbeforcedtoprovehehadinventedth
21、etelevisionimagetube.Philocouldnotproveheinventedit.Buthishighschoolteachercould.Incourt,JustinTolmanproducedthedrawingthatPhilohadmadeforhimmanyyearsbeforeasastudent.Atthatmoment,thelegalexpertsforRCAknewtheyhadlost.PhiloFarnsworthwonthelegalactionandtherighttoowntheinventionoftelevision.However,he
22、didnothavethemoneyorsupporttobuildatelevisionindustry.ItwasthenineteenfiftiesbeforetelevisionbecameamajorforceinAmericanlife.VladimirZworykinandDavidSarnoff,theheadofRCA,becamethenamesconnectedwiththenewindustry.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PhiloFarnsworthPhiloFarnsworthcontinuedtoinventmorethanonehundreddevices
23、thathelpedmakemoderntelevisionpossible.Healsodevelopedearlyradar,inventedthefirstelectronicmicroscope,andworkedondevelopingpeacefulusesofatomicenergy.Inhislastyears,MisterFarnsworthbecameastrongcriticoftelevision.Hedidnotlikemostoftheprogramsshownontelevision.YetzashewatchedNeilArmstrongsfirststepon
24、themoon,MisterFarnsworthknewtheeventclearlyshowedthepowerofhisinvention.PhiloFarnsworthdiedinMarch,nineteenseventy-one.Today,astatueofhimstandsintheUnitedStatesCapitol.Heisconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventorsofthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyPaulThompson.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.ListenagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
