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1、TableofContentsIntroductiontoHyperWorksDesktopCustomizationChaPter1:IntrOdUCtiOntoTC1.7AbOInTC1.7AbOiJtTk8BascTelSVnlaX8TC1.COmrnandOVefVteW8TkBaSiCCOmmandS23ChaPter2:HVPerWOrkSDeSktOPEnVironment29TheHyDerWorkSDeSktoD29TheCommand1.aVer31EXerCiSe2.1ChanQinQIheClientTVDeUSingtheCB1U11andWindowPraCtiCa
2、lEXerCiSeS4243ChaPter3:TheCOmmand1.aYerEXPIOredCommanClCateaOrieS43BaSiCCOmmandS44WOrkIntlWithHandIeS46EXerCiSe3BaSiCCommandSandWorkinqWimHandleS49PraCtiCalExercises54ChaPter4:TheAnirnatiOnClient55AnimauOnWindow55EXerCiSe4.11.OaClinaaModelandReSUltSFiIe59MOdelObieCt61EXerCiSe4.2WorkinQWlththeModelOb
3、ect67PraCtiCalEXerCiSeS71ChaPter5:ReSUltSandQUerV73ADDlYinaReSUltS73EXereiSe5.1ContourinaReSUItSandContOUnnabySeIeCtiOn77Res,s81EXerCiSe5.2QUeryinqCOnK)UredReSiJhSandCreatinga1.iStOfReSUItS84PraCHCalEXerCiSeS88ChaPter6:ThePlOtUnaCIient91ThePIOttinQWindOW91DefininqCurvesfromDataFiles92DefiningClJrVeS
4、fromMathEXPreSSiOnS94AddinqNOteStoaPlOt95IntrodUCUontoTemPIeXStatementS97EXerCiSe6.1CreatinqPIotSandNQteSWimTemDleXinsideIheNQteS98PraCtiCalExercises106ChaDter7：TheMotiOnVieWModelClient109MOdelWindOW109SolUtiOnSForEXerCiSeS113GUIsquickly.Itprovedsopopularthatitnowshipswithalldistributionsof7cl.Tksha
5、resmanyconceptswithotherwindowingtoolkits,butyoudonotneedtoknowmuchaboutgraphicaluserinterfacestogetstartedwithTk.Tkaddsabout35Tclcommandsthatletyoucreateandmanipulatewidgetsinagraphicaluserinterface.AWldgetisawindowinagraphicaluserinterfacethathasaparticularappearanceandbehavior.Thetermswidgetandwi
6、ndowareoftenusedinterchangeably.Widgettypesincludebuttons,scrollbars,menus,andtextwindows.Tkalsohasageneral-purposedrawingWIdgetcalledacanvasthatletsyoucreatelighter-weightitemssuchaslines,boxes,andbitmaps.TclandTkarehighlyportable,runningonessentiallyallflavorsofUnix(1.inux,Solaris.IRIX1AIX.*BSD,th
7、elistgoesonandon),Windows.Macintosh,andmore.SomebasicTkcommandswillbediscussedlater.Foradditionalinformation,pleaserefertothemanual.BasicTclSyntax Firstitemofacommandlineisammandname. Thewordsinthemmandlineareseparatedbyoneormorespaces. Wordscanbegroupedwithdoublequotesorcrlybaces. Commandsaretermin
8、atedwithnewlineorsemi-lon. Awordstartingwithadollarsign($)mustbeavariablename.Thestringwillbereplacedbythevalueolthevariable. WordsenclosedwithinsquarebracketsmustbealegalIclcommand.Thestringswouldbereplacedbytheresultsofevaluatingthecommand.TC1.CommandOverviewInthefollowingmmandoverviewitisrecommen
9、dthatthestudentstrytheexamplesthemselves.1.TextOutputPrintingoutastringusingTclisdoneusingtheputscommand.Asingleunitoftextaftertheputscommandwillbeoutput.Example1.1putsHyperWorksOutput:HyperWorksIfthestringismorethanoneword,thestringmustbeenclosedineitherdoublequotes(b*)orbraces().Manycommands,inclu
10、dingtheputscommand,acceptmultiplearguments.Ifthestringisnotenclosedinquotesorbraces,theindividualwordsareconsideredarguments.Asetofwordsenclosedinquotesorbraceswilltreatedasasingleunit.Thetwooptionsofquotesorbracesbehavedifferentlyandthedifferenceswillbediscussedinthenextsection.OutputAlbanyTheCapit
11、olofNewYorkis:TheCapitolofNewYorkis:AlbanyTheCapltolofNewYorkIs:$ZWhendefiningastring,iftherearemultiplewordsinthestringwehavelearnedthatwecaneitherusedoublequotesorbraces.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwooptionsishowtheytreatvariablesthatareintheirstrings.Example 2.3: puts$ZJ1.ABE1.puts$Z_1.ABE1.OutputT
12、heCapitolofNewYorkis:Albany$Z_1.ABE1.$ZExample2.3showshowusingthedoublebraceactuallydisablesthesubstitutionofvariableswithinthebraces.Notethatbraceshavethiseffectonlywhentheyareusedtorgrouping(i.e.atthebeginningandendofasequenceofwords).Ifastringisalreadygrouped,eitherwrthquotesorbraces,andbracesocc
13、urinthemiddleofthegroupedstring(i.e.foobar),thenthebracesaretreatedasregularcharacterswithnospecialmeaning.Ifthestringisgroupedwithquotes,substitutionswilloccurwithinthequotedstring,evenbetweenthebraces.Example 2.4:setmonth2setday3setyear09setdateSroonth:$day:$yearputs$dateOutput：2:3:09Herevariables
14、ubstitutionisusedinseveralplaces:Thevaluesofthevariablesmonth,day,andyeararesubstitutedinthesetcommandthatassignsthevalueofthedate*variable,andthevalueofthedatevariableisthensubstitutedinthelinethatdisplaystheoutput.Example 2.5:stfooputshi,eval$fooOutput:hiInthisexample,thevariablefooholdsanother(sm
15、all)Tclscriptthatsimplyprintsthewordhi.Thevalueofthevariablefoo,issubstitutedintoanevalcommand.Theevalmmandtakesoneormoreargumentsv/hichtogethercompriseaTclscriptandpassesittotheTclinterpreter.3. ExpressionsExamples3.1and3.2illustratetheuseofrelationalexpressionswiththeeprcommand.Thefirstexpressione
16、valuatesto0(false)since0doesnotequal1,whereasthesecondexpressionevaluatesto1(true),since,obviously.1doesequal1Therelationaloperator三三isusedtodothecomparison.Example 1.3:epr4+5Output:9Example3.3showshowtousetheOXPrstatementtoevaluateanarithmeticexpression.Heretheresultissimplythesumof4and5.Tclsupport
17、sthefollowingmathematicalfunctionsinexpressions:abscoshIOgsqrtacosdoubleIoglOsrandasinexppowtanatanfloorrandtanhatan2fmodroundwideceilhypotsincosintsinhInadditiontothesepredefinedfunctions,applicationsmaydefineadditionalfunctionsusingTclCreateMathFuncO.Example 1.4:exptsin(2)Output:0.909297Thisexampl
18、eshowsthattheprstatementcanbeusedtoevaluatetheresultofamathematicalfunction,inthiscase,thesineofanangle.4. CommandSubstitutionJustasvariablesubstitutionisusedtosubstitutethevalueofavariableintoaTclscript,commandsubstitutioncanbeusedtoreplaceaTclcommandwiththeresultthatitreturns.Considerthefollowinge
19、xample:Example 4.1:putsIamep10*2yeasold,andmyI.Q.isexpr100-25Output:Iam20yearsold,andmyI.Q.is75Asthisexampleshows,squarebracketsareusedtoachievecommandsubstitution.ThetextbetweenthesquarebracketsisevaluatedasaTclscript,anditsresultisthensubstitutedinitsplace.Inthiscase,commandsubstitutionisusedtopla
20、cetheresultsoftwomathematicalexpressionsintoastring.Commandsubstitutionisoftenusedinconjunctionwithvariablesubstitution,asshowninExample4.2:Example 4.2:setmy.height6.0putsIfIwas2inchestaller,Iwouldbeexpr$my_height+(2.0/12.0)feettallOutput:Iflwas2inchestaller,Iwouldbe6.16667feettallInthisexample,thev
21、alueofthevariablemy-height*issubstitutedinsidethesquarebracketsbeforethecommandisevaluated.Thisisagoodillustrationoflclsone-passrecursiveparsingmechanism.Whenevaluatingastatement,theTclinterpreter,makesonepassoverit,andindoingsomakesallthenecessarysubstitutions.Oncethisisdone,theinterpreterthenevalu
22、atestheresultingexpression.If.duringitspassovertheexpression,theinterpreterencounterssquarebracketsindicatingthatcommandsubstitutionistobeperformed),itrecursivelyparsesthescriptinsidethesquarebracketsinthesamemanner.5. Comparisonsand1.oopsInallbutthesimplestscripts,somemechanismisneededtocontrolthef
23、lowolexecution.Tcloffersdecision-makingconstructs(if-elseandswitchstatements)aswellasloopingconstructs(while,for,andforeachstatements),bothofwhichcanaltertheflowofexecutioninresponsetosomendition.Thefollowingexamplesservetoillustratetheseconstructs.Example5.1:setk35if$k=35(putsHandlingisgood.)elseif
24、($k20)(putsRideisgood.,)else(putsIamnotsureofthequalityofrideorhandling.Output:Handlingisgood.Example5.1usestheifstatement.Itsetsthevalueofthevariable-k,to35,andthenusesanifstatementtochoosewhichstatementtoprint.Thegeneralsyntaxoftheifstatementisasfollows:iftestlbodyl7elseiftest2body2elseif.?elsebod
25、yn?Ifthetstiexpressionevaluatestoatruevalue,thenbodylisexecuted.Ifnot.thenifthereareanyelseifclausespresent,theirtestexpressionsareevalutatedand.iftrue,theirbodiesareexecuted.Ifanyoneofthetestsismadesuccessfully,afteritscorrespondingbodyisexecuted,theifstatementterminates,anddoesnotmakeanyfurthercom
26、parisons.Ifthereisanelseclausepresent,itsbodyisexecutedifnoothertestsucceeds.inadditionlamodelhandle.ThisiswhytheresultoftheAddMOdeIcommandwasassignedtotheidvariable.5. Inordertoloadtheresultsintothesession,theSetResuitcommandisusedonthemodelhandle:my_modSetResultbezel.h3d6. Finally,thelaststepneede
27、distodrawthegraphicsagainandtoclosethestacktoreleasethehandles:animDrawhwiCloseStack5.115.12ModelObjectSofar,weloadedamodelandattachedresultstoitinananimationwindow.Onceamodelisloaded,wecangetamodelhandleandstartexploringwhatelsewecando.Infact,ifyoulistallmethodsavailableinthemodelhandle,youwillgeta
28、listofabout100methods.Thisofcoursemeansthatthereissomuchyoucandousingthemodelobject.Thefigurebelowshowsapartoftheobjecthierarchy,whichshowsallobjectsthatthemodelobjecthasaccessto.NoticethatthisisforpolModelv/hichistheHyperVieworanimationmodelobject.ThereisalsoamdllModelwhichistheMotionViewmodelobjec
29、t.ipolMod1IpolSlct1onSMpoltytmPolPartpolRsultCV1polOuryC!dPolExplosionClKpolAsmbfPolContourCtrlIPOlF1.DCtrlPOfTracingCtrlporakIngSystetnpolloV3luCtri1pofTnorCtr1-jpolclCrlIPoicollisionCMporvctorO11IpolComplxCV1ModelObjectTheseobjectsincludetheResultControl,QueryControlSelectionSetsandmanyotherobject
30、s.Also,theResultControlprovidesaccesstoContour.Tensor,andVectorcontrolsalongwithotherresulttypeinformationandfeatures.results.Theresultcontrolhandleallowsyoutoqueryinformationsuchasloadcases,simulationstepsanddatatypes.Italsoallowsyoutoapplyresultssuchascontour,tensorandvectorplotsandotherfeatures.I
31、nthefollowingexamplewearegoingtogetalistofdatatypesforthecurrentloadcase(alsoreferredtoassubcase).hwiOpenStackhwiGetSessionHandlesessionlsessionlGetProjectHandleprojectlprojectlGetPageHandlepagel1pagelGetWindowHandlewnl1wnlGetClintHandleanimanimGetHodelHandlemy_modelanimGetActiveModelmy_modelGetResu
32、ltCtrlHandlemy_resultsetcurrent(my_resultGetCurrentSubcasesetdata-typesmy_resultGetDataType1.ist$currenthwiCloseStackHyoulookatthedocumentationforGetDataType1.istcommand,youwillnoticethatitacceptsanadditionaloptionalargument,ntx.Thisargumentishelpfultogetasubsetofdatatypes(scalar,tensororvector)inst
33、eadthewholelist.Forexample,ifyouareonlyinterestedwiththetensordatatypes,thenyoucanspecifytheoptionalarguments.Goingbacktotheaboveexample,thstatementwouldbe:setdatatypesmy_resultGetDataType1.ist$currenttensorThiswillreturnalistoftensordatatypesonly,whichisthesamelistavailableinthtensorpanelinsideHype
34、rView.YoushouldneverassumethatloadcaseIDsstartat1.ItispossibletohaveoneloadcaseanditsIDisnot1,ormultipleloadcaseswitharbitraryIDslike14.22,200etc.5.12.3QueryControlThequerycontrolallowsyoutoqueryorgetinformationforallentitytypesinthemodel.Theinformationisthesamethatsavailableinthequerypanel.Asidefor
35、mbasicinformationyoucanalsoqueryresults,suchasstressvalues,displacements,etc.Ibstartworkingwiththequerycontrol,youneedtogetahandleandthenperformthedesiredquery.Whenworkingwfththequerycontrolyouhavetorememberthefollowing:Choosetheentitytype(i.e.node,element,componentorsystem)Specifytherequest(i.e.nod
36、e.id,ntour.valueetc.)Specifyasetofentitiesthatyouneedinformationfor(i.e.allnodes,orIDs100-200,orallentitiesabove/belowacertaincontourvalue,etc.)OutputthedatatoafileoranyotherchannelInthefollowingexample,wearegoingtoassumethatWehavebumper.h3dloadedandwehaveamodelhandlenamedmy_model.Wewillgetthecoordi
37、natesforasetofnodesrangingfrom1to100;wwilloutputthedatatoafilenamedout.t.myemodelGetQueryCtrlHandlemy_qury# createanodeStandaddids1-100setset_idmy_modelAddSelectionSetnodemyemodelGetsolectionSetHandlenodt$set_idnode-setAdd,id41anxDrawO(animation)42ay_modGetMeshModenone(animation)43Thisreturnsthevalu
38、eofnone.Theotheroptionsavailableareedges,features,ormeshlines.2. IntheCommandWindow,usetheSetMeshModecommandwiththemodelhandle:my_modSetMeshModemeshlinesNotithatthegraphicsdoesntupdateanddrawthemeshlines.ThisisbecausetheDrawmmandisneededagain.3. RefreshthegraphicsareausingtheDraWcommand:animDrawStep
39、5:Usingtheresultcontrolhandle,getthesubcaselistandthengetthesubcasetypeforthefirstsubcase.1. Togetthelistofsubcases,WefirsthavetogettheResuItCtrIhandle.Usethefollowinglinetodothis:my_modGetResultCtrlHandlemy_resUsingthemodelhandle.my_mod,wewereabletogeltheResuItCtrIhandle.my_res.2. NowthatwehavetheResuItCtrIhandle,v/ecangeneratealistofsubcases.ThisisdoneusingtheGetSubcase1.istcommandontheResuItCtrIhandle.Wecanassig
