《专题05构词法（讲练）（原卷版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题05构词法（讲练）（原卷版）.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、专题05构词法00词类的构成考点主要分布在语法填空中，懂得词类的构成对我们平时学习英语帮助极大。真题研析规律探寻1 .(江苏泰州)Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isworld,s(one)citytohostOlympicGamestwice.【答案】first【解析】句意：中国首都北京是世界上第个两次举办奥运会的城市。根据citytohostOlympicGamestwice”可知，此处是指第一个两次举办奥运会的城市，表示顺序用序数词first第一故填first。2 .(江苏泰州)Withthe(develop)ofhesociety,moreandmorepeople
2、devotetheirenergytocharity.【答案】development【解析】句意：随着社会的发展，越来越多的人将精力投入到慈善事业中。空格位于“the”和“。产之间，用名词形式developmcnt发展，固定短语withthedevelopmentof随着的发展故填developmento3 .(2023江苏泰州)AUdiobOokS(有声读物)aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing(rapid).【答案】rapidly【解析】句意：有声读物是如此受欢迎，听众的数量正在增加。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填ra
3、pidly。(2023深圳模)HowmuchdoyouknowaboutWushu?Wushu,alsoknownasmartialarts,isoneoftheearliest36(sport)inChina.1(usesbothbodyandbrain.What,smore,Wushuisanoutstandingexampleof37(tradition)Chineseculture.Itcanexplain38Chinesepeopleunderstandtheworld.Overitslonghistory,Wushu39(develop)intoaspecialunityofexe
4、rcise,SelrPrOteCtionandart.Asasportand40artisticform,WushuwinsgreatpopularityinChina.InShenzhen,someschoolshaveWushuclassesforkids.Everytraining41(require)studentstotakeitseriously.Onlybytraininghardcantheybuildup42(they)bodiesandmeetthechallengesinthefuture.Asacompetitivesportwithgreatfitnessvalue.
5、Wushuhasspread43(wide)acrosstheworld.BruceLeehelpedmakeWushuworld-famous.Thankstohim,theword“kungRTappearedinmanyforeignlanguagedictionaries.ManyChinesehavesetupWushuschoolsoutsideChina,providingpeople44thechancetoexperiencethefantasticsport.DuringtheHangzhouAsianGamesin2023,morepeoplewereable45(enj
6、oy)thebeautyofWushu.【答案】36.sports37.traditional38.how39.hasdeveloped40.an41.requires42.their43.widely44.with45.toenjoy37题和43题都是词形变化题37.句意：更重要的是，武术是中国传统文化的杰出代表。此处修饰名词短语ChineSeCUIuire,用形容词traditional”传统的，作定语。故填traditional。43.句意：武术作为一项极具健身价值的竞技体育项目，在世界范围内广泛传播。此处修饰动词hasspread,用副词形式。故填widelyo核心提炼考向探究（一）合
7、成法由两个或多个单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法，合成的词叫作合成词。初中阶段最常见的合成词是名词，如：homework作业notebook笔记本schoolbag书包basketball篮球football足球playground操场birthday生日postcard明信片weekend周末bathroom浴室bedroom卧室classroom教室fireman消防员policeman警察postman邮递员rainbow彩虹spaceship宇宙飞船spacesuit宇航服snowman雪人gentleman绅士其他常用的合成词：everyday每天的hard-worki
8、ng努力的online在线的outdoors在户外outside在外面anybody/anyone任何人anything任何事（物）anywhere任何地方everybody/everyone每个人everything所有事（物）everywhere处处somebody/someone某人Something某事（物）somewhere某处nobody没人nothing没有事（物）nowhere无处（二）派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1.前缀：通常变词义，不变词性常用的前缀示例dis表示否定、相反或相对，agree同意TdiSagree不同意ap
9、pear出现TdiSaPPear消失可用在动词、名词、形容词like喜欢TdiSlike不喜欢advantage优点TdiSadVantage缺点前honest诚实的dishonest不诚实的un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-表示否定意义，多用于形容词前happy开心的unhappy不开心的polite礼貌的impolitc不礼貌的correct正确的incorrect不正确的legal合法的TillegaI不合法的healthy健康的TUnhealthy不健康的possible可能的impossible不可能的regular规则的TirregUlar不规则的re-表示“重新；再”，用在动
10、词前build建造一rebuild重建cycle循环recycle再循环view观察TreVieW复习2.后缀：通常变词性(1)常用的形容词后缀常用的形容词后缀示例-able(n.v.Ta的.)表示“可以的；显示性质“accept接受acceptable可接受的drink喝；饮TdrinkabIe可饮用的comfort舒适TCOmfbrtable舒服的fashion时尚fashionable流行的value价值TVaIUable宝贵的-ful(n.adj.)表示“充满的”beauty美丽beautiftl美丽的cheer快乐cheerful快乐的success成功-successful成功的h
11、arm伤害harmful有害的-less(fi.adj.)表示“没有的”care谨慎TCareIeSS粗心的home家homeless无家可归的life生命TlifbIeSS无生命的help帮助ThelPIeSS无助的-Ous(n.一时.)表示“有性质的”danger危险TdangerOUS危险的fame名声famous有名的humor幽默-humorous幽默的-y(n.TMA)表示“有特征的cloud云-cloudy多云的rain雨rainy下雨的health健康Theahhy健康的-Iy(n.T时.)表示“有性质的“friend朋友TfriendIy友好的Iove爱IoVely可爱的da
12、y一天一daily每天的-ing-ed(v.adj.)表示“有特征的”surprise吃惊surprising令人吃惊的；surprised感到惊讶的relax放松TrelaXing令人轻松的；relaxed放松的，自在的其他形式：-ish,-ive,-en,-cm,-al等fool傻瓜TfboliSh愚套的attract吸引TallraCtiVe有吸引力的gold金子golden金的south南方TSOUthem南方的tradition传统TtraditiOnal传统的(2)常用的名词后缀常用的名词后缀示例-eror(v.n.)表示人或物drive驾驶TdriVer司机sing唱歌TSing
13、er歌手CoOk烹饪TeOoker炉具invent发明一inventor发明家work工作一worker工人SPeak说话一SPeaker发言者；扬声器contain容纳TCOntainer容器visit参观visitor游客-tion(Mw.)表示行为或结果acl行动TaCtiOn行动pollute污染TPOnUtiOn污染celebrate庆祝一celebration庆祝invent发明TinVemiOn发明introduce介绍一introduction介绍invite邀请invitation邀请-ment(v.n.)表示行为或结果agree同意Tagreement同意develop发展
14、TdeVelOPment发展achieve取得成就TaChieVement成就announce宣布TarmOUnCement公告advertise做广告TadVertiSemem广告-ness(adj.n.)happy幸福的happiness幸福sad悲伤的一sadness悲伤表示性质、状态ill生病的一illness疾病-dom(adj.n,n.)free自由的一freedom自由wise睿智的TWiSdOm智慧表示状况、领域king国王kingdom王国dead死的一death死亡true真实的一truth真相其他形式：th,ty,-ence,ance,-hood,-ist,-ian,-a
15、n,-ese等safe安全的TSafbty安全different不同的一difference差别Child小孩TChildhoOd童年music音乐一musician音乐家China中国Chinese中国人difficult困难的difficulty困难important重要的importance重要性science科学TSCiemiSt科学家Africa非洲-African非洲人(3)常用的动词后缀常用的动词后缀示例-ize(n.adj.v.)apology道歉一叩ologize道歉表示“使成为；使化”memory记忆memorize记住real真的realize认识到-fy(n.adj.v
16、.)beauty美beautify美化表示“使成为；使进入状态”simple简单的simplify简化-en(n.adj.v.)表示“使”fright恐怖frighten使惊恐short短的TShOnen缩短(4)常用的副词后缀常用的副词后缀示例-Iy(adj.adv.)careful小心的TCarefilny谨慎地表示方式、程度angry生气的Tangrny生气地-ward(s)(adv.-adv.)to朝；向一toward(三)朝着表示“向.，fore在前面TfOrWard(三)向前题型特训命题预测一、单项选择1. Which of the following words is forme
17、d in the same way as “impolite”?A. blackboardB. uncertainC. chairperson2. We form a new word in a different way from the other three.A. firefighterB. noticeboardC. impatient3. Which of the following words is formed the same way as “housework”？A. instructionB. uncertainC. cheerfulD. earthquakeD. gree
18、nhouseD. chairperson(5)常用的数词后缀常用的数词后缀示例-teen表示“十几”sixsixteen十六-ty表示“整十位数”six六TSiXIy六十-th表示“序数词”sixsixth第六(三)转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或儿种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。常见的转化示例动词T名词walkv.走路；步行walkn.散步Iusuallywalkhomeafterwork.我通常下班后步行回家。1.efsgooutforawalk.我们去外面散散步吧。名词一动词milkn.牛奶milkH挤奶Wouldyoulikemilkinyourcoffee?你想要咖啡里加奶吗
19、？Tomhelpedhismothermilkthecow.汤姆帮妈妈给牛挤奶。形容词一动词dryadj.干燥的dryv.弄干It,shotanddryhereinsummer.这里的夏季炎热干燥。Usethetoweltodryyourhands.用这条毛巾把手擦干。4. Wecanaddprefiximtothefollowingwordstoformnewwordswiththeoppositemeaning.A.honestB.correctC.commonD.partial5. Wecanputtheprefix“unbeforethefollowingwordstogivethem
20、theoppositemeaningEXCEPTA.activeB.certainC.importantD.finished6. Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentprefixtomakeithaveanoppositemeaning?A. possibleB. politeC. correctD. patient7. Shouldyouthfulheadsinvainturngrey.wewouldregretforaye.,TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“yout
21、hful”?A.disappearB.dangerousC.footprintD.impossible8. Anadultpanda100-150kilograms.Thatistosay,itsis100-150kilograms.A.weight;weightB.weighs;weighsC.weight;weighD.weighs;weight9. Heworkshardandisoften.Ihopehewillhavemoreathisbusiness.A.successful;successB.success;successfulC.successfully;successfulD
22、.successful;successful10.Whatyou,dad?Iwasthatthedogcoulddosomanyusefulthingsforthedisabled.A.surprised;surprisedB.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprisingD.surprising;surprise二、用词的适当形式填空1. Hehithishand(heavy)againstthewall.2. 一Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.It,s(possible)tosleepw
23、ithallthatnoise.2.1 askedhimtohelpmebuthe(agree).4. Someinsectsareandweshouldtrynottokillthem,(harm)5. Therearemanyforeign(visit)inourschooltoday.6. ItsverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishwithgreat.(patient)7. Poorlittlegirl!Itisforhertosuffersomuch.Let,sgiveherahand,(fair)8. Ifwedonttakeactiontoprote
24、cttheforests,theywillsoon.(appear)9. Mozartwasafamous(music)intheworld.10. 1.iJunwas(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.11. Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe(discuss).12. Hismotherisanurseandhisfatherisa(manage).13. Themanfoundhimself(able)towalkandfelthopeless.14. Amyisa(n)(usual)womanfromAmerica.S
25、heisafamousartistnow.15. It,s(pleasant)toseesomuchsmoginthesky.1.1 1wanttobeafiremaninthefuture,butmyparents(agree).Theywantmetobecomeadoctor.17. Thereisalotof(pollute)inthisriver.18. Theyarejustkidding.Don,ttakeit(serious).19. Shethinksagoodfriendmustknowher(true).20. Heinventedamachinetopeopleinwh
26、eelchairstogoupthestairs,(able)21. Asweallknow,thinkingisreallyimportanttostudents,(dependent)22. Most(west)peoplelikeeatingfastfood.23. Howthosepeopledeeplyinfluencedbywarswishtolive(peace)!24. Myfatherkeepsdiariestorememberhis(day)life.25. Itwas(sun)yesterday,butthereismuchraintoday.26. Youcanfind
27、those(climb)namesonthehomepageofourclub.27. Alotof(art)performplays,concertsandoperasthere.28. Therearefourgirlsintheshop.(Germany)29. Sheworks(careful)inherschool.29.1 knowheis(aware)ofhismistakebecausehestillactsinthesameoldway.31. WeallliveinaplacetheEarth,(beauty)32. Noonewaswillingtohelptheoldm
28、anandhefelt(help).33. Someoneissingingatthebackofthehall,(loud)34. 一AreyouabletofixtheTVMike?一No,m(certainly)thatIcandoitmyself.35. Whenyoumakea(decide),youmustbecareful.36. Your(suggest)isofgreatvalueandisreallyworthtaking.Thankyousomuch!37. Hewastiredoutthathefoundhimself(able)tomoveoutofthehotel.
29、38. Becauseofthewolf,everyoneinthetownisfeeling.(easy)39. Hewrotelotsofbooksforyoungpeople,(science)1. .1havegotaheadache,soIiel(comfortable)now.41. Maryisan(Australia)girl,sosheknowsalotaboutkoalas.42. Allthedriversmustremember(safe)isfirst.43. Hedidntact(normal)yesterdayandhehadfewwordsthewholeaft
30、ernoon.44. Weshouldhelpthe(able)people.Lifeishardforthem.45. WhenIhelpothers,Ihaveastrong(feel)ofsatisfaction.46. Thanksverymuchforyour(kind).47. Thanksforyour(invite),butIdon,thavetimetotheparty.48. Hecookedthesoupbyputtingintoomuch.(salty)49. Thetiredstudentsarrivedatthecampsite.(final)50. Weoften
31、seesomepeopleinthestreetinsomepoorcountries,(home)51. MytriptotheUKis(education).52. Heshoutedatagirl.How(polite)hewas!53. Thetwo(travel)weretrapped(被困)onthemountainbytheterriblestorm.54. Sheisanexcellent(cooker).Welikeherdishesverymuch.55. WherecanIeammoreabouttheWestLakeinHangzhou?(tour)56. Thesay
32、sguestsshouldweareveningdresstotheparty,(invite)57. Thiswasavery(use)lessonforher.58. His(ill)wasmoreseriousthanthedoctorfirstthought.59. 1.ook!HowKateislaughing!(happy)60. Thelittlegirsfaceturnedredbecauseofher.(shy)61. ICsverytoplaythesocceronthestreet,(danger)62. Therewerenotmanypeopleinthesuperm
33、arket,soitwas.(crowd)63. 1.iMinggoestoseehisgrandparentsata(fix)dateeverymonth.1. .1can,tunderstandthe(mean)ofallthenewwords.65. MsZhangisourEnglish(leach).She(teach)uswell.66. Weweretouchedbytheofthewelcome,(warm)67. Thetwoboysliketowritestoriesandwanttobe(report)68. Theweatherwas(fair)finesowecoul
34、dgocampingyesterday.69. Theofthatbridgeisover200metres,(long)70. MysisterfeltsosadtofindthatitwastocleanherfavouriteT-shirt,(hope)71. (lucky)becausewedidn,tpassthemathtestyesterday.72. Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillbe(success).73. Parentsoftenfeel(help),knowingthatalltheeffortswontimprovetheirchilds
35、study.74. (sudden)Alicefellintoaholeinthegroundyesterday.75. Many(visit)cametothehometownofthegreatmanduringthevacation.76. Alltheseinterestingexperimentscanourknowledge,(wide)77. Manystudentsget(sleep)afteradayofclasses.78. Theywentintothebedroom(quiet).79. Themeasureisnot(suit)forthefarmers.80. It
36、,scoolandsunnytoday.It,sa(relax)day.81. Shelikesverymuchandshewantstobean(art).82. Theredboxisthe(heavy)ofthefive.83. Manypeopleknowthatthezipperisagreat(invent)inourdailylife.84. Atruefriendcanhelpyougetoutof(sad)whenyou,reunhappy.85. Manypopstarsdislikebeingasked(person)questionsinpublic.86. JimsE
37、nglishmagazineisntas(interest)asthatone.87. Youshouldmakeanapologytoherforyour(careless).1. .1thinkfriendshipismuch(value)thanmoney.89. Pandaiskindof(love)animal,Ilikeitverymuch.90. Itistoeatlotsofchocolatebeforethemainmeals,(health)91. Hepractices(care)thisweekthanlastweek.92. WuJingisawell-known(d
38、irect).Heispopularamongfilmlovers.93. Tomydisappointment,thenewmovieisso(meaning).94. Pleasemakea(decide)tochoosewhichoneisthebest.95. Theplanisnotanew(discover),it,sbeenknownforyears.96. Itwillbeagood(choose)totakethehigh-speedtraintoYanchengfromSuqiannextyear.97. Everychildwantstobethe(proud)ofthe
39、irparents.98. Ifyoudon,thaveadeeploveforsomething,don,tbe(satisfy)untilyoufindone.99. Wildanimalswhicharenowindangerneedour(protect).100. Themanisstillan(know)writer,butheissuretobefamous.IOLNothingisawasteifwehavea(create)mind.102. Theteachertoldustopayattentionto(spell)Englishwords.103. Eachofussp
40、okeatthemeeting(active).104. His(know)ofEnglishisverylimited.105. Everyoneisbornwiththetoleam.(able)106. Withthehelpoftheteacher,therehasbeenagreatinherspokenEnglish,(improve)107. Wouldyoutellmethe(pronounce)ofthenewword?108. Youcantloseyourwithher;instead,youshouldbewithher.(patient)109. TheSpringF
41、estivalisoneofthemostimportant(tradition)festivalsinChina.110. TheStoryofWhiteSnakeissothatallofusare.(touch)11l.The(die)ofTom,spctmadehimrathersad.112 .Thegametellschildrenthe(important)ofsharingloveandjoy.113 .What,stheofdoingthat?Hcisnotsogenerous,heisaman.(mean)114 .Theboylaughed(excite)afterheh
42、eardthegoodnews.115 .Englishisdifficultforme.Canyougivemesome7(suggest)116 .This5-year-oldboyhassuchagoodsenseof(direct)thathenevergetslost.117 .Myteacherpointedoutthewrongchoiceofinmycomposition,(express)118 .TheUKisanoldcountry,wheretherearemanypalacesandcastles.(Europe)119 .Chinaisancountry,andwe
43、comefrom.(Asia)120 .The(local)oftheJoyCityisverygood.ItisclosetotheWildGoosePagoda.121 .Thehotelhadagreat(celebrate)foritsopening.122 .Thebookisbasedon(history)events.123 .GoodhobbiescanalwaysbringUS(happy).124 .Youcanseelotsof(nation)flagsflyingoverthesquare.125 .Thebookdescribeswherethefinestteale
44、aves(produce).1.1 .1cantstandthenoisehere.It,stoo(noise)andlet,sfindaquietplace.127 .Thecompanyisaworld(lead)inelectricalgoods.128 .Theoldmangaveawayallhismoneytosupport(medicine)research.129 .(history)believedStonehengewasatemplewhereancientleaderstriedtocommunicatewiththegods.130.1preferthemovieis
45、thathasahappy(end).131 .The(pain)expressiononherfacesuggestedthatshehadknownthesadnews.132 .Jerryplayedtheguitarontheshow,andhis(perform)wassowonderfulthatpeoplecheeredhappily.133 .Thevisitorsfeltafterthevacation.(relax)134 .Thebookprovides(value)adviceforteenagers.135 .Mikesfatherisa(bank).Heworksi
46、nabigbank.136 .WinningthegoldmedalattheOlympicGamesbroughthim(famous).137 .Theyareworkingtomeasurethereal(weigh)oftheelephant.138 .Afterthediscussion,wereachedan(agree)thatwewouldvisittheoldpeopleonceamonth.139 .Youmustlearnhowtocontrolyour(feel)atyourage.140 .Aftertheaccident,theoldmanwasluckytobe.(live)141 .Kobepassedawayaccidentally.Hereadthenewsinoverandoveragain,(believe)142 .Teachers,Dayiscoming.We,regoingtoholda(celebrate)forourteachers.1.1 .1wasveryexcitedwhenthe(announce)thatIwasthewinnerofthecompetit
