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1、研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research s
2、uggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work, too.panies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper._2_, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking_3_for
3、 making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-taking that e with happiness would_5_the way panies invested. So they pared U.S. cities average happiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas._7_en
4、ough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were_8_.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities_9_why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various_1
5、0_that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales and for indicators that a place was_11_to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally_12_even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and inve
6、stment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors_13_to “less codified decision making process and the possible presence of “younger and less_14_managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. The relationship was_15_stronger in places where happiness was spread more_16
7、_.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality._17_ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least_18_at that possibility. Its not hard to imagi
8、ne that local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and_20_R&D more than the average, said one researcher.1. A why B where C how D when2. A In return B In particular C In con
9、trast D In conclusion3. A sufficient B famous C perfect D necessary4. A individualism B modernismC optimism D realism5. A echo B miss C spoil D change6. A imagined B measured C invented D assumed7. A Sure B Odd C Unfortunate D Often8. A advertised B divided C overtaxed D headquartered9. A explain B
10、overstate C summarize D emphasize10. A stages B factors C levels D methods11. A desirable B sociable C reputable D reliable12. A resumed B held Cemerged D broke13. A attribute B assign C transfer Dpare14. A serious B civilized C ambitious Dexperienced15. A thus B instead C also D never16. A rapidly
11、B regularly C directly D equally17. A After B Until C While D Since18. A arrives B jumps C hints D strikes 19.A shape B rediscover C simplify D share 20. A pray for B lean towards C give away D send outSection Reading prehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions aft
12、er each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning puter science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean
13、 at Carnegie Mellons School of puter Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn puter science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard fo
14、r them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them bees normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Stu
15、dents also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory puter-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many
16、 coding bootcamps thats bee popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in, said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies bas
17、ed on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn how
18、 to think logically through a problem andorganize the results apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the cla
19、sses. These kids are going to be surrounded by puters in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how puters think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that the better.2
20、1. Cortina holds that early exposure to puter science makes it easier to_.A. plete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their_.A. experienceB. interestC. care
21、er prospectsD. academic backgrounds23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will_.A. help students learn other puter languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies eC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to
22、the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to_.A. bring forth innovative puter technologiesB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. bee better prepared for the digitalized worldD. pete with a future army of programmers25. The word “coax (Line3, Para.6) is closest in meaning to
23、_.A. persuadeB.frightenC. misguideD. challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today,
24、 occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were di
25、sappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontat
26、ional conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency
27、 said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a rangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat a
28、s part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to pensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds ove
29、r the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species， Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric So
30、me Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries
31、 that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the grassland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDthe insistence of private landowners27.The “th
32、reatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted
33、 if they_Aagree to pay a sum for pensationBvolunteer to set up an equally big habitatCoffer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in_Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe landownersDth
34、e states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_Aindustry groupsBthe win-win rhetoricCenvironmental groupsDthe plan under challengeText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich. But one specific plaint is made especially mournfully： Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thorni
35、er is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV or “Carry a book with you at all times But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywhe
36、el of work-related thoughts keeps spinningor else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward municationIt is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined
37、 to interruption. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by being more efficient.In fact, “being more efficient is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment
38、 as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused readinguseful, sometimes, but not the most ful
39、filling kind. “The future es at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will
40、 have wasted them. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside times flow into
41、“soul time. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times can actually work, tooproviding you dip in often enough, so that reading bees the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, be
42、fore dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work becauseA what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is re
43、petitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure toA update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree readi
44、ng33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helpsA encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times can work ifA reading bees your primary business of the dayB all th
45、e daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could beA How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4
46、Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer str
