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1、美国名人中学教员记者和杂志编辑薇拉凯瑟WillaCather,1873-1947:SheCelebratedEuropeansWhoSettledintheAmericanMidwestplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:37repeatByRichardThorman2008-10-4VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmTonyRiggswithPeopleinAmerica.TodaywetellaboutwriterWillaCather.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Thesecondhalfofthenineteen
2、thcenturybroughtmajorchangestotheUnitedStates.Fromitsearliestdays,Americahadbeenanagriculturalsociety.ButaftertheendoftheCivilWarineighteenSiXty-five,thecountrybecameincreasinglyindustrial.Andasthepopulationgrew,Americabecamelessunified.A代errailroadslinkedtheAtlanticcoastwiththePacificcoast,thehugeM
3、iddleWestofthecountrywasopentosettlement.ThepeoplewhocamewerealmostallfromEurope.TherewereSwedesandNorwegians,PolesandRussians,BohemiansandGermans.Manyofthemfailedintheirnewhome.Somefledbacktotheiroldhomeland.Butthosewhosufferedthroughthefreezingwintersandtheburningsummersandthefailedcropsbecamethen
4、ewpioneers.TheywerethemenandwomencelebratedbytheAmericanwriterWillaCather.VOICETWO:WillaCatherCathersbeststoriesareaboutthesepioneers.Shetoldwhattheysoughtandwhattheygained.Shewroteoftheirdifficultrelationswiththosewhofollowed.Andshedevelopedawayofwriting,bothbeautifulandsimple,thatmadeherapioneer,t
5、oo.Formanywomeninthenineteenthcentury,writingnovelswasjustoneofthethingstheydid.ForWillaCather,writingwasherlife.VOICEONE:WillaCatherwasborninthesouthernstateofVirginiaineighteenseventy-three.Attheageofeight,herfamilymovedtothenewstateofNebraskaintheMiddleWest.SheandNebraskagrewuptogether.Willalived
6、inthesmalltownofRedCloud.Asachildsheshowedwritingability.And,shewashelpedbygoodteachers,whowereuncommoninthenewfrontierstates.Fewwomenofhertimewenttoauniversity.WillaCathechowever;wenttotheUniversityofNebraska.Shewrotefortheuniversityliterarymagazine,amongherotheractivities.Shegraduatedfromtheuniver
7、sityineighteenninety-five.VOICETWO:MostAmericanwritersofhertimelookedtotheeasternUnitedStatesastheculturalcenterofthecountry.Itwasaplacewhereexcitingthingswerepossible.ItwasanescapefromtheflatnessofthelandandcultureoftheMiddleWest.Fromeighteenninety-sixtonineteen-oh-oneCatherworkedforthePittsburghDa
8、ilyLeadernewspaper.ItwasinPennsylvania,notNewYork,butitwasfarthereastthanNebraska.Catherbegantopublishstoriesandpoemsinnineteenhundred.AndshebecameanEnglishteacherinnineteen-oh-one.Forfiveyears,shetaughtEnglishatPittsburghCentralHighSchoolandatnearbyAlleghenyHighSchool.Shepublishedherfirstbookinnine
9、teen-oh-three.Itwasabookofpoetry.TwoyearslatershepublishedabookofstoriescalledTheTrollGarden.VOICEONE:TheownerofaNewYorkmagazine,S.S.McLurezreadherstories.HeaskedhertocometoNewYorkCityandworkasaneditoratMcLure1SMagazine.Shewasfinallyintheculturalcapitalofthecountry.Shestayedwiththemagazinefromninete
10、en-oh-sixtonineteentwelve.OneofthepeoplewhoinfluencedhertoleavethemagazinewastheAmericanwomanwriter,SarahOrneJewett.JewettadvisedCathertowriteonlyfictionandtodealwiththeplacesandcharacterssheknewbest.Jewettsaiditwastheonlywaytowriteanythingthatwouldlast.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InnineteentwelveWillaCatherpub
11、lishedherfirstnovel,AlexandersBridge.Bythattime,Catherhadenoughfaithinherselftoleavemagazineworkanduseallhertimetowritefiction.SherememberedJewettsadviceandturnedtothelandandpeoplesheknewbest,thefarmersoftheMiddleWest.InRedCloudshehadlivedamongBohemians,French-CanadianszGermans,Scandinavians,andothe
12、rimmigrants.ShesawthatthemixtureofallthesenewAmericansproducedanewsociety.Therewasnothingbutland,shewrote.Notacountryatall,butthematerialoutofwhichcountriesaremade.Itwasthismaterialsheusedtocreateherbooks.VOICEONE:1.ikeallgoodwriters,shewantedhernovelstoshowtheworldshedescribed,notjusttellaboutit.La
13、terinherlife,shedescribedthewayshewrote.Shecalleditnovelswithoutfurniture.Whatshemeantwasthatsheremovedfromhernovelseverythingthatwasnotnecessarytotellthestory.Fictioninthenineteenthcenturywasfilledwithsocialdetail.Ithadpagesofdescriptionandcommentsbytheauthor.Catherdidnotwritethisway.Shelookedtothe
14、pastforherideas,butshedrewfromthepresentforherart.AyearafterAlexandersBridge,Catherpublishedhersecondnovel.ItwasthefirstofherbookstotakeplaceintheMiddleWest.ItiscalledOPioneers.Itestablishedherasoneofthebestwritersofhertime.OPioneerstellsthestoryofthefirstsmallgroupsofBohemians,Czechs,French,Russian
15、s,andSwedeswhosetabouttoconquertheland.Cathersaidtheyactedasiftheywereanaturalforce,asstrongorstrongerthannature.Shesaidtheywerepeoplewhoownedthelandforalittlewhilebecausetheylovedit.Spring,summer;autumn,winter,spring,Catherwrote.Alwaysthesamefield.trees.Jives.VOICETWO:Cathersheroesarepioneers,settl
16、ersofunknownorunclaimedland.Theyalsoarepioneersofthehumanspirit.Theyare,Cathersaid,thepeoplewhowoulddreamgreatrailroadsacrossthecontinent.Yetshesawsomethingmoreinthem.Itwassomethingpermanentwithinaworldofcontinuouschange.Asenseoforderinwhatappearedtobedisorder.InCathersmind,herwritingsabouttheMiddle
17、West,herprairieyears,becameawaytoshowapprovalofthevictoryoftraditionalvaluesagainstcountlessdifficulties.Thefighttoremainhumanandinlovewithlifeinspiteofeverythinggivesthepeopleinherstoriespurposeandcalm.VOICEONE:WillaCathercontinuedtowriteaboutthesenewpioneersinTheSongoftheLarkinnineteenfifteen.Shef
18、ollowedthatwiththenovelthatmanyconsiderherbest,MyAntonia.Bythenineteentwenties,however;herstoriesbegantochange.Shesawmoredefeats,fewervictories.Shebegantowrite-notaboutgreatdreams-butaboutthesmallnessofmansvision.Shemournedforthelossofvaluesotherswouldnevermiss.WillaCathernevermarried.Shebeganliving
19、withanotherwomanfromNebraskainnineteen-oh-eight.TheylivedtogetheruntilCatherdied.Innineteentwenty-two,Cathersufferedanervousbreakdown.Anumberofthingscausedhercondition.Herhealthwasnotgood.Shewasunhappywithherpublisher.And,shewasangryaboutthechangesinsocietybroughtbynewtechnology.Innineteentwenty-thr
20、ee,CatherwrotethelastofherNebraskanovels,ALostLady.Twoyearslatersheproducedanothernovel,TheProfessorsHouse.Itwasclearbythenthatshewasmovinginadifferentdirection.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Hernexttwonovels,DeathComesfortheArchbishop/andShadowsintheRock/takeplaceinthedistantpast.Theyarestoriesaboutheroicfailure.
21、DeathComesfortheArchbishoptakesplaceintheAmericanSouthwestinthesixteenthcentury.ItdescribestheexperiencesoftwopriestswhoaresenttowhatbecameNewMexico.Theactionisinthepast.ButtheplaceisonethatCatherfeltalwayswouldremainthesame-thedesertsoftheAmericanSouthwest.Whereherearlierbooksdescribedapersonssearc
22、hforsolidground,thesebooksdescribethesolidgrounditself.Theycamefromadeepunhappinesswithmodernlife.VOICEONE:AlthoughCatherturnedawayfrommodernlife,shewasverymuchamodernwriter.Herwritingbecameincreasinglyimportanttoanewgroupofwriters-ErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,andJohnDosPassos.Neartheendofherli
23、feshewrote:Nothingreallymattersbutliving.Getallyoucanoutofit.Iamanoldwoman,andIknow.Sometimespeopledisappointus.Andsometimeswedisappointourselves.Butthethingistogorightonliving.WillaCatherwentrightonlivinguntiltheageofseventy-four.Shediedinnineteenforty-seven.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.mTonyRiggs.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
