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1、word13解:系统的工作原理为:当流出增加时,液位降低,浮球降落,控制器通过移动气动阀门的开度,流入量增加,液位开始上。当流入量和流出量相等时达到平衡。当流出量减小时,系统的变化过程如此相反。31 / 31希望液位流出量高度液位高度控制器气动阀水箱流入量浮球图一141非线性系统2非线性时变系统3线性定常系统4线性定常系统5线性时变系统6线性定常系统2-1解:显然,弹簧力为kx(t),根据牛顿第二运动定律有:F(t)kx(t)= m移项整理,得机械系统的微分方程为:d2x(t)dt22md x(t)+kx(t)=F(t)dt2对上述方程中各项求拉氏变换得:ms2X(s)+kX(s)=F(s)所
2、以,机械系统的传递函数为:G(s)=X(s)=F(s)1ms2 +k2-2解一:由图易得:i1(t)R1=u1(t)u2(t)uc(t)+i1(t)R2=u2(t)duc(t)i1(t)=Cdt由上述方程组可得无源网络的运动方程为:C(R+R)du2(t)u (t)=CRdu1(t)u(t)12dt+ 22+ 1dt对上述方程中各项求拉氏变换得:C(R1 +R2)sU2(s)+U2(s) =CR2sU1(s)+U1(s) 所以,无源网络的传递函数为:G(s)=U2(s)=U1(s)1+sCR21+sC(R1 +R2)解二运算阻抗法或复阻抗法:U (s) 1+R21+RCs2 =Cs= 2 U
3、(s) R+ 1 +R1+(R+R)Cs1121Cs22-5解:按照上述方程的顺序,从输出量开始绘制系统的结构图,其绘制结果如如如下图所示:依次消掉上述方程中的中间变量X1 ,X2,X3,可得系统传递函数为:C(s)=R(s)G1(s)G2(s)G3(s)G4(s)1+G2(s)G3(s)G6(s)+G3(s)G4(s)G5(s)+G1(s)G2(s)G3(s)G4(s)G7(s)G8(s)2-6解:将G1(s)与G1(s)组成的并联环节和G1(s)与G1(s)组成的并联环节简化,它们的等效传递函数和简化结构图为:G12(s)=G1(s)+G2(s)G34(s)=G3(s)G4(s)将G12(
4、s),G34(s)组成的反响回路简化便求得系统的闭环传递函数为:2-7解:C(s)=R(s)G12(s)1+G12(s)G34(s)=G1(s)+G2(s)1+G1(s)+G2(s)G3(s)G4(s)由上图可列方程组:E(s)G1(s)C(s)H2(s)G2(s)=C(s)R(s)H1(s)C(s)G2(s)=E(s)联列上述两个方程,消掉E(s),得传递函数为:C(s)=R(s)G1(s)G2(s)1+H1(s)G1(s)+H2(s)G2(s)联列上述两个方程,消掉C(s),得传递函数为:E(s)=R(s)1+H2(s)G2(s)1+H1(s)G1(s)+H2(s)G2(s)2-8解:将反
5、响回路简化,其等效传递函数和简化图为:1G(s)=2s+1 =1+*2s+115s+3将反响回路简化,其等效传递函数和简化图为:12 2G(s)=s +s+1 =5s+32231+5s +4.5s+5.9s+3.4(s +s+1)(5s+3)将反响回路简化便求得系统的闭环传递函数为:*(5s+3)o(s)=5s3 +4.5s2 +5.9s+3.4 =3.5s+i(s)1+*Ks(5s+3)5s3+(+3.5K)s2+(+2.1K)s+5s3-3解:该二阶系统的最大超调量:p =e/12*100%当p=5%时,可解上述方程得:=0.69当p=5%时,该二阶系统的过渡时间为:ts 3wn所以,该二
6、阶系统的无阻尼自振角频率wn3-4解:3ts=30.69*2=2.17由上图可得系统的传递函数:10*(1+Ks)C(s)=R(s)s(s+2)1+10*(1+ Ks)s(s+2)=10*(Ks+1)2s +2*(1+5K)s+10所以wn =10,wn =1+5K假设=0.5时,K0.116所以K0.116时,=0.5系统单位阶跃响应的超调量和过渡过程时间分别为:p =e/12*100% =e0.5*/10.52*100%16.3%ts =3wn=3*1.910参加(1+Ks)相当于参加了一个比例微分环节,将使系统的阻尼比增大,可以有效地减小原系统的阶跃响应的超调量;同时由于微分的作用,使系
7、统阶跃响应的速度即变化率提高了,从而缩短了过渡时间:总之,参加(1+Ks)后,系统响应性能得到改善。3-5解:由上图可得该控制系统的传递函数:C(s)=110K1R(s)二阶系统的标准形式为:C(s)R(s)s2 +(10+1)s+10Kw2= n s2 +2ws+w2nn所以w2n =10K12wn =10+1由p=e/12*100%tp =wn12p =9.5%tp =0.5可得=0.62wn =10K1=0.6wn =7.85由和2wn =10+1wn =7.85可得:K1 =ts 3wn=0.643-6解:列出劳斯表为:因为劳斯表首列系数符号变号2次,所以系统不稳定。列出劳斯表为:因为
8、劳斯表首列系数全大于零,所以系统稳定。列出劳斯表为:因为劳斯表首列系数符号变号2次,所以系统不稳定。3-7解:系统的闭环系统传递函数:K(s+1)C(s)=R(s)=s(2s+1)(Ts+1)=1+K(s+1)s(2s+1)(Ts+1)K(s+1)K(s+1)s(2s+1)(Ts+1)+K(s+1)2Ts3 +(T+2)s2 +(K+1)s+K列出劳斯表为:s32TK+1s2T+2Ks1(K+1)(T+2)2KT T+2s0KT0,T+20,(K+1)(T+2)2KTT+20,K0T0K0,(K+1)(T+2)2KT0(K+1)(T+2)2KT=(T+2)+KT+2K2KT=(T+2)KT+2
9、K=(T+2)K(T2)0K(T2)(T+2)3-9解:由上图可得闭环系统传递函数:C(s)=KK2K32 3 2 3 2 3R(s)(1+KKKa)s2 KKKbsKKK代入数据,得二阶系统特征方程:(1+0.1K)s2 0.1KsK=0列出劳斯表为:s21+0.1KKs10.1Ks0K可见,只要放大器10 K0,系统就是稳定的。3-12解:系统的稳态误差为:ess=lime(t)=limsE(s)=limsR(s)ts0s01+G0(s)G0(s)=10s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)系统的静态位置误差系数:K=limG(s)=lim10=ps00s0 s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)
10、系统的静态速度误差系数:K = limsG(s)= lim10s=10vs00s0 s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)系统的静态加速度误差系数:K =lims2G(s)=lim10s2=0as00s0 s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)当r(t)=1(t)时,R(s)=1sess=lims*1=0当r(t)=4t 时,R(s)=s010s1+s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)4s2e=lims*4 =0.4sss0s2当r(t)=t2时,R(s)=1+10s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)2s3ess=lims01+s*2 =10s3s(0.1s+1)(0.5s+1)当r(t)=1(t)+4t
11、 +t2时,R(s)=1+ 4+ 2ss2s33-14解:ess =0+=由于单位斜坡输入下系统稳态误差为常值=2,所以系统为I型系统设开环传递函数G(s)=Ks(s2 +as+b)K=0.5b闭环传递函数(s)=G(s)=K1+G(s)s3 +as2 +bs+KQ s= 1j是系统闭环极点,因此s3 +as2 +bs+K=(s+c)(s2 +2s+2)=s3 +(2+c)s2 +(2c+2)s+2cK=0.5bK=2cb=2c+2a=2+cK=2a=3b=4c=1所以G(s)=2。s(s2 +3s+4)4-1jsjskk=0kk=00k=0kkk=00(a)(b)jsjs00(c)(d)4-
12、2jsp3 = 10p1 = 0 p2 = 0p1 =0,p2 =0,p3 =11.实轴上的根轨迹(,1)(0,0)12. nm=33条根轨迹趋向无穷远处的渐近线相角为= 180(2q+1)= 60,180a3(q=0,1)渐近线与实轴的交点为nmpi zii=1j=10011a =3.系统的特征方程为nm=331+G(s)=1+K=0s2(s+1)即K=s2(s+1)=s3s2dK=3s2 2s=0dss(3s+2)=0根s1 =0舍去s2 =4.令s=j代入特征方程1+G(s)=1+K=0s2(s+1)s2(s+1)+K=0(j)2(j+1)+K=02(j+1)+K=0K2 j=0K2=0
13、=0=0舍去与虚轴没有交点,即只有根轨迹上的起点,也即开环极点p1,2 =0在虚轴上。25-1G(s)=55s+1G(j)=5j+1A()=5 (5)2 +1()=arctan(0.25)输入r(t)=5cos(4t30)=5sin(4t+60)=4A(4)=5(*4)2 +1=2.5 2(4)=arctan(5*4)=45系统的稳态输出为c(t)=A(4)*5cos4t30+(4)=2.5 2*5cos(4t3045)=8cos(4t75)=8sin(4t+15)sin=cos(90)=cos(90)=cos(+270)5-3或者,c(t)=A(4)*5sin4t+60+(4)=2.5 2*
14、5sin(4t+6045)=sin(4t+15)112G(s)=(1+s)(1+2s)G(j)=(1+j)(1+j2)A()=1(1+2)(1+42)()=arctanarctan2()=arctanarctan2=90arctan+arctan2=90=1/(2)2 =1/2A()=1=(1+1/2)(1+4*1/2)2=3与虚轴的交点为0,jY()0=-j0.47=01X()13G(s)=1s(1+s)(1+2s)G(j)=1j(1+j)(1+j2)A()=1(1+2)(1+42)()=90arctanarctan 2()=90arctanarctan2=180arctan+arctan2
15、=90=1/(2)2 =1/2A()=11/2 (1+1/2)(1+4*1/2)=2=3与实轴的交点为7,-j0-0.670=0jY()=X()4G(s)=1s2(1+s)(1+2s)G(j)=1(j)2(1+j)(1+j2)A()=21(1+2)(1+42)()=180arctanarctan2()=180arctanarctan2=270arctan+arctan2=90=1/(2)2 =1/2A()=1=2 (1/2) (1+1/2)(1+4*1/2)32 =与虚轴的交点为0,j0.94=0.707=00.940jY()=X()25-421=,2 =1,k=1,=0L()(dB)00.0
16、1-20dB0.10.5-20dB/dec110-40dB/dec-40dB31=,2 =1,k=1,=1L()(dB)-20dB/dec20dB-40dB/dec00.010.10.5110-20dB-40dB-60dB/dec41=,2 =1,k=1,=2L()(dB)60dB-40dB/dec40dB20dB-60dB/dec00.010.10.5110-20dB-40dB-80dB/dec5-6G(s)=1s1是一个非最小相位系统3G(j)=1=1(1j)=1ej(180o+arctg)j11+21+2G(s)=1s+1是一个最小相位系统G(j)=1=1(1j)=1ejarctgj+1
17、1+21+25-8(a)= 0= -10X ()= 0+系统开环传递函数有一极点在s 平面的原点处,因此乃氏回线中半径为无穷小量的半圆弧对应的映射曲线是一个半径为无穷大的圆弧:00+;:90090;():90090N=P-Z,Z=P-N=0-(-2)=2闭环系统有2个极点在右半平面,所以闭环系统不稳定bjY()=0=0+= -10X()4系统开环传递函数有2 个极点在s 平面的原点处,因此乃氏回线中半径为无穷小量的半圆弧对应的映射曲线是一个半径为无穷大的圆弧:00+;:90090;():1800180N=P-Z,Z=P-N=0-0=0闭环系统有0个极点在右半平面,所以闭环系统稳定5-10KK8
18、K1G(s)H(s)=Ts+1()()1s+1=s+1 =2.28090()GsH s =K1=K1=2.28K2()()()()sTs+1s1s+1s(s+8)901 =2.28180()Ks+11Ks+14K(s+0.5)3G(s)H(s)=s Ts+1s1=s(s+2)222s+12L()(dB)-40dB/dec-20dB/decab00.512-40dB/dec520lg 1=a20lgK+20lg 1=40lg 120lgK=20lg 120lg(K)1 =20lg2K=1/2=0.5G(s)H(s)=4K(s+0.5)=2(s+0.5)s2(s+2)s2(s+2)90()()1
19、=0.52 =2180()5-11=0jY()=+0=(-1,j0)X()=0+G(s)H(s)=Ks(s+1)(3s+1)G(j)H(j)=Kj(j+1)(3j+1)()=90arctanarctan3=180arctan+arctan3=90=1/(3)2 =1/3A()=K1/3 (1+1/3)(1+9*1/3)=3K=14Kc =4/3=366-2 (1)62G(s)=n nns(s2 +4s+6)s(s2 +2s+2)2 =6=6,2=4 =4= 2=nnn2n6K=1所以,c =120lgK=02/()=90arctgcn2*6*1/5=90arctgc12 /2 11/2.452
20、cn =90arctg2*6*1/5=90arctg6=90arctg0.799511/523=90=4=180+(c)=180=6L()(dB)50403020100-10-20-30-400.01-20dB/dec0.1n12.4510-60dB/dec(2)1 =1,2=1/0.2=52/()=90arctgcn+arctgcarctgcc12 /2 cn 1 2 15 =4+arctg1arctg1=4+451=5=180+(c)=1805=51课后答案网L()(dB)50403020100-10-200.01-20dB/dec0.1n12.4520dB/decGc510-30-40-
21、40dB/dec-60dB/dec-60dB/dec6-5 (1)G(s)=10s(0.5s+1)(0.1s+1)=1,20lgK=20lg10=20dB1 =1/=2,2 =1/=101 =2时,L(1)=2020(lg2lg1)=20lg1020lg2=20lg5=14dB2 =10时,L(2)=1440(lg10lg2)=6dB所以,1 c 2L(1)=40(lgc lg2)=40(lgc /2)=14dBc =(c)=90arctg0.5c arctg0.1c =90arctgarctg=9043=7=180+(c)=1807=7L()(dB)50403020100-10-20-30-
22、400.1-20dB/dec12-40dB/decc10-60dB/dec1002(2)G(s)Gc(s)=10(s+1)s(0.5s+1)(0.1s+1)(s+1)=1,20lgK=20lg10=20dB1 =1/=2,2 =1/=3,3 =1/=10,4 =1/=302 =3时,L(1)L(2)=40(lg2 lg1) 14L(2)= 40(lglg2)L(2)=7dBL(3 =10)L(2 =3)=20(lg3 lg2)=7dB所以2 c 2 3L(2)=20(lgc2lg2)=20(lgc2/3)=7dBc 2 =(c)=90arctg0.5c2arctg0.1c2+arctg3c2arctg3c2=90arctg6arctg0.672+arctg2arctg=9030+65.752=144.12 =180+(c 2)=180144.1=35.9L()(dB)504030-20dB/dec20100-40dB/decc220dB/decGc10-10-200.1123c130GcG100-30-40-20dB/dec-40dB/dec-60dB/dec-60dB/dec校正环节为相位超前校正,校正后系统的相角裕量增加,系统又不稳定变为稳定,且有一定的稳定裕度,降低系统响应的超调量;剪切频率增加,系统快速性提高;但是高频段增益提高,系统抑制噪声能力下降。3