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1、专题08主旨大意题通关练1 .主旨大意题解题策略2 .名校优选专项通关练r解题策略】主旨大您SS是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上为文率进行归纳、概括或评价,解答此类超型时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于Iiue和mainidea类JS都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、谙才知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断.从而发现文中胞含的信息。从出形式看:常见的f标四类和上H大息类.标A1.类解策略特点，.ft;充分引发读者的阅读欲里，2 .概括件:准确而又简短.3 .针对性:标题外Jf与文章内容刚好相符。方法t1 .中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主遨词作标应.2 .一介法:将文章的写
2、作对象和其主要特点意义或影响整合后作标牌文章大意类解题策略特点：不同体拢文章主即句的常见位置不同，共作用各不相同.位M1 .必以（新付报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主趣，使读者一开始就明臼文章的内容及主旨。2 .丕揖记叙文、议论文.起到照应开头、总结全文升华主题的作用”在最后对全文进行概括和总结,进一步明确文章的中心刖想,使作者的观点表达得更清楚.3 .各段主题句整合即文章大意，借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想”.4 .而一训:当文章或段落中没有明确的主跑句时.可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高颇词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大急。5 .线
3、室：记叙文类文堂都有一个主战，如，一个彳i趣的人或一件难忘的，等。全文第烧该主规组织材料,分析文欧的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。正确逸项帆Ei性强.攫盖全文或全段.2 .范围不大也不小.3 .精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。.过于笼统范围过大.2 .以偏概全.主次不分。3 .偷换概念，张冠李戴。4 .无中生有,主观腌断.【名校优选专项通关练】1.(2024浙江杭州学军中学校考模IMIioTe1.evisionhasIransfbrmedpo1.iciesintheUnitedStatesbychanging(hewayinwhichi
4、nfb11nationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizenspatternsof心PGn牌topo1.itics.Bygivingcitizensiukpendcntaccesstothecandidates,te1.evisionreducedthero1.eofthepo1.itica1.partyinthese1.ectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpo1.iticsonthepersonofthecandidate,te1.evisionacce1.e
5、ratedthecitizen*sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Te1.evisionhasa1.teredthef11nsofPoIiIiCHcommunicationaswe1.1.ThemessagesonwhichnosiofusN1.yarebriefer(hanIheyoncewere.Tbes1.umpspeech,aPO1.iIiCa1.SPeeChgivenby(rave1.ingpo1.iticiansand1.astingI(o2hours,whichwaspopu1.arin(heninetee11h-century.hasgiven
6、wayco(he30socondadvertisementandtheIOsecond“soUndbiteinbroadcastnews.Increasing1.ytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepo1.iticianbutrathertheviewingaiicnccwhowi1.1.hearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.Inthesesimp1.ifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditiona1.po1.itica1.speechofea
7、r1.ierageshasbeen1.ost.In15or30seconds,aspeakerCannO1.estab1.ishthehistorica1.context(hatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetai1.theprobab1.ecausesoftheprob1.em,andcannotexamineahernaivepx)sa1.s(oargueIha1.oneispreferab1.etoohes.Inshortvideos,po1.iticiansassert(断11)butdono1.arue.Becausete1.evisionisan
8、intimate(亲密的)medium,speakingIhmUghitrequiresachangedPOIitiCa1.sty1.ethatismoreconversationa1.,persona1.,andvisua1.1.hanthatoftheo1.d-sty1.es1.umpspeech.Re1.ianceonte1.evisionIneanSthatincreasing1.yourpo1.itica1.wor1.dcontainsmemorab1.epicturesaatber(hanmemorab1.ewords.Schoo1.s(eachustoana1.yzeWoMSan
9、dPrin1.However,inawor1.dinwhichpo1.iticsisincreasing1.yvisua1.,info11edcitizenshiprequiresaewseiofski1.1.s.Recognizingthepowerofte1.evisionspictures,po1.iticianscraftte1.evisua1.,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepo1.itica1.activityweseeonte1.evisionnewshasbeencraftedhypo1.iticians
10、,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpub1.icre1.ationsadvisersforte1.evisedconsumption.SoundbitesinnewsandanswersIoquestionsindeba1.esincreasing1.ysound1.ikeadvertisements.WhaIsIheZS1.tit1.eforthepassage?A. te1.evision:anAgentofChangeinPo1.iticsB. Te1.evision:aP1.atformforPo1.itica1.DebateC. Te1.evision:an/X
11、hemaiiveoStumpSpeechD. Te1.evision:aNewMediumforCommuniva1.ion【答案】A【解析】E斤大意ISC通读全文,井根据第段“Te1.evisionhasInmsfbrmcdPo1.i1.icsin1.hcUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizenspatternsofresponse(oPHiUes.(电视改变了倍息传播的方式,改变了政治运动,改变了公民对政治的反应模式.
12、从而改变/美国的政治可知.文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式C如今的政治演说比过去更像广告CA选项,电视：政治变革的推动者,以符合文章标题。故选A,2.(2024浙江兴海宁南育锻中学校考模拟Bff1.pJu1.y2023wasthewor1.dswarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWor1.dMeteoro1.ogica1.Organization.UNSecretary-Genera1.AntonioGutcrrcssaidinaspeechthatthep1.anetisenteringaneraofg1.oba1.boi1.ing*.Howt
13、ocoo1.(hep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestionforscientis1.s.Theyarenowturningtosun-b1.ockingtechno1.ogy.WhiChreferstoref1.ectingsun1.ightbackintospaceinordertokeepdown(heCcniperatun?ofthep1.anetsc1.imate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeante1.evisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvo1.vespumpingsun-b1.ockingpartic
14、1.es(粒f)intotheupperatmosphere.,Ihepartic1.eswi1.1.thenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackUPwaMS.I1.is1.ikeapp1.yingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearcheisatYa1.cUniversity.US.out1.inedap1.antouse125high-f1.yingp1.anestospreadthepartic1.esatIauHMie$（萍度）of60degreesnorthandsouth.Thepartic1.eswi1.1.th
15、entrave1.（ward（hepo1.es,whichcou1.dpossib1.yc1.thetemperaturethereby2,C.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueisca1.1.edc1.oudb11ghtcning,accordingtoChnsSacca.aUSc1.imateexpert.Ihismethodinvo1.vessendingseasa1.tpartic1.esintoc1.oudsabovethesea.makingthemwhiterandthustheyreec1.moresun1.ightbackin1.space.inJun
16、e.IheUSgovemmen（announcedinareportthatItwasoft*eringsupportforso1.arengineeringresearchawaytos1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.temperatures.Accordingto（herepo11.（heUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthatthetechno1.ogyof1.rsIhepossibi1.ityofcoo1.ingIhep1.anetsignificant1.yinafewyears.However,fo1.1.owingIhcreport,anopen1.etter
17、bymorethan60scientistsCd1.Cdfarcautionandmoreresearchfirst.KristcnRasmussen,ac1.imatescientistatCo1.oradoStateUniversity.US.hasbeenstudyinghowthesesun-b1.ockingnthdswi1.1.a11ec1.rainfa1.1.patterns.Shesaidthatapar1.fromruinfa1.ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswou1.da1.sobeaiTcc1.cd.,bWcneedtobeveryca
18、utiousonIhiSJRasmussento1.dScientificAmerican.Whichisthemostsuitab1.etit1.eforthetext?A.Coo1.ingOurP1.ane1.B.EraofG1.oba1.Boi1.ingC.PumpingB1.ockingPartic1.esD.TheTechniqueofC1.audBrightening【答窠】A【解析】上闿大通题,通读全文并根据第一“HOWtOcoo1.thep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestionforscientists.Theyarcnowturningos
19、un*b1.m1.ivingthisbig1.ifetonotknowinghowIwasgoingIosurvive.For1.una1.e1.y.onmybirthdayin2009.IreceivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceatAftervo1.unteeringin1.osAngeIeShospita1.s.Kaufnumstartere.theymustfindacconnodationsnear(heirtransp1.anthospita1.:KaufmanrunsIWObousing1.ocations,whicha1.1.ows(he
20、patientsoremainc1.osetoIheirUNnSP1.an1.hospita1.duringtheperiodoftheiraftercare,typica1.1.yaboutthreemonthsatnocost.Herorganizationa1.sohe1.psdonorfami1.ies,whichshethinksmakestheWhoICcirc1.ecomp1.ete.Oneorgandonorcansaveeight1.ivesandthentherestissueandskinandeyesandb1.oodvesse1.s(血管)andsomanyother
21、things/*Kaufiinansaid.tfcThedonoristhewho1.estory.Withoutthedonor,therearcnotransp1.antcenters,notransp1.antsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsarctheheroes.*,Todate.va,sHearthashe1.pednear1.y90fami1.ieswihburia1.costsfortheir1.ovedoneswhoseorganshavesavedcount1.ess1.ives.Kaufmana1.soworksc1.ose1.ywitht
22、hosewhoreceivedonationstobui1.dre1.ationshipswithdonorfami1.iesandspreadawarenessabout(beinx)11inceofOrgaI1.donation.Whatmessagedocsthetextmain1.yconvey?A. Itsbettertogivethantoreceive.B. ,heb1.essedbeartheheartofgiving.C. Hea1.thmattersmuchmorethanwea1.th.D. Vb1.unteeringmakesthewor1.dabetterp1.ace
23、.【答案】B析】主旨大意题。由尾段“Todate,AvasHearthashe1.pednear1.y9()fami1.ieswithhuria1.costsfortheir1.ovedOneSwhoseorgansIkivesavedcun(1.css1.ives.Kau1.rnana1.soworksc1.ose1.yW1.1.h(hosewhoreceivedonationstobui1.dre1.ationshipswithdonorfami1.iesandspreadawarenessaboutIhCimPortanCeOfOrgandOnatiOn.(迄今为止.Ava,sHeart
24、已经帮助了近90个家庭，为他们的亲人支付了丧葬钳用,他们的器官挽救了无数牛i。考夫硬还与接受指的人密切合作，与捐赠者家庭建立关系,并传播对器由捐赠Ift要性的认识.)并联系全文可知.KaUfman有爱心、悔褥感恩.她抉得保佑.茯得了别人捐触的涔官而杠狭新生，所以本文的中心思想.是伟得奉献的人会被保佑故选B项,4. (2024江苏徐州高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习)Intheani11u1.kingdom,mimics(模仿)arenotrare.S1.ickinsectspretendtobe1.wigs.HawkmMhcaterpi1.1.arsresemb1.epoisonoussnakes.
25、Theexamp1.es,though,arcvisua1.Auditorymimicryisrarer.Dani1.oRussooftheUniversityofNap1.esFcdcricoI1.thinkshehasfoundanove1.easeofit,ashedescribesinCuncntBio1.ogy.SOmebats,hebe1.ieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayow1.sthatmightoughitfivesecondsofUnin1.enup1.edbatbuzzingandasimi1.aramountofinsectbu
26、zzingthree1.imesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontro1.(heyIxoadcasiin1.ikemannersevera1.non-buzzingsoundsmadebybars.DuringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesIhereiifter.IbeyYkIeOedtheow1.s.Afterana1.ysis*theresu1.tswereUnCqUivoca1.Whentheyheardboth(hebatbuzzingand(hebeebuzzing,(heow1.smovedasfarfromthespeakersas
27、(heycou1.d.Incontrasc,whenthenon-buzzingbasoundswerep1.ayed,theycreptc1.oser.Dr.Russobe1.ievesthisisthefirstreportedeaseofamamma1.usingauditorymimicrytoscareUWayapreda1.or.TheyS1.rong1.ysuspect,however.Iha1.itisnotunique.Anecdowakingandwamingup.Whytheydothisis,*oncofthegreatestmystcricsofthefie1.d.S
28、RySThomaSRuf.aprofessorofanima1.physio1.ogya1.theUniversi1.yofVeierinaryMedicineinVienna.SomethinktheyneedtoIumkickon(heirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whi1.eothersIhinktheymaysimp1.yawakensotheycns1.eep.Onebirdandavarietyofamphibian“两栖动物)，repti1.esandinsectsa1.soexhibithibcmation-1.ikcstates.Thereise
29、venat1.eastonefishtheAntarcticcod(hats1.owsdownitsmetabo1.isminwinter,becoming20IiIneS1.essactive.And,ofcourse,(hereare1.osofnumma1.s.Whi1.ebearsmightbethefirstthatcomecomind,mostmamma1.ianhibematorsareonthesma1.1.erside.,Theaveragehibcmatorweighson1.y7()grams；saysRufThatsbecause1.itt1.ebodieshavehi
30、ghsurfaceareatovo1.umeratios,makingitmore(axingfor(hem(ostaywarminco1.dweathersotheyneedtheSCaSoniI1.energysavingsmorethan1.argeranima1.s.The1.astparagraphmain1.ydiscusses.A. whencertainaninu1.shibernateB.whatkindsofanima1.shibernateC.whysomeanima1.shibernateD.howanima1.shibernate【答案】B(瘠析】：旨大意题根抠依总段
31、内容，特别是根据OnebirdandavarietyOfamPhibianM两W1),rexi1.esandinsectsa1.soexhibithibernation-1.ikesta1.es.Thereisevenat1.easeonefishtheAntarcticcodthats1.owsdownitsmetabo1.isminwinter,becoming20times1.essactive.And.ofcourse,thereare1.otsof1.A的鸟、鱼、各种两栖动物、爬行动物.昆虫以及微切树乳动物都会进入冬眠状态.因此本段主要讲的是哪些动物缁要冬眠,故B项正确。6.2024
32、上湖南长沙三长郡中学校考期末)Wan1.IoknowWhiHiscoiningsoontoacinemanearyou?Probab1.ynocaverage1.engthofp11x1.uctionsrosebyaround24%.fromonehourand21minutesinthe1930stoonehourand47minutesin2022.FortheIenmost-popu1.artit1.es,(heaverage1.engthgrewtoaroundIwoandaha1.fhoursin2022.near1.y50%higherthaninthe193（）s.Onedriv
33、erofthistrendisthatstudioswanttosqueezethemostOUtoftheircost1.yinte1.1.ectua1.pxpeny（知识产权）but（heyarccompetingwithstreamingp1.atformsforeyeba1.1.s.Thehopeisthataspectacu1.ar,drawn-out*cvcnt,moviewi1.1.drawaudiencesawayfromthesma1.1.screenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoft:Avengers:EndgameMan,
34、csthree-hoursuperheronmepieces,wasthehighes-grssing（票房最高的）fi1.min2019.1.astyear1.ongmoviesseriesmadeupmostofthehighest-grossingfmsinAmerica.Anotherexp1.anationfor1.ongerfi1.mshastodowithdirectors,growinginf1.uence.Whowou1.ddareIe1.1.the1.ikesofMr.No1.antocutu1.hismasterpieces?Moreover,streamingp1.at
35、forms,whichcknohavetoworryasmuchabouttheIeng1.hbecauseviewerscanpausewheneverIhey1.ike,mayattractbignamesbypromisingthemSUfnCienIfundandcreativefreedom.NeIfIiXfundedandre1.eased（hn?e-hourTbeIrishmanin2019,aHimthatwou1.dhavebenefitedfromadecisiveeditor,Irishorotherwise.WhatisProb1.IbIythebesttit1.efo
36、rthepassage?,MovieEnthusiastsB.MovieMarathonsC.MoviePixx1.iKtionD.MovieInf1.uence【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题，根据第，段“VamoknowwhaiiSmingsoonioacinemanearyou?Probahiynotai.5-bour-1.ongmovie,asintheo1.ddays.OnOctober20thcomesKi1.1.ersoftheF1.owerMoon.Atnear1.ythreendaha1.fhour$.its1.engthisnear1.ydoub1.ethatoftheaver
37、agefi1.m1.astyear.Evenmoviefansstrugg1.etocoIKenIraKIorIha1.1.UnRandsomeViCWCnievennodoff.Aftenvaids（hereisamaddashfor（hetoi1.ets.Whendoeswatchinga1.nbecomesucha迎S?（世知道你附近的电影院即格上映什么电影吗？可能不会像过去那样是部1.5小时长的电影IO月20日上映的花月杀手九该片时长近三个半小时,几乎是去年平均时长的两倍.即使是影迷也很难在这么长时间内集中注意力.一些观众甚至会打陀.之后.人们疯狂地冲向见所.什么时候看电影变成了i件苦
38、差事？）”及下文内容可知,文章主要讲述了电影的时长变得越来越长这现象，并分析了出现这种现象的原因，由此可知，B项“MovieMara1.hOnS（电影马拉松）”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项.7.2023衡育三湖南师大附中校考）BcnErancisdidntbecomewea1.thythroughafami1.yinheritance（遗产）.Instead,theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHpanyat19.E1.evenyears1.ater,hisa1.csccntstrategy1.itera1.1.ypaidoff.Francis,30,whohasareportednetworthOf$1.3bi1.1.ion,joinedForbesbi1.1.ionaires1.ist.Hesinrarecompany:The1.istsaverageageis65y
