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1、Results and discussion,专业英语报告,Table of Contents,Results,一般而言，结果部分的内容包含下列三个主要项目：介绍研究结果，往往以一个句子指出反映完整研究结果的图表。概述最重要的研究结果。对研究结果作出评论或概括由这些结果得到的推论。以上三个项目可能含在几个段落中多次出现。而且每个段落通常由这三个项目组成，段落的第一句为第一个项目，第二个项目是段落的主要部分，第三个项目则是由段落的最后的一、两个句子表达。,Example 1,The separator should have uniform pore size distribution to a
2、void performance losses,which is due to uneven current densities.Some research shows that sub-micrometer pore dimensions are critical for preventing internal shorts between the anode and the cathode of the lithium-ion cell,particularly as the separators are as thin as 25 mm or less.The influence of
3、PPTA pulp dosage to the maximum and average pore size of separator is shown in Figure 3.With the increase of PPTA pulp dosage,the maximum pore size and average pore size of the separator remain on a downward trend.When the PPTA pulp dosage reaches 40%,the pore size of the separator is decreased obvi
4、ously.The pore size of the separator can be well controlled to less than 1 mm.,该隔膜应孔径分布均匀，以避免由于不均匀造成性能损失。研究表明，亚微米孔隙尺寸是针对预防性内部的阳极和锂离子电池的阴极之间的短路的关键，特别是隔膜是薄如25毫米或更小的。PPTA浆液剂量对隔膜最大和平均孔径的影响示于图3。随着PPTA浆液剂量的增加，最大孔径和平均孔径都呈下降的趋势。当PPTA浆液剂量达40时，隔膜的孔隙尺寸明显减小，隔膜的平均孔隙尺寸可以很好地控制到小于1mm。,Figure 3.The influence of PPTA
5、 pulp dosage to the pore size of separator.图3 PPTA剂量对隔膜的孔径的影响,Example 2,The pore size distribution of the separators with PPTA pulp dosage ranging from 20%to 100%is shown in Figure 4.It can be seen that the pore size distribution is not continuous.Parts of large pores appear near the maximum pore si
6、ze,and another centralized zone of scatter is near the average pore size.The reason for the discontinuous distribution of the pore size might be that the maximum pore size depends on the coarsest fibers diameter and the defects of nonwoven,but the average pore size depends on the most common fiber d
7、iameter.In Figure 4a,when PPTA content is 20%,there are almost 95%pores in the range of 0.720 10.000 mm,but the maximum pore size of wet-laid nonwoven is 26.923 mm.This means the separator may have some defect such as pinholes and cannot meet the requirement of the separator.In Figure 4 f,the pore s
8、ize distribution of the separator prepared with pure PPTA pulp is shown.There are about 3%of the pores near the maximum pore size of 0.895 mm,and almost 97%of the pores are at the range of 0.118 mm0.500 mm,which indicates that the separators uniformity is improved obviously.PPTA浆液剂量范围从20 到100的孔径分布示于
9、图4。该孔径分布是不连续的，孔径分布最多部位附近出现最大孔径。孔径的非连续分布原因可能是最大孔径取决于纤维的最大直径，但其平均孔径依赖于最常见的纤维直径。在图4A中，当PPTA含量为20，孔隙在0.720m-10.000m的范围内的占95，但此时湿法成网非织造布的最大孔径为26.923m。这意味着隔膜可能有一些缺陷不能满足隔膜的要求：如针孔。如图4 F中，100%纯PPTA量时的孔径分布情况：有97的小孔分布在0.118m-0.500m的范围内，只有3%的小孔分布在最大孔径为0.895m附近。这表明该分离器的均匀性得到明显改善。,Example 2,Figure 4.(a)The influe
10、nce of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator(PPTA pulp dosage is 20%);(b)The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator(PPTA pulp dosage is 40%);(c)The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator(PPTA pulp dosage is 60%
11、);(d)The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator(PPTA pulp dosage is 80%);(e)The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator(PPTA pulp dosage is 90%);(f)The influence of PPTA pulp dosage to the pore size distribution of separator(PPTA pul
12、p dosage is 100%).（A）PPTA浆液用量为20（B）PPTA浆液用量为40（C）PPTA浆液用量为60（D）PPTA浆液用量为80（E）PPTA浆液用量为90（F）PPTA浆液剂量为100,Example 3,From Figure 7,the tear index increases at first and then decreases as the PET fiber dosage increases.This is because,initially,the binder fibers lead to an increase of the bonding streng
13、th of the PPTA fibers and when the PET fiber content reaches a certain point,the bonding fibers form a low tear strength membrane itself.When the PET dosage is 20%,the tear index of the separator is 5.16 mNm2g-1,which is increased by 59%than that of the pure PPTA pulp.Based on the analysis of the po
14、re size and the mechanical properties,the wet-laid nonwoven material whose PET content is 20%is chosen,as a preference,for the following properties study.从图7中得出，撕裂指数随PET纤维含量增大而增加，到达一定剂量后开始降低。这是因为：开始时粘合纤维与PPTA纤维接合，强度开始增加，但当PET纤维的含量达到某一点时，粘合纤维的撕裂强度低隔膜本身的强度，所以撕裂强度开始下降。当PET用量为20时，隔板的撕裂指数为5.16mNm/g，与纯PPT
15、A浆液相比，增大59%。基于前面对孔径和机械性能等性能的分析，可以得出湿法成网的非织造材料中PET含量为20时性能较好又能满足作为电池隔膜的要求，因此对20%PET、80%PPTA混合的非织造材料隔膜的性能进行研究。,Figure 7.The influence of PET fiber dosage to the tear index of separator.图7 PET纤维剂量对隔膜撕裂指数的影响,Example 4,In Figure 10,the LOI of polyolefin membrane and nonwoven material decreases with the i
16、ncrease of temperature.The LOI of the nonwoven separator is higher than that of the polyolefin membrane at the same temperature because of the excellent flame retardancy property of PPTA fiber.,在图10中，聚烯烃膜和非织造隔膜的LOI指数随温度增加而降低。在相同温度下，由于芳纶纤维的优异的阻燃性特性，无纺布隔板的LOI指数是比聚烯烃膜的高。,Figure 10.The LOI of wet-laid n
17、onwoven and polyolefin membrane.图10 湿法成网非织造布和聚烯烃膜的LOI指数,Example 5,When FAME synthe-sis tests were performed with changing the parameters such as CaO loading amount,capsule loading amount,methanol/oil molarratio,reaction temperature,and stirring rate,the optimal condition was found to be 0.08 g,0.8 g
18、,12,308 K,350 rpm,respectively.通过改变参数，如氧化钙负载量、胶囊负载量、甲醇/油摩尔浓度、反应温度和搅拌速度，完成了脂肪酸甲酯的合成测试，并得到了最佳的反应条件，分别是氧化钙负载量，0.08 g、胶囊负载量，0.8 g,甲醇/油摩尔浓度，12,反应温度，308 K,搅拌速度350 rpm。,Introduction of results,Verb:show,present,display,summarize,depict,illustrate（注意：当图表用于作某种总结时，才可使用summarize,而illustrate只有在指图形时才可使用。）Voice:A
19、ctive:Diagram/table as subject（主动：图/表作为主题）Passive:Result content as subject（被动：结果内容为主体）,E.g.Fig.5 shows the influences of（图5显示.的影响）Data in Table 3 show that（表3中的数据显示.）The effect of on is shown in Figure 4.（图4显示.在.的影响）,Introduction of results,说明或评论研究结果：作者对研究结果的评论或说明通常包含下列内容之一:根据本人的研究结果作出推论。如：The resu
20、lts suggest that 作者解释研究结果或说明产生研究结果的原因。如:These findings are understandable because 作者对此次研究结果与其他研究者曾发生的结果作比较。例如提出自己的结果是否与其他研究者的结果一致。These results agree with Gerners analysis,in that 作者对自己的研究方法或技术的性能与其他研究者的方法或技术的性能进行比较，这种比较常出现在工程类研究论文中。例如：The recognition rate of our system is significantly higher than
21、that reported for Tokens system.作者指出自己的理论模型是否与实验数据符合。如:The measured temperatures along the heat pipe were all highly consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model.,Introduction of results,语态的使用：可以采用被动语态或主动语态。前者把结果的内容作为主语，后者则把图表的名称当作主语。介绍研究结果的句子究竞采用被动语态还是主动语态，取决于句子强调的内容及主语部分的长度。由于结果部分的焦点是结
22、果本身，所以在介绍研究结果时，最好把名词短语作为主语，此时句子采用被动语态。但是，名词短语作为主语很长时，会使整个句子出现不平衡、不自然的结构，此时宜把图表名称作为主语，句子采用主动语态。,Introduction of results,Tense:Past(most):Description of result in certain condition.(一定条件下对结果的说明)Description of experiment result.（实验结果的说明）Present:Description of result with universal effectiveness.（具有普遍使用
23、性结果的说明）Description of result got from mathematics model or theory analysis.（从数学模型或理论分析得到结果的说明）,此外，在对结果提出可能的解释和说明时，可使用一般现在时态的推测动词，见下表,Description of important results,Contant：1)Change of certain parameter or variable during some time.verb：increased/decreased、rose/fell、dropped/declined、went up/down、re
24、mained constant/remained unchanged、peaked、reached a maximum、reached a minimum2)Comparison between different samples,methods or research object.verbs:increased much slower than缓慢地增加 has much higher packet dropping rate 具有更高的下降率3)Relationship(interaction)between different parameters or variables.verbs
25、:was dependent on/was independent of/was determined by/was closely related to,Description of important results,1）(也)可以观察到 It can be observed that It be also observed that From Fig.7d，another important feature can be observed2）解释原因：probably due to be due to be attributed to归因于3）表转折Although the temper
26、ature of reactants was same,FAME yield with CaO(10 wt.%)-active carbon-loaded microcapsule was higher than that with CaO(10 wt.%)-loaded microcapsule.This observation could be explained as follows;4）表述得出结论It was confirmed from these experiments that all reactants and products could permeate through
27、the shell of prepared microcapsule in the present study.,Description of important results,句式：Althoughbe same，be higher（形容词比较级）than that with.尽管.相同，与.相比.相对较高。This observation could be explained as follows，解释某种结果时，可以用此表达It was confirmed from these experiments that从这些实验中可以得到,Discussion of results,典型的讨论
28、部分通常由以下五个项目构成：Step 1:restate the findings and accomplishments.Step 2:Evaluate how the results fit in with the previous findings do they contradict,agree or go beyond them?Step 3:List potential limitations to the study.Step 4:Offer an interpretation/explanation of these results and ward off counter-c
29、laims.Step 5:State the implications and recommend further research.1）重申结论或成果。2）评估结果与已有的研究结果 与他们是否矛盾，一致或是否能超越他们？3）列出这项研究可能存在的局限性。4）对结果做出说明/对结论解释和避免错误结论。5）各状况的影响，并建议进行进一步研究。,Discussion of results,句型：,+that句型+一般现在时/过去时,Discussion of results,Templates,常用短语：under the light irradiation，在光照下 ionic liquid，离
30、子溶液dissolved in，溶入 in the present study，本研究Preliminary experiment，预备试验 With the addition of，外加Determine by，视而定 Suspended in，悬浮在Distilled water，蒸馏水 Magnetic stirrer，磁力搅拌器Powder diffractometer，粉末衍射仪 In the absence of，缺乏Piled into，挤入 Micro cell，微型比色槽Date acquisition，数据采集,Templates,The research we have
31、done suggests an increase in我们所做的研究表明增加.This fruitful work gives an explanation of这种卓有成效的工作给出了一个解释.Our experimental data are briefly summarized as follows我们对实验数据进行了简要总结如下.Figure3 shows the results obtained from studies of图3表示从研究中得到.的结果Table 5 presents the data provided by the experiments on表5中列出以上所提
32、供的实验数据.This table summarized the data collected during the experiment of该表总结了实验期间收集的数据.,Templates,Some of the authors findings are listed in tables.表中列出了一些作者的发现。The direct outcome was then reported in直接的结果在报告.Sufficient result forhas been observed with the new method有效的结果.用新的方法被观察到.This work did provide这项工作也提供.Most recent experiments to the same effect have led the authors to believe that大部分的实验达到同样的效果，以至于笔者认为，.As a result of our experiments,we concluded that从实验结果中我们可以推断.,谢谢大家！,请老师批评指正！,
