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1、Chapter 3 International Cargo Transportation,Introduction,The transportation of goods,in international trade,is one of the most important steps.This is because in international trade where an exporter and an importer are always far apart,the goods under the contract have to go a long distance and so
2、metimes changes several carriers in transit before they reach the importer.In international business,it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed conveyance after the contract has been signed,according to the stipulated time,and transport metho
3、ds in the contract.,Methods of the Delivery,As to the methods of delivery in international practice,there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased,such as ocean transport,railway transport,air transport,river and lake transport,postal transport,road transport,pipelines transport,land bridge t
4、ransport and international multimode transport and so on.The buyer and seller can decide which method will be the best for goods to be transported according for goods characteristics,quantity,transit journey,value,time,the natural conditions and so on.,1 Ocean Transport,Ocean transport is the most w
5、idely used form of transportations in international trade.It has the attraction of being a cheap mode of transport for delivering large quantities of goods over long distance.So far as foreign trade is concerned,goods transport is mostly(over 80%of world trade in volume terms)done by ocean vessel.,1
6、 Ocean Transport,1.The Characteristics of Ocean TransportEasy PassageLarge CapacityLow CostGood Adaptability,1 Ocean Transport,2.Ocean Transport1)Liner transport(1)Characteristics of LinerA liner is a passenger or cargo vessel that operates over a regular rout according to an advertised time-table.,
7、1 Ocean Transport,Fixed rout,ports,schedule and relatively fixed freight.Loading and unloading charges included in freight.Good service.Simple procedures.Ideal for cargo of small quantity.,Some Famous Shipping Companies,MAERSK SEALAND马士基海陆有限公司MSC地中海航运公司EVERGREEN长荣海运股份有限公司COSCO中国远洋集装箱运输有限公司（中外集运）CSCL
8、 中海集装箱运输股份有限公司（中海集运）,MAERSK SEALAND,MSC,EVERGREEN,COSCO,1 Ocean Transport,(2)Freight of LinersFreight=Basic freight+SurchargesThe basic standards for calculating freight are stipulated as follows:,1 Ocean Transport,The main surcharges are shown as follows:Heavy lift additional 超重附加费Long length surch
9、arge 超长附加费Direct additional 直航附加费Transshipment surcharge 转船附加费Port congestion surcharge 港口拥挤费Port surcharge 港口附加费Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费Bunker surcharge or bunker adjustment factor(BAF)燃料附加费Ice surcharge 冷冻附加费Cleaning tank surcharge 熏舱附加费,1 Ocean Transport,(3)Calculation of liner freightTranslate
10、the English name of the commodity,find out the freight standard of calculating or the freight grade.Find out the basic freight rate in the route freight tariff according to the grades and purpose sea route,then the relative surcharges for the suitable route and basic port.The basic freight rate plus
11、 various additional surcharges is the freight per freight ton.,1 Ocean Transport,2)Charter transportShipping by chartering is also called tramp.A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.It is first in one trade and then in another,a
12、lways seeking those ports where a demand is at the moment for shipping space.It falls into three kinds:voyage charter,time charter and demise charter.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,1.Ocean Bill of Lading1)The concept of B/LB/L is a document given by a shipping company,representing both a receipt for t
13、he goods shipped and contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper.It is also a document of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assignee the right of possession.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,2)The contents of B/L(1)The contents on obverse side of B/L(2)The content on reve
14、rse side of B/L,2 Ocean Transport Documents,3)The classification of B/L(1)On board B/L and received for shipment B/LA shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer.According to general foreign trade practices,only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by
15、banks for payment under a L/C.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(2)Clean B/L and unclean B/LAccording to whether there are notes on the B/L,it falls into two kinds:clean B/L and unclean B/L.A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board,in apparent good order and condition,and there is no mo
16、dification of the ship-owner.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,Unclean B/L is generally marked“insufficiently packed”,“covers old and stained”,“wet by rain”,“packed in damaged condition”,“unclean”,“foul”,etc.There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging,unprotected machine
17、ry,wet or stained cartons,damaged crates,etc.This type of B/L is usually unacceptable to a bank.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(3)A straight B/L,an order B/L and a blank B/LAccording to whether the B/L is transferable,it is divided into three kinds:straight B/L,order B/L and blank B/L.A straight B/L i
18、s made out so that only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.This kind of B/L is not transferable.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,An order B/L indicated that the bill is made out to the order of or to order of any person named in such a bill,wh
19、ich may be transferred/negotiated after endorsement.So it is sometimes called transferrable B/L,and commonly used in international practice.A blank B/L is also called open B/L or bearer B/L.It refers to the bill in which the name of a definite consignee is not mentioned.This kind of B/L can be trans
20、ferred/negotiated without endorsement.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(4)A direct B/L,A transshipment B/L,a through B/LAccording to the modes of transport,it can be divided into three kinds.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(5)A long form B/L,A short form B/LAccording to the contents of the B/L,it can be di
21、vided into two forms:Long form B/L and short form of B/L.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(6)other types of B/LA freight prepaid B/L and a freight to be collected B/L运费预付提单和运费到付提单A liner B/L and a charter party B/L班轮提单和租船提单Container B/L集装箱提单On deck B/L舱面提单Anti-dated B/L and advanced B/L倒签提单和预借提单,3 Trans
22、portation Clause,1.Time of DeliveryThe time of delivery refers to the time limit during the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed methods.The methods to stipulate the time of delivery in the contract:The shipment with a fixed date.Stipulate a period of fixed time.Stipulate an ind
23、efinite date on which the delivery of goods is to be made.,3 Transportation Clause,2.Port of Shipment and Port of Destination3.Partial Shipment and Transshipment4.Shipping Advice,Examples:Transportation Clause in Contract,1)SHIPMENT DURING APRIL FROM TOKYO TO SHANGHAI.THE SELLERS SHALL ADVISE THE BUYERS 35 DAYS BEFORE THE MONTH OF SHIPMENT OF THE TIME.THE GOODS WILL BE READY FOR SHIPMENT.PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSHIPMENT ALLOWED.2)SHIPMENT DURING JAN.2003 FROM SHANGHAI TO AQABA(亚喀巴，约旦),ALLOWING PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSHIPMENT.,The End,
