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1、UNIT 4 Introduction to Drive Train,PartITechnical and Practical Reading,Passage ADrive Train(I),The drive train serves two functions:it transmits power from the engine to the drive wheels,and it varies the amount of torque.,vary vri v.变化，改变torque tC:k n.转力矩，扭矩，转矩，扭力,drive train 传动系统,“Power”is the sp
2、eed at which work is performed.“Torque”is twisting force.,twisting twisti n.扭转,twisting force 扭力，扭转力,The drive train includes:transmission that is connected to the back of the engine and sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels;,include in klu:d v.包括，连在内transmission trnzmiFn n.变速器,drive w
3、heel 主动轮，驱动轮,driveshaft that transmits the power from transmission to differential;,driveshaft draivF:ft n.驱动轴，传动轴，主动轴differential 7difrenFl n.差速器,and differential that sends the power to the two wheel axles.,axle ksl n.轮轴，车轴,rear driveshaft 后传动轴,wheel axle 轮轴，半轴,Some types of drive train layouts us
4、e a“transaxle”,which is simply a combination of the transmission and the differential.,layout lei7aut n.布局，安排transaxle trnsksl n.驱动桥，变速驱动桥，变速传动器，联合传动器,front driveshaft 前传动轴,These are usually found on front wheel drive cars,but are also used on rear-engine cars.,Transmission Type,There are two types
5、of transmissions:manual and automatic.,manual mnjul a.手动（的），人工（的）automatic 7C:tmtik a.自动的，自动装置,If you have a manual transmission,you have to shift the gears yourself,usually with a stick located on your console and the clutch pedal.,shift Fift v.改变，移转，移位gear gi n.齿轮，传动装置，齿轮组stick stik n.手动杆console k
6、nsul n.控制台，操纵台,clutch kltF n.离合器,manual transaxle 手动变速差速器,clutch pedal 离合器踏板,If you have an automatic transmission,the mechanism changes without any help from you.,mechanism meknizm n.机械，机构,automatic transaxle 自动变速驱动桥,This is accomplished through a system that works by oil pressure.,accomplish kCmpl
7、iF v.完成，实现，达到（目的）,oil pressure 油压，油压力,Each shift of the gears is controlled by a shift valve;and the gear changes depend on speed,the road,and load conditions.,shift valve 换挡油阀，换挡阀,Both manual transmission(with its clutch)and automatic transmission(plus its torque converter)accomplish exactly the sa
8、me thing,but they do it in totally different ways.,torque converter 液力变矩器,Manual Transmission,Manual transmissions usually have four or five speeds,and often have“overdrive”,which means that the output shaft can turn faster than the input shaft for fuel economy on the highway.,fuel economy 耗热率，燃油经济性
9、,In general,transmissions with more speeds provide better fuel economy and smoother shifting,but they cost more to manufacture,smooth smu:a.平稳的，流畅的，平滑的，平顺的,so small sub-compact cars will often have optional 4 speed transmissions,while more upscale cars will have 5 or 6 speed transmissions.,Automatic
10、 Transmission,The modern automatic transmission is by far the most complicated mechanical component in todays automobile.,mechanical miknikl a.机械的，力学的component kmpunnt n.部件，成分，零件,Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,hydraulic systems,electrical systems and computer controls,all working
11、 together in perfect harmony.,hydraulic haidrC:lik a.液压的harmony h:mni n.协调，和睦，调和,All automatic transmissions have a shifter that has at least 4 positions,park,reverse neutral and drive.,shifter Fift n.变速杆,Many units also have a low range to assist in engine braking on long downhill runs.,downhill da
12、unhil a.向坡下（的）；ad.走下坡路的（地）,low range 低速挡，低挡,Others have special positions where the driver can manually shift if desired.,Automatic transmissions contain many gears in various combinations.,In a manual transmission,gears slide along shafts as you move the shift lever from one position to another,eng
13、aging various sized gears as required in order to provide the correct gear ratio.,engaging ingeidi a.接合的，啮合的,shift lever 变速杆,gear ratio 齿轮数比，速比，减速比,In an automatic transmission,however,the gears are never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears.,engage ingei v.接合，啮合,This is accompl
14、ished through the use of planetary gear sets.,planetary plnitri a.行星的,planetary gear set 行星齿轮组,The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear,a ring gear and two or more planet gears,all remaining in constant mesh.,sun gear 太阳齿轮，横行齿轮planet gear 行星齿轮constant mesh 经常啮合,The planet gears are connec
15、ted to each other through a common carrier that allows the gears to spin on shafts called“pinions”attached to the carrier.,carrier kri n.支座，托架spin spin v.旋转pinion pinjn n.小齿轮,New Words,vary vri v.变化，改变torque tC:k n.转力矩，扭矩，转矩，扭力twisting twisti n.扭转include in klu:d v.包括，连在内transmission trnzmiFn n.变速器d
16、riveshaft draivF:ft n.驱动轴，传动轴，主动轴differential 7difrenFl n.差速器layout lei7aut n.布局，安排transaxle trnsksl n.驱动桥，变速驱动桥，变速传动器，联合传动器manual mnjul a.手动（的），人工（的）automatic 7C:tmtik a.自动的，自动装置,axle ksl n.轮轴，车轴shift Fift v.改变，移转，移位gear gi n.齿轮，传动装置，齿轮组stick stik n.手动杆console knsul n.控制台，操纵台accomplish kCmpliF v.完成
17、，实现，达到（目的）mechanism meknizm n.机械，机构clutch kltF n.离合器smooth smu:a.平稳的，流畅的，平滑的，平顺的,mechanical miknikl a.机械的，力学的component kmpunnt n.部件，成分，零件hydraulic haidrC:lik a.液压的harmony h:mni n.协调，和睦，调和shifter Fift n.变速拨叉downhill daunhil a.向坡下（的）；ad.走下坡路的（地）engaging ingeidi a.接合的，啮合的planetary plnitri a.行星的carrier
18、kri n.支座，托架spin spin v.旋转pinion pinjn n.小齿轮,Phrases and Expressions,rear driveshaft 后传动轴front driveshaft 前传动轴drive train 传动系统twisting force 扭力，扭转力drive wheel 主动轮，驱动轮wheel axle 轮轴，半轴manual transaxle 手动变速差速器automatic transaxle 自动变速驱动桥clutch pedal 离合器踏板oil pressure 油压，油压力,shift valve 换挡油阀，换挡阀fuel econo
19、my 耗热率，燃油经济性torque converter 液力变矩器low range 低速挡，低挡shift lever 变速杆gear ratio 齿轮数比，速比，减速比planetary gear set 行星齿轮组sun gear 太阳齿轮，横行齿轮planet gear 行星齿轮constant mesh 经常啮合,EXERCISE 1,Mark the following statements with T(True)or F(False)according to the passage.,EXERCISE 2,Translate the following phrases int
20、o Chinese or English.1.Rear Driveshaft 2.主动轮，驱动轮 3.drive train 4.油压，油压力5.clutch pedal 6.液力变矩器7.low range 8.齿圈，内齿圈9.shift lever 10.行星齿轮,EXERCISE 3,Fill in the blanks with the suitable words or phrases given below,changing the form where necessary.low rangepowershift valvehydraulic systemsgear automat
21、icdrive wheelssun gearclutch pedalmanual,1.“”is the speed at which work is performed.2.Transmission is connected to the back of the engine and sends the power from the engine to the.3.There are two types of transmissions:manual and.,4.If you have a manual transmission,you have to shift the gears you
22、rself,usually with a stick located on your console and the.5.Each shift of the gears is controlled by a;the gear changes depend on speed,the road,and load conditions.,6.transmissions usually have four or five speeds.7.Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,electrical systems and computer
23、 controls.8.Many units also have a to assist in engine braking on long downhill runs.,9.In an automatic transmission,the are never physically moved.10.The basic planetary gear set consists of a,a ring gear and two or more planet gears.,EXERCISE 4,Translate the Chinese parts given in the brackets int
24、o English.1.The drive train _(将汽车发动机的动力传给驱动车轮).2.If you have a manual transmission,_(你必须自己换挡).,3.Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,hydraulic systems,electrical systems and computer controls,_(所有一切都非常协调地在运行).4.The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear,a ring gear and two or
25、 more planet gears,_(它们始终保持着接合状态).,5.The planet gears are connected to each other through a common carrier that _(行星齿轮架使行星齿轮在轴上旋转).,Passage B,Drive Train(II),Clutch,Another basic component of all drive trains is a clutch.,basic component 基础部件,It is a rotating mechanism between the engine and the tra
26、nsmission.,It operates through friction which comes from contact between the parts.,In a car with a manual transmission,we need a clutch because the engine spins all the time and the car wheels dont.,In order for a car to stop without killing the engine,the wheels need to be disconnected from the en
27、gine somehow.,disconnect disknekt v.分离，切断,The clutch allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.,slippage slipi n.滑移，滑动,The clutch includes the flywheel,clutch disk,pressure plate,pressure plate cover and the linkage necessa
28、ry to operate the clutch.,clutch disk(clutch plate)离合器盘,pressure plate 离合器压盘pressure plate cover 离合器盘盖,The flywheel is bolted to the crankshaft of the engine.,Its main function is to transfer engine torque from the engine to the transmission.,The clutch disk is basically a steel plate,covered with a
29、 frictional material that goes between the flywheel and the pressure plate.,frictional friknl a.摩擦的,A pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel.It includes a sheet metal cover,heavy release springs,a metal pressure ring that provides a friction surface for the clutch disk.,release spring 回位弹簧，分离弹簧pre
30、ssure ring 压环friction surface 摩擦面，摩擦表面,The release bearing is the heart of clutch operation.,release bearing(throw-out bearing)分离轴承,When the clutch pedal is depressed,the release bearing moves toward the flywheel,pushing in the pressure plates release fingers and moving the pressure plate fingers or
31、 levers against pressure plate spring force.,depress dipres v.压低，压下，按下,clutch pedal 离合器踏板,release finger 离合分离爪，离合器分离指pressure plate finger 离合器压盘指,The linkage transmits and multiplies the drivers leg force to the fork of the clutch pressure plate.,multiply mltiplai v.增加，倍增，增多,fork f:k n.叉，离合器叉,A mech
32、anical clutch linkage usually consists of the clutch pedal,a series of linkage rods and arms,or a cable.,A hydraulic clutch linkage typically includes a clutch master cylinder and reservoir,a hydraulic line and a slave cylinder.,reservoir rezvw:n.储液器,clutch master cylinder 离合器总泵，离合器主缸hydraulic line
33、液压管路slave cylinder 离合器分泵，从动缸,Torque Converter,Automatic transmission cars use a“torque converter”instead of a clutch.,torque converter 液力变矩器,A torque converter is a lager doughnut shaped device that is mounted between the engine and the transmission.,doughnut dunt n.油炸圈饼,It turns at the same speed a
34、s the engine.Figure 4-12 shows how everything is connected inside the torque converter.,The torque converter has three parts that work together to transmit power to the transmission.,The three parts of the torque converter are impeller(or pump),the turbine,and the stator.,impeller impel n.泵轮，轮叶,turb
35、ine t:bin n.涡轮,stator steit n.导轮,The impeller is mounted directly to the torque housing which in turn is bolted directly to the engines crankshaft and turns at engine speed.,The turbine is inside the housing and is connected directly to the input shaft of the transmission providing power to move the
36、 car.,input shaft 输入轴，主动轴,The stator(or guide wheel)between the two is mounted to a one-way clutch so that it can spin freely in one direction but not in the other.,The torque converter is filled with transmission fluid that is moved by the impeller blades.,transmission fluid 传动液，变速箱润滑油,The stators
37、vanes catch the oil thrown off from the impeller,and use it to move the turbines blades.,vane vein n.叶片,blade bleid n.叶片，轮片,When the impeller spins above a certain speed,the turbine spins,driven by the impeller.,Figure 4-13,Drive Shaft,A drive shaft and universal joints(U-joints)connect the transmis
38、sion to the rear drive axle on most rear-wheel-drive cars.,universal joint 万向接头,rear drive axle 后驱动桥,Many four-wheel-drive cars also use drive shafts and universal joints,with one drive shaft between the transfer case and rear drive axle and a second drive shaft between the transfer case and the fro
39、nt drive axle.,drive axle 传动轴，驱动轴,Figure 4-14,The drive shaft is sometimes called a propeller shaft.,propeller prpel n.推进器,The drive shaft and U-joints provide a means of transferring engine torque to drive axles.,The universal joints allow the drive shaft to move up and down,to allow for suspension
40、 travel.,suspension sspenn n.悬挂，悬架,Some drive shafts also have a slip joint that allows the drive shaft to make minor length changes as the car suspension height changes.,Differential System,The differential is mounted in a housing or a differential case and revolves with the ring gear.,differential
41、 case 差动齿轮箱，差速器箱,It performs two tasks:when the car is traveling straight ahead,both wheels are free to rotate,the lever will divide the diving force equally,and both disks will move the same amount.,Figure 4-15,When a car is cornered,the inner wheel moves through a shorter distance than the outer w
42、heel.This means that the inner wheel must slow down,and the outer wheel must speed up.,inner wheel 内侧车轮,outer wheel 外侧车轮,New Words,disconnect disknekt v.分离，切断engage ingei v.接合，啮合slippage slipi n.滑移，滑动frictional friknl a.摩擦的depress dipres v.压低，压下，按下multiply mltiplai v.增加，倍增，增多fork f:k n.叉，离合器叉reservo
43、ir rezvw:n.储液器,doughnut dunt n.油炸圈饼impeller impel n.泵轮，轮叶turbine t:bin n.涡轮stator steit n.导轮vane vein n.叶片blade bleid n.叶片，轮片propeller prpel n.推进器suspension sspenn n.悬挂，悬架,Phrases and Expressions,basic component 基础部件clutch disk(clutch plate)离合器盘pressure plate 离合器压盘pressure plate cover 离合器盘盖release s
44、pring 回位弹簧，分离弹簧pressure ring 压环friction surface 摩擦面，摩擦表面release bearing(throw-out bearing)分离轴承clutch pedal 离合器踏板,release finger 离合分离爪，离合器分离指pressure plate finger 离合器压盘指clutch master cylinder 离合器总泵，离合器主缸hydraulic line 液压管路slave cylinder 离合器分泵，从动缸torque converter 液力变矩器input shaft 输入轴，主动轴,transmission
45、fluid 传动液，变速箱润滑油universal joint 万向接头rear drive axle 后驱动桥transfer case 分动箱，分动器drive axle 传动轴，驱动轴differential case 差动齿轮箱，差速器箱inner wheel 内侧车轮outer wheel 外侧车轮,EXERCISE 5,Abbreviations are very useful in practical work.Do you know the following English abbreviations you often come across in handling aut
46、omotive materials?Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms.,PartIIGlance at the Structure of the Automobile,The following is the air filter.Sample,EXERCISE 6,The following are some functions on automobile.After reading them,you are required first to choose the interpretatio
47、ns given in Column C match the functions given in Column A,and then put the best answer in Column B.,EXERCISE 7,The following are some expressions for the famous brands(Italy Motors Corp.).Match the following brands in Column A with their Chinese equivalents in Column B.,A B,A.菲亚特（Fiat）B.布加迪（BUGATTI
48、）C.兰博基尼（Lamborghini）D.平尼法尼那（PINIFARINA）E.法拉利（Ferrari）F.博通（BERTONE）G.依维柯（IVECO）H.阿巴斯（ABARTH）I.德托马索（DETOMASO）J.阿尔法罗密欧（Alfa Romeo）K.伊索（ISORIVOLTA）L.边赤（BIANCHI）,PartIII Have a Try,Troubleshooting GuideSample 1Symptom:Down shifting seems harshDescription of problem:Whenever you let off the gas pedal afte
49、r driving some time,the transmission seems to jerk into a lower gear.,You especially notice the harshness of the shift when you press on the gas pedal for“passing gear”.Passing gear is really the next lowest gear for the transmission.The transmission downshifts to provide more power for passing.Hars
50、h downshifting is not good and is not normal.You dont notice any other problem with the transmission.,Probable Causes:,1.The throttle linkage for the transmission is out of adjustment or damaged.2.The fluid level in your transmission is incorrect.3.You have an internal problem in the transmission.,4
