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1、专题07动词的时态和语态复习动词时态复习，使学生掌握初中所学的七大时态的用法，构成。以及在实际语境中，书面表达中的运用。考题主要在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空中出现。当然书面表达中准确运用时态也会影响学生得分。动词的时态历来是中考题中考查的重头戏之一。测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时（过去时）与现在（过去）进行时；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述，动词的时态在中考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。以动词do为例真题研析规律探寻1. （2023武汉）Jes
2、sicaeverynightbeforeherChinesetestandgotgoodresults.A.studiesB.studiedC.hasstudiedD.willstudy【答案】B【解析】句意：杰西卡在语文考试前每天晚上都学习，并取得了好成绩。考查动词时态。根据（语言环境）and以及gol可知，空处与got是并列关系，所以空处填动词过去式，故选Bo2. （2023武汉）一WhowilltalkaboutthedevelopmentofAmericancountrymusicnextweek?IsuggestBrad.HeinNashville,thehomeofcountrym
3、usic,sincehewasachild.【答案】C【解析】句意：一下周是谁将会谈论关于美国乡村音乐的发展？一我建议布拉德。他从小住在乡村音乐之都纳什维尔。考查现在完成时。根据飞incehewasachild.”可知，这里应用现在完成时。故选C。3. （2023安徽）一Jim,vegotaproblemwithmycar.Couldyouhelpme?Sorry,notrightnow.Iashortvideo.A.makeB.havemadeC.ammakingD.wasmaking【答案】C【解析】句意：一Jim,我的车出问题了。你能帮我吗？对不起，现在不行。我正在做一个短视频。考查动词
4、时态。根据Sorry,notrightnow.I.ashortVideo”可知，现在正在制作短视频，用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，故选C。4. （2023河北）IiceskatingthisSunday.Doyouwanttocome?A.goB.wentC.wasgoingD.willgo【答案】D【解析】句意：这个星期天我要去滑冰。你想来吗？考查时态。根据DoyouwarnIocome”可知动作还未发生，用一般将来时WiHd0。故选D。5. （2023天津）WhileweanEnglishsong,somevisitorscametoourclass.A.singB.willsingC.
5、weresingingD.aresinging【答案】C【解析】句意：当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。考查动词时态。根据While”以及“somevisitorscametoourclass”可知此句是含有WhiIe的过去进行时：was/weredoing,故选Ce核心提炼考向探究一、一般现在定义（常涉及现在）表示现在经常反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态;还可用来描述真理谓语构成am/is/are；do/does时间状语always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly,nevereveryyear,onceadaytwiceaweek,th
6、reetimesamonth,OnSUndayS等举例Jacobisisn,tasailor.雅各布是/不是一个海员。Shesingsdoesn,tsingwell.她唱得好/不好。二、一般过去时定义（常涉及过去）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作谓语构成was/were；did；could；would.时间状语yesterday,lastnightyin1990,twodaysago,often,always等举例Mikewaswasn,tSiIent.迈克是/不是不爱说话。三、现在进行时定义（常涉及现在某一时刻）表示（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作；也可表示现
7、阶段一直或反复进行的动作谓语构成is/am/aredoing时间状语now,atthemoment,look,listen,thesedays,atpresent,fromIwotofive等举例Iam/amnotstandingontheGrandCanyonnow.我正/没有站在大峡谷上。1.ook!Heisplayingfootball.#!他正在踢足球。四、过去进行时定义（常涉及过去某一时刻）表示过去某个时间点或过去某时间段正在进行的动作谓语构成was/weredoing时间状语atninelastnight,atthatIime=then,atthistimeyesterdaytth
8、ismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,when/while引导的时间状语从句等举例Iwas/wasnotlookingatVictoriaFallsatthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候我正/没有看到维多利亚瀑布。Hebrokehisarmwhen/whilehewasridingthemolorbike.他骑摩托车的时候折断了胳膊。五、现在完成时定义（涉及过去、现在、有可能到将来）表示始于过去、持续至今的动作或状态，并可能继续下去；也可以表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果谓语构成have/hasdone时间状语fo
9、r（+时段），SinCe（+表过去的时间点），already,yet,just,before,recently,StilLlately,theseyears,just,uptonow,sofar,in/over/duringthelast/pastfewmonths举例Shehashasn,tlivedhereforfiveyears.她住/没住这儿五年了。Haveyouseenityet?你还没看见吗？Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?你愿意和我们一起共进晚餐吗？Thanks,butvchaditalready.谢谢，我已经吃过晚饭了。Angelhasbeende
10、adfor2days,安杰尔死了两天了。六、一般将来时定义（涉及将来）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事谓语构成wi11shalldo；is/am/aregoingtodo；am/is/aredoing时间状语tomorrow,soon,nextyear/week/month,inafewdaysinthefuture,sometime,含有when或if的复合句等举例We,regoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgatesoon.我们不久将在学校门口会合。Theywonthaveameetingtomorrow.他们明天没有会议。Therearegoin
11、gtobetwopartiesthisSaturday.=TherewillbetwopartiesthisSaturday.这个星期六将有两个派对。七、去完成时定义一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生（即表示“过去的过去），那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这个过去的时间可用before等介词短语构成一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文给出暗示。谓语构成“had+过去分词”时间状语bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,before2012,bythetime等。用在d,said,knew,heard,Ihought等动词后的宾语从句中。也可用在状语从句中
12、此时，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先用过去完成时：发生在后用一般过去时。举例BythenhehadlearnedEnglishforfouryears.到那时，他已学习英语四年了。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.她说她从来没去过巴黎。现在完成时与一般过去时区别现在完成时一般过去时时态范畴现在时态,过去的动作对现在造成的影响过去时态，过去动作，与现在无关例句LiLeihasreadthebook.（说明李雷了解那本书的内容）Yesterday1wenttothezoo.（仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关）时间状语already,yet,StilL
13、just,sofar,inthelast(past),before,ever,never,SinCe+时间点，for+时间段ago,yesterdaylast,in2000,justnow例句Haveyoueverpickedflowersinapark?你们曾在公园里摘过花吗？Fatherboughtthatwatchtenyearsago.爸爸十年前买了那块手表。题型特训命题预测一、单项选择1. (2023江苏南通)一MyfatherandIalotofphotosatthesameplaceinthepasttenyears.一Thosephotosmustbeyourvaluablem
14、emories.C. takeD. were takingA.havetakenB.willtake2. （2023江苏无锡）Hey,AuntJenny!It,syou!Ididn,texpectyouover.Whatanicesurprise!A.hadcomeB.havecomeC.wouldcomeD.willcome3. （2023江苏徐州）IsawHarryinFebruaryandIhimsincethen.A.didn,tseeB.wontseeC.haventseenD.dontsee4. （2023湖北孝感）Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel,Journeyt
15、othe他sf?一It,ssoexcitingthatIitforthreetimes.A.readB.willreadC.havereadD.wasreading5. （2023北京）一Lucy,whatareyoudoing?Iamodelship.A.makeB.madeC.ammakingD.wasmaking6. （2023北京）TheShenzhou-15astronautstoEarthsafelyonJune4,2023.A.returnB.returnedC.willreturnD.havereturned7. （2023北京）Ifyougototheconcertwithu
16、stomorrow,youagreattimethere.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.havehad8. （2023北京）Ericmanythingssincehebecameinterestedinscience.A.islearningB.waslearningC.willIeamD.haslearned9. （2023江西）What,sthatnoise,Tom?-Oh,somechildrenintheyard.D. will playA.playB.areplayingC.played10. （2023天津）WhileweanEnglishsong,somevisi
17、torscametoourclass.A.singB.willsingC.weresingingD.aresinging11. -Hurryup!-Onemoment.Imye-mailandthenmreadytogo.A.readB.amreadingC.wasreadingD.haveread12. -veneverseenMr.Taylorbefore.Dontworry.Ihimtoyoubeforethemeeting.A.willintroduceB.introducedC.haveintroducedD.hadintroduced13. -Linda,Dadhasfinishe
18、dhisworkandwetothegymtopickyouup.-Thankyou,Mum.A.driveB.droveC.havedrivenD.aredriving14. Doyouknowifhetoplayfootballwithus?Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe15. -UncleSamsaidhemybirthdayparty,buthenevershowedup.-That,sUncleSam.Heforgetseverything!
19、C. has attendedD. had attendedA.willattendB.wouldattend16. Thestudenttoldmethathetheexam.A.hashad;yesterdayB.had;thedaybeforeyesterdayC.hadhad;thedaybeforeD.hadhad;yesterday17. Hello!MayIspeaktoKate?Sorry,sheisn,tin.Sheping-pongoutside.A.isplayingB.playsC.playedD.willplay18. （2022湖北武汉中考）一Idon,tthink
20、sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtodrive.I.Ifsnotsafe.A.agreeB.agreedC.willagreeD.hadagreed19. Thechiefengineerannouncedthattheyaspacelabonthespacestationaroundtheendof2022.A.havebuiltB.hadbuiltC.willbuildD.wouldbuild20. MayIspeaktoWangLi?Sorry,sheisnotathome.Shesincelastmonth.A.leftB.hasleftC.hasbee
21、nawayD.wentaway21. （2023江苏连云港二模）Theydidn,tnoticemecomeinbecausetheycomputergames.A.playB.areplayingC.wereplayingD.haveplayed22. （2023河北石家庄一模）Iacold.Iamnotfeelingwellnow.A.catchB.havecaughtC.willcatchD.wascatching23. （2023上海静安二模）Manypeoplebusilyinthatbuildingateightyesterdayevening.A.areworkingB.were
22、workingC.hasworkedD.hadworked24. （2023上海普陀统考二模）Theboyandshowedusarowofwhiteteeth.A.laughB.laughedC.laughsD.islaughing25. （2023河北衡水一模）Well,everyonetakingthenotes.Nowletsgoonourclass.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.wasfinishingD.willfinish26. （2023辽宁沈阳一模）Whendidyouthenewwatch?一Well,Iitfortwoweeks.A.havebough
23、t;havehadB.bought;haveboughtC.buy;havehadD.buy;bought27. （2023河北沧州统考一模）JaCktheyardwhenIpassedby.A.cleanedB.iscleaningC.wascleaningD.cleans28. （2023湖北十堰一模）一Youlookprettybusy,howcome?Weforanofficepartynow.A.prepareB.havepreparedC.arepreparingD.werepreparing29. StudentsinGradeNineamathsexamatthistimeye
24、sterday.A.takeB.aretakingC.weretakingD.havetaken30 .-Hurryup!Onemoment.Imye-mailandthenmreadytogo.A.readB.amreadingC.wasreadingD.haveread31 .一veneverseenMr.Taylorbefore.-Dontworry.Ihimtoyoubeforethemeeting.A.willintroduceB.introducedC.haveintroducedD.hadintroduced32 .Iupat6:30everymorning.A.getB.got
25、C.willgetD.gets33 .MostofmygoodfriendswhenIattheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.hadleft;arrivedC.left;arrivedD.hadleft;hadarrived34 .Whenhewasintheshop,hefoundhehiswallet.A.lostB.haslostC.hadlostD.wouldlose35.Bytheendoflastweek,sheinthewestofChinafortwomonthshelpingthehomelesschildren.A.willstayB.hasstayed
26、C.wouldstayD.hadstayed36 .一DidyouseeMrs.Leeinthemeetingroom?一No.WhenIgotthere,sheanothermeeting.A.hadleftforB.hadlefttoC.wasleavingforD.wasleavingto37 .Youdidn,twatchthemovie?一Yes,butbythetimeItothecinema,themovieforseveralminutes.A.got;hasbegunB.got;hadbeenonC.got;hadbegunD.got;hasbeenon38.It,steny
27、earssincewecamehere一Howtimeflies!WeinChinaforsolong.A.workB.workedC.willworkD.haveworked39.StudentsinGradeNineamathsexamatthistimeyesterday.A.takeB.aretakingC.weretakingD.havetaken40.Amonhisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfishcameoutofthesea.A.willsailB.issailingC.wassailingD.hassailed二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Aser
28、iouscaraccident(happen)inthisstreetlastSunday.2. 一WhatwilltheweatherbelikethiscomingSaturday?Ihopeit(be)afinedayforourpicnic!Icantwait!3. 一Doyoulikejunkfood,Linda?Thatsmyfavorite.ThemorejunkfoodI(have),thehappierI(be).4. 一Whatdidyourmothersayaboutthis?She(say)thatshe(try)herbesttohelpmewithmyEnglish
29、nextterm.5. 一Dontgetoffthebusuntilit(stop),Tom.一Iwont,Dad.Dontworryaboutme.6. Isyourfatheradoctor?Yes,heis.He(work)intheChildrensHospital.7. -1calledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.一Oh,msorry.I(have)dinneratmyfriendsatthattime.7.1 (notread)thebookLittleWomenyet,butIllletyoureaditfirst1.1 (no
30、thear)frommyfriendsincehemovedtoShanghai.10. Thisnovelisveryinteresting.Mybrother(read)itthreetimes.11. Whenthedoorbellrang,I(chat)happilywithmygrandmaonthephone.12. Myfather(buy)thecarfiveyearsago.13. Bytheendoflastyear,I(be)totheWestHilIFarmthreetimes.14. Mom(go)outforsomeexercisebythetimeIgotup.1
31、5. We(paint)thehousebeforewemovedin.动词语态语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。本专题目的是要完全掌握被动语态的构成,能在语境中正确判断被动语态使用及时态变化。熟练掌握中考的考向及解题方法及思路。被动语态在中考中一般以单项选择题，语法选择，选词填空，完成句子出现在中考的试卷中。各省市主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，含情态动词的被动语态。考查的难点就是要判断是否要使用被动语态，这是历来学生出错的地方。判断的方法就是掌握动作的执行者和承受着这一概念。以动词do为例一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/aredone被动语态-一般过去时
32、的被动语态：was/weredone.l,i,.will/shallbedone;一般将来时的被动语态：/./.L,am/is/aregoingtobedone含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+bedone真题研析规律探寻1. （2023广州语法选择）ThislittleoneLittleSix.Hewasweakandquiet.A.calledB.wascallingC.wascalledD.werecalled【答案】C【解析】句意：这只小鸟被叫做小六。Called称呼，过去式；WaSCalIing正在叫；WaSCaHed被叫做，主语是第一人称或单数；WereCalled被叫做，主语是第二
33、人称或复数。此处FhiSIiUIeOne”与“cairt间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数。故选C。2. （2023广州完成句子）我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。Ihopeonedaymyartworksintheartgallery.【答案】willbeshown【解析】根据中英文对照可知，show表示“展出”，是动词，和主语之间是被动关系，结合“Ihopeoneday”可知，句子应用一般将来时的被动语态：willbedoneo故填Wil1；be；showno3. （2023湖北鄂州）一WhatlanguageinGermany?-MostpeoplespeakGerman,but
34、manycanspeakEnglish,too.A.speakB.isspokenC.isspeakingD.speaks【答案】B【解析】句意：一在德国说哪种语言？大多数人会说德语，但也有很多人会说英语。考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子应用一般现在时，句子主语IangUage与动词Speak存在逻辑上的被动关系，则句子采用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。4. （2023安徽）Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincetheyintoschools.A.introduceB.introduc
35、edC.areintroducedD.wereintroduced【答案】D【解析】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。考查时态和语态。SinCe引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（WeredOne）。故选D。核心提炼考向探究一：被动语态的定义口英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如：Theybuiltthishouse.他们建造了这座房子。主语they是
36、buill这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。Thehousewasbuiltbythem.这座房子是由他们建造的。主语thehouse是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。lttbe+（及物动词的）过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式。be有人称、数和时态的变化。以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下：二：被动语态的构成时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/aredone一般过去时didwas/weredone现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdo
37、ne一般将来时willZshalldowill/shallbedone现在完成时has/havedonehas/havebeendone过去完成时haddonehadbeendone过去将来时should/woulddoshould/wouldbedoneThiskindofmachineismadeinGuangzhou.这种机器是广州制造的。ThecomputerwasStolen.那台电脑被偷了。Anewroadisbeingbuiltoutsidemyhouse.我家门口正在修一条新路。Themanwasbeingquestionedbythepolice.这个人当时正在被警察盘问。Y
38、ourwallethasbeenfound.你的钱夹已经找到了。Yourwatchwillberepaired.你的表将会被修理好。2被动语态的否定句和疑问句。(I)被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如：Thesongisnotlikedbyyoungpeople.这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。(2)被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如：IsChineseusedonlyinChina?汉语只在中国使用吗？ArethesecomputersmadeintheUSA?这些电脑是美国制造的吗？Yes,theyare.是的。No,theyaren,t.不，不是的。题型特训命题预测动词语态训练by peopl
39、e of all ages.1. （2023江苏徐州）TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecharacter.ItA.islovedB.waslovedC.willloveD.isloving2. （2023江苏连云港）Whileeveryonethecomicspage,Ipickedupacopytoseewhatwassofunny.A.islaughingatB.laughedatC.laughsatD.waslaughingat3. （2023江苏镇江）WhenIwasapupil,someofmypocketmoneytobuycomicbooks.
40、A.useB.isusedC.usedD.wasused4. （2023黑龙江牡丹市）The19thAsianGamesinHangzhoufromSeptember23toOctober8,2023.A.washeldB.willholdC.willbeheld5. （2023吉林）一Theenvironmentofthistownisbetternow.一That,sbecauselotsoftreesheremanyyearsago.A.areplantedB.wereplantedC.willbeplanted6. （2023大连）TheQatarWorldCupfromNovembe
41、r21toDecember18lastyear.A.holdsB.heldC.washeldD.isheld7. （2023山东滨州）一Canhegetthefirstprizeintherace?Heso,buthehasjusthurthisleg.Ifsimpossiblenow.A.willexpecttodoB.isexpecteddoingC.hasexpecteddoingD.wasexpectedtodo8. （2023）HouYimagicmedicineforshootingdowntheninesuns,thenPangMengtriedtostealit.A.gives
42、B.hasgivenC.gaveD.wasgiven9. Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?一Firstofall,anewroad,Ithink.A.mustbuildB.hastobuildC.mustbebuiltD.hasbuilt10. ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung11. Attention,please!Allthemobilephonesduringthemeeting.A.mus
43、tbekeptoffB.arekeepingoffC.keptoffD.havekeptoff12. Manyofthestarsbecausetheyarefarawayfromus.A.maynotseeB.needn,tseeC.cannotbeseenD.mustntbeseen13. Lily,willyougotoJenny,sbirthdaypartythisSaturday?一mnotsure.BecauseIsofar.A.haveinvitedB.wasn,tinvitedC.haventbeeninvitedD.willbeinvited14. Oh,yourroomis
44、toodirty,Mike!一Sorry,Mum.Ityesterday.Iforgottodoit.A.didntcleanB.isn,tcleanedC.wascleanedD.wasn,tcleaned15. -Excuseme,sir,smokinginthegasstation.-Oh,mawfullysorry.A.doesntallowB.isallowedC.arentallowedD.isntallowed16. （2023江苏宿迁三模）一Wow!Allthebreadinthisstore.Yes.Thebreadtherealways.A.sellsout;tastesw
45、ellB.sellsout;istastedgoodC.issoldout;istastedwellD.issoldout;tastesgood17. （2023江苏宿迁三模）一MayIwatchRunningMan3thisFridayevening,mom?-Ofcourse,ifyourhomeworkbythen.A.willbefinishedB.finishesC.willfinishD.isfinished18. （2023河北廊坊二模）TheletterinFrench.Ican,treadit.A.writeB.willwriteC.iswrittenD.willbewrit
46、ten19. （2023山东荷泽二模）一CouldIrideanelectricbicycletoschool,Mr.Wang?一No,you.Studentsundertheageof16torideelectricbicycles.A.can,t;don,tallowB.can,t;arentallowedC.couldnt；shouldntallow20. （2023江苏泰州二模）一Howexciting!The19thAsianGamesinHangzhouinSeptember2023.一Yes,Ican,twaittowatchtheGaines.A.holdsB.isholdingC.washeldD.willbeheld
