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1、SaltWedonotknowwhenfirstbegantousesalt,/butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysIhroUghoUlhistory./Historicalevidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedover3000yearsagoatesaltedfish./ThousandsofyearsagoinEgypt,saltwasusedtopreservethedead./Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeduringsomeperiods
2、ofhistory./In18thcentury,forinstance,/ifapersonwascaughtstealingsalt,hecanbeputinjail./Historyrecordsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinjailduringthatcenturyforstealingsalt!/About150yearsbefore,intheyear1553,/takingmoresaltthanonewasallowedtowaspunishableasacrime./Theoffender,searwascutoff./Saltwasa
3、nimportantitemonthetableofroyalty./Itwastraditionallyplacedinfrontofthekingwhenhesatdowntoeat./Importantguestsattheking,stablewereseatednearthesalt./1.essimportantguestsweregivenseatsfartherawayfromit./(175words)Score:9/15Accumulatedminormistakes:-3Teacher-StudentRelationshipTherelationshipbetweenat
4、eacherandastudentcanbeeithergoodorbad,helpfulorharmful./Eitherway,therelationshipcanaffectthestudentfortherestofhislife./Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipwillmaketheteacher,sjobworthwhile./Abadrelationshipcandiscouragethestudentfromlearning/andmaketeachinganunpleasanttask./Inordertohaveagoodteacher-s
5、tudentrelationship,/respectbetweenteacherandstudentisveryimportant./Iftheteacheristoostrict,hefrightensthestudent./Iftheteacheristoofriendly,thestudentmaybecomelazyandstoplearninghard./Theteacher,sattitudeandapproachshouldbeinbetweenthosetwoextremes./Asforthestudent,hisproperrespecttotheteachermustb
6、eshownallthetime./Heshouldbeeagertolearnandwillingtoworkhard./Inconclusion,agoodteacher-studentrelationshipcanbebeneficialtoboth./Thestudentabsorbsknowledgeeagerlyandenjoyable,/andtheteachergainssatisfactionfromhiswork./(163words)BalloonsBalloonshavebeenusedforsportforaboutonehundredyears./Therearet
7、wokindsofsportballoons:gasandhotair.ZHotairballoonsaresaferthangasballoons/whichmaycatchfire./HotairballoonsarepreferredbymostballoonistsintheUnitedStatesbecauseoftheirsafety./Theyarealsocheaperandeasiertomanagethangasballoons./Despitetheeaseofoperatingaballoon,/pilotsmustwatchtheweathercarefully./S
8、portballoonflightsarebestearlyinthemorning/orlateintheafternoon,whenthewindislight./Overtheyears,balloonistshavetriedunsuccessfullytocrosstheAtlantic./Itwasntuntil1978thatthreeAmericanballoonistssucceeded.ZIttookthemjustsixdaystomakethetrip/fromtheirhomesintheUnitedStatestoParis,France./Theirvoyagec
9、apturedtheimaginationofthewholeworld.(143words)Item4Thewayyoulookatsomeone/conveysimportantculturalmessages./Withoutyourevenknowingit,/yourgazespeaksvolumes./44Theeyesarethewindowofthesoul,7accordingtotheoldsaying./Staringisacceptableinsomecultures/butnotinothers./Awinkcanmeanacomplimentoraninsult,/
10、dependingontheculture./Adirectgazecanbeasignofhonesty/oranindicationofdisrespectandrudeness,/accordingtotheculturethatsurroundsthegazer./Thewayapersongazesthusexpressesastrongmessage/butthismessagecanbeeasilymisunderstood/ifculturalnormsarenotshared.Item5Thistimeoftheyear/Americansspendlotsoftimesho
11、ppingforholidaygifts/fortheirfamilymembersandfriends./Manypeoplevisitalotofstores/inlargeshoppingcenterstobuytheirgifts./Othersordergoodsbytelephonefromcatalogues,/themagazinesthatoffercompanysproducts./AndmanyaredoingtheirholidayshoppingontheInternet./IndustryexpertssayAmericanbusinesses/shouldhave
12、about184thousandmilliondollarsinsales/duringNovemberandDecember./Sixty-threepercentofpeoplewhousetheInternet/saytheyexpecttobuyatleastsomegiftsthere./TownandCountry1.ifeinEnglandThereisabigdifferencebetweentownlifeandcountrylifeinEngland.Inthecountry,everybodyknowseverybodyelse.Theyknowwhattimeyouge
13、tup,whattimeyougotobedandwhatyouhavefordinner.Ifyouwanthelp,youwillalwaysgetitandyouwillbegladtohelpothers.Inalargetownlike1.ondon,however,itcansometimeshappenthatyouhaveneverseenyournextdoorneighborandyoudonotknowhisnameoranythingabouthim.Peoplein1.ondonareoftenverylonely.Thisisbecausepeoplegotodif
14、ferentplacesintheeveningsandatweekends.Ifyouwalkthroughthestreetsinthecentreof1.ondononSunday,itislikeatownwithoutpeople.Oneissorryforoldpeoplelivingontheirown.Theycoulddieintheirhomesandwouldnotbediscoveredforweeksorevenmonths.AChangeinWomen,s1.ifeTheimportantchangeinwomen,slife-patternhasonlyrecen
15、tlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen,seconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.However,whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen,manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendto
16、marryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisbom.Verymanymoreafterwardsreturntofull-timeorpart-timework.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylifeandwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreeq
17、uallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestsofeachofthem.APopularPastimeoftheEnglishPeopleOneofthebestmeansofunderstandingthepeopleofanynationiswatchingwhattheydowiththeirnon-workingtime.MostEnglishmen,womenandchildrenlovegrowingthings,especiallyflowers.VisitorstoEn
18、glandinspring,summer,orautumnarelikelytoseegardensallthewayalongtherailwaylines.Thereareflowersattheairportsandflowersinfactorygrounds,aswellasingardensalongtheroads.EachEnglishtownhasatleastoneparkwithbeautifullykeptflowerbeds.Publicbuildingsofeverykindhavebrilliantwindowboxesandsometimesbasketsoff
19、lowersarehangingonthem.ButwhattheEnglishenjoymostisgrowingthingsthemselves.Ifitisimpossibletohaveagarden,thenawindowboxorsomethinggrowinginapotwilldo.1.ookingateachother,sgardensisapopularpastimewiththeEnglish.BritishandAmericanPoliceOfficersRealpolicemen,bothinBritainandtheU.S.,hardlyrecognizeanyco
20、mmonpointsbetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV-iftheyevergethomeintime.Somethingsarealmostthesame,ofcourse,butthepolicemendonotthinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman,sreallifedealswiththelaw.Mostofwhathelearnsisthelaw.Hehastoknowactuallywhatactionsareagainstthelawandwhatfactscanbeusedtopr
21、ovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasalawyer,andwhat,smore,hehastoputitintopracticeonhisfeet,inthedarkand,runningdownanarrowstreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.1.ittleofhistimeisspentintalkingwithbeautifulgirlsorinbravelyfacingcruelcriminals.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifearrangingmillionsofword
22、sonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,ordinarypeoplewhoareguilty-ornotofstupid,unimportantcrimes.UsefulWordsandExpressionsthinkmuchof重视，敬重incourt在法庭上guilty罪犯,犯罪者guiltylook犯罪的，有罪的theguiltyparty犯罪一方aguiltyconscience犯罪感haveaguiltyconscience问心有愧；做贼心虚befoundguilty被判决有罪beguiltyofacrime犯了罪1.ivingSpaceHowmu
23、chlivingspacedoesapersonneed?Whathappenswhenhisspaceneedsarenotmet?Scientistsaredoingexperimentsonratstotrytodeterminetheeffectsofovercrowdedconditionsonman.Recentstudieshaveshownthatthebehaviourofratsisgreatlyaffectedbyspace.Ifratshaveenoughlivingspace,theyeatwell,sleepwellandproducetheiryoungwell.
24、Butiftheirlivingconditionsbecometoocrowded,theirbehaviourandeventheirhealthchangeobviously.Theycannotsleepandeatwell,andsignsoffearandworrybecomeclear.Themorecrowdedtheyare,themoretheytendtobiteeachotherandevenkilleachother.Thus,forrats,populationandviolencearedirectlyrelated.Isthisanaturallawforhum
25、ansocietyaswell?Isenoughspacenotonlysatisfactory,butnecessaryforhumansurvival?Theseareinterestingquestions.UsefulWordsandExpressionsdetermine测定；决心；决意determinethevelocity测定速度Hedeterminedtogo他决意要去。IamdeterminedtodobetterthanMike.我决心比迈克做得更好。tendto有某种倾向；有的趋势Hetendstopitchtheballtoohigh.他往往把球球掷得过高。People
26、understresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.处于压力下的人简单发挥自己全部的潜力。Survival生存TheUnitedNationsIn1945,representativesof50nationsmettoplanthisorganization.ItwascalledtheUnitedNations.Afterthewar,manymorenationsjoined.TherearetowmajorpartsoftheUnitedNations.Oneiscalledthe1（联合国大会）.IntheGeneralAssembly,
27、everymembernationisrepresentedandhasanequalvote.ThesecondpartiscalledtheSecurityCouncil.Ithasrepresentativesofjust15nations.Fivenationsarepermanent（永久的）members:theUnitedStates,Russia,France,Britain,andChina.The10othermembersareelectedeverytwoyearsbytheGeneralAssembly.Themajorjobofthe（联合国平安理事会）istoke
28、eppeaceintheworld.Ifnecessary,itcansendtroops（军队）frommembernationstotrytostoplittlewarsbeforetheyturnintobigones.ItishardtogetthenationsoftheSecurityCounciltoagreeonwhenthisisnecessary,buttheydidvotetotrytostopwars.PlasticWeuseplasticwraptoprotectourfoods.Weputourgarbageinplasticbagsorplasticcans.We
29、sitonplasticchairs,playwithplastictoys,drinkfromplasticcupsandwashourhairswithshampoofromplasticbottles.Plasticdoesnotgrowinnature.Itismadebymixingcertainthingstogether;Wecallitproducedormanufacturedmaterial.Plasticwasfirstmadein1860sfromplants,suchaswoodandcotton.Thatplasticwassoftandburnedeasily.T
30、hefirstmodernplasticsweremadein1930s.Mostclearplasticstartsoutasthick,blackoil.Thatplasticcoatinginsideapanbeginsasnaturalgas.Overtheyears,hundredsofdifferentplasticshavebeendeveloped.Somearehardandstrong.Somearesoftandbendable.Someareclear.Somearemany-colored.Thereisaplasticforalmosteveryneed.Scien
31、tistscontinuetoexperimentwithplastics.Theyhopetofindevenwaystousethem.UsefulWordsandExpressions:shampoo洗发精bendable可弯曲的experimentwith用做试验DisplayofGoodsAresupermarketsdesignedtopersuadeustobuymore?Freshfruitandvegetablesaredisplayednearsupermarketentrances.Thisgivestheimpressionthatonlyhealthyfoodisso
32、ldintheshop.Basicfoodsthateveryonebuys,likesugarandtea,arenotputneareachother.Theyarekeptindifferentaisles,socustomersaretakenpastotherattractivefoodsbeforetheyfindwhattheywant.Inthisway,shoppersareencouragedtobuyproductsthattheydonotreallyneed.Sweetsareoftenplacedatchildrenseyelevelatthecheckout.Wh
33、ileparentsarewaitingtopay,childrenreachforthesweetsandputtheminthetrolley.Moreisboughtfromafifteen-footdisplayofonetypeofproductthanfromaten-footone.Customersalsobuymorewhenshelvesarefullthanwhentheyarehalfempty.Theydonotliketobuyfromshelvesarefullthanwhentheyarehalfempty.Theydonotliketobuyfromshelv
34、eswithfewproductsonthembecausetheyfeelthereissomethingwrongwiththoseproductsthatarethere.UsefulWordsandExpressions:1. aisle走廊,过道2. trolley手推车3. checkout收款台AlbertEinsteinAlbertEinsteinwasbominGermanyin1879.Hisfatherownedafactorythatmadeelectricaldevices.Hismotherenjoyedmusicandbooks.HisparentswereJew
35、ishbuttheydidnotobservemanyofthereligion,srules.Albertwasaquietchildwhospentmuchofhistimealone.Hewasslowtotalkandhaddifficultylearningtoread.WhenAlbertwasfiveyearsold,hisfathergavehimacompass.Thechildwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirection-tothenorth.He
36、askedhisfatherandhisunclewhatcausedtheneedletomove.Theiranswersaboutmagnetismandgravityweredifficultfortheboytounderstand.Yethespentalotoftimethinkingaboutthem.Hesaidlaterthathefeltsomethinghiddenhadtobebehindthings.UsefulWordsandExpressions:device装置，设置compass指南针magnetism磁力/magneticPrivateCarsWithth
37、eincreaseinthegeneralstandardofliving,someordinaryChinesefamiliesbegintoaffordacar.Yetopinionsofthedevelopmentofaprivatecarvaryfrompersontoperson.Itgivesamuchgreaterdegreeofcomfortandmobility.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransport,andhencenoirritationcausedbywaitingforbusesortaxis.How
38、ever,othersstronglyobjecttodevelopingprivatecars.Theymaintainthatasmoreandmorecarsareproducedandruninthestreet,alargevolumeofpoisonousgaswillbegivenoff,pollutingtheatmosphereandcausingactualharmtothehealthofpeople.WhetherprivatecarsshouldbedevelopedinChinaisadifficultquestiontoanswer,yetthedesireoft
39、hecomfortandindependenceaprivatecarcanbringwillnotbeeliminated.UsefulWordsandExpressions:mobility机动性hence因此，从今irritation生气volume量eliminate消退Item6IOCInternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥林匹克委员会NATIONA1.O1.YMPICCOMMIT!Ill：1.ausanne01BacityofwesternSwitzerlandonthenorthernshoreof1.akeGeneva洛桑OCeallia()P*a*同1
40、1VNNp大洋洲TheOlympicCharter奥林匹克宪章chartern.astatementoftheprinciples,duties,andpurposesofanorganization宪章OlympicMuseumandStudiesCenter奥运会博物馆和奥运会训练中心postern.alargeprintednotice,picture,orphotograph,usedtoadvertisesomethingorasadecoration海报，布告，标语sculpturen.anobjectmadeoutofstone,wood,clayetc.byanartist雕亥
41、？I,雕亥(品，雕塑，雕塑品Tapescript:IOCstandsforinternationalOlympicCommittee,whichgovernstheOlympicsingeneral.ItwasfoundedinParison23June1894.ItsheadquartersareintheSwisscityof1.ausanne.ItsofficiallanguagesareEnglishandFrench.IOCmemberscomefromfivedifferentcontinents-Africa,America,Asia,EuropeandOceania.Theyc
42、hooseOlympiccitiessixyearsinadvance.AlltheOlympicmovementsrulesarecontainedinabookcalledTheOlympicCharter.There,sanOlympicMuseumandStudiesCenterin1.ausanne.Itcontainsposters,documents,medals,books,photos,paintings,filmsandsculptures.ItemSevenPedeStrianp同a11l.Np:apersontravelingonfoot;awalker行人thedea
43、thtoll死亡率Therearefartoomanyroadaccidentsinthiscountry,toomanydeathsandtoomanypeopleinjured.Onewonderswhoaremosttoblame,driversorpedestrians.Somepeoplesaythattheblamecannotbeputfairlywithoutconsideringthestateoftheroadsandthewholetransportsystem.Ontheotherhand,manyexpertsareconvincedthatthelargerpart
44、oftheblameforthedeathtollmustbeputonpersonsandpersonsalone.Tobefair,pedestrians,driversandroadconditionsarealltoblame.Onelooksforwardtothedaywhenthemotor-carhasbeenreplacedbysomelessdangerousmeansoftransport.ItemEightfossilfuel矿物燃料molecule同eN（jer+R故图。中由n.化分子hydrogen同笈N口飞令p11.氢Cart）On伍j卷,（Qpn.化碳crude
45、oil原油sourSWeetSUIfUr同）Rpn.化硫磺impurityNO图er1中Wn.杂质Petroleumhasbeenimportantsinceancienttimes.In1.atin,thenamemeansttrockoil.”Petroleumisafossilfuel.Theliquidcomesfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Theseremainswereburieddeepbelowlevelsofrockovertimeandundergreatpressure.Thisgeo
46、logicalprocesscreatedcomplexmoleculesofhydrogenandcarbon.Oilcanalsocontainotherelements.Crudeoil,orunprocessedpetroleum,iscalledsourwhenitcontainsalotofsulfur,animpurity.Sourcruderequiresmorerefiningthansweetcrude,whichisOfIenmOrevaIUable（与通常更有价值的脱硫油相比，含硫原油须要更多的提炼步骤。）ItemNinehaltMb国*vt.便停止malariaOas
47、,C*Hn.疟疾InSeptemberof2000,worldleadersseteightgoalsforbringingmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty.ThesebecameknownastheUnitedNationsmillenniumdevelopmentgoals.Amongthem:cutinhalfthenumberofpeoplelivingonlessthanonedollaradayandhaltthespreadofAIDSandmalaria.Thegoalsalsoincludeimprovingsurvivalratesforpregna
48、ntwomenandyoungchildren,andeducatingallchildren.Workingforequalitybetweenwomenandmenanddealingwithenvironmentalneedslikesafewateralsoareincluded.Thetargetdateforreachingthegoalsis2015.ItemTeneclipse为（jN口Hn.日蚀，月蚀Onewaytothinkabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttime.Therecouldbenomovement,becausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparated.Aworldwithouttimecouldexistonlyaslongastherewerenochanges.Fortimeandchangearelinked.Weknowthattimehaspassedwhensomethingchanges.Intherealworldtheworldwithtimechangesneverstop.Somechangeshappenonlyonceinawhile,likeaneclipseofthemoon.Othershappenrepe
