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1、中英直接对接构词法的影响,中文直接对接构词法的影响1：中文词的一一对译,1）the date of returning gain good achievement expert skills see from the long vision I never closed my eyes.a cooking book,中文直接对接构词法的影响2:忽视英语词组的词性变化,1）see power2)long distant education,中文直接对接构词法的影响3:忽视英文近义词的细微差异,1）living level2)A house is a fortune,英汉构句法差异与误例分析,英语
2、惯用衔接手段体现形合(1)People all know that reading is very important.(2)People have different opinions towards how to read(3)Some people say wed better read selectively.(4)Other people believe that we should read extensively.(5)As for me,I prefer to strike a balance between the two.(6)The reasons are as foll
3、ows,英语惯用非谓语动词突出动词主次,例1：他（何美之）叫浑家煮了一只母鸡，把火腿切了，酒舀出来烫着。例2：慢跑和长跑有助于锻炼这种精神。,那个黑的人一把抢过灯笼，扯下纸罩，裹了馒头，塞与老栓。,英汉构篇法差异与误例分析,Outdoor Activities and Indoor Activities,Compare with the outdoor activities and indoor activities.Its,If you have no time to do outdoor activities，why dont you spend five minutes to try s
4、ome indoor activities?,Outdoor Activities and Indoor Activities(version 1),Have you ever gone swimming on a stuffy summer day?Have you ever been to the seashore to see the splendid waves?Have you ever stood on the peak of a mountain with cloud around you?Have you ever walked in the quite silver moon
5、light?If you have no experience like these,your life is an inadequate one which lacks colors and vigor.Many successful figures in the history preferred to take exercises outside.Therefore in my point of view,I like outdoor activities much more than indoor activities.,Version 2(1)As for me,I prefer o
6、utdoor activities.(2)I think they are necessary and very important.(3)Nobody can deny their importance.(4)Those who think they are of no use will suffer a lot in the future.,Version 3,As is known,both indoor and outdoor activities benefit humans to some extent.As for me,I prefer outdoor exercises be
7、cause they can not only build our body greatly,but make our mind stronger.,Version 4(1)As for me,I prefer outdoor activities because they can build my mind greatly.(2)it tested my will when I first climbed high mountains.(3)I almost could not move,but I finally succeeded.(4)I entered 3000-meter runn
8、ing.(5)I almost could not breathe,but I also succeeded.,Version 5 As for me,I prefer outdoor activities because they can build my mind greatly.(2)For example,climbing high mountains and long running are two key ways to test our will.Holding on to the last minute in such activities makes us know the
9、meaning of perseverance.,Manuscript Form,Arrangement,Leaving marginsCapitalizing the titleBlock form and Indented formWord DivisionPunctuationHandwriting,How to Standardize the Titles?,1.my first visit to the palace museum.2.the people without a country.3.rules to abide by.4.Dickens and David Copper
10、field.5.what can the artist do in the world of today.6.what reform means to China.7.the English-speaking people in Quebec.,Levels of Words,Formal wordsCommon wordsColloquial wordsNonstandard words/Substandard(origin,usage,examples,other names/alias),The meaning of words,Denotation VS.connotationStyl
11、istic difference degree of emphasis emotional coloring difference in tone collocation(examples),The meaning of words,Some college students lack in the practical knowledge of target jobs.Being royal to ones own country is the basic requirement of a citizen.The area of Chinas dessert extended 805 km l
12、ong and about 485 km wide.Online games exercise unfavorable affect on teens.There are always mistake that rise from a basic the harms of online games.It is of utmost importance to rise peoples consciousness of the harms of online games.Learning to be economic is one of the significant steps for youn
13、gsters to live independently overseas.,8.Chinas foreign exchange conserve rose 104.7 percent in the past five years from 1997 to 2002,from 139.9 billion US dollars to 286.4 billion US dollars.,Variety,句子结构转变：同义结构替换,I like various kinds of outdoor activities like jogging,swimming and play football.Se
14、veral reasons can explain my preference.The booksellers are always keen to ensure that the books are to their customers liking.But initially it is hard to judge what are college students preferences.Some like classic novels,while others prefer books with practical use.,The sex/sexual discrimination
15、remains in the modern society.,性别歧视现在是我们值得重视的问题,is still a problem that deserving peoples attention.,In the modern society,the womens status rise a lot.On the reason that,women have participated in every aspects of jobs.,Many boss prefer to male staff.Even if,female staff is more outstanding and har
16、d working.,It is ridiculous for people to regard female as loser in the competition,while human rights should be strongly emphasized.,However,one phenomenon cant be neglected that the equal amount of work can get equal pay.,On the common ground,women are not scolded.But the hidden discrimination is
17、still lurking.,Women have lower chances of getting better opportunities.,例2 The sex discrimination still finds its popularity in some regions which could be proved with the striking number of girls dropping out of school.There are 81 million females out of 121 million dropouts all over the world.On
18、the hand,boys enjoy the rights of doing anything as they wish.On the other hand,their female counterparts are still forbidden to enter schools.,对照组：The sex discrimination still finds its popularity in some regions,which could be proved with the striking number of girls dropping out of school.There a
19、re 81 million girls out of 121 million dropouts all over the world.On one hand,boys enjoy the rights of doing anything as they wish.On the other hand,girls are still forbidden to enter schools.,Variety of words,同义词和近义词替代,例1:It is true that television watching will broaden childrens vision,but too mu
20、ch television viewing undermines their health,resulting in obesity and poor eyesight.Scholars also put that exposing too much to television upsets kids mental soundness.,对照组：It is true that television watching will broaden childrens vision,but too much television watching undermines their health,res
21、ulting in obesity and poor eyesight.Scholars also put that too much television watching upsets kids mental health.,例3：The aging population grows 2.38%annually,with the rate of global population increase lagging far behind with 0.87%.Moreover,as is illustrated in the bar chart,the proportion of elder
22、ly people in developed countries claims 20%,with least in the least developed areas,only accounting for 5%.A safe prediction could be that the senior population will continue to boom and more will be found in the developed world.,对照组：The aging population grows 2.38%annually,with the rate of global p
23、opulation increase lagging far behind with 0.87%.Moreover,as is illustrated in the bar chart,the proportion of aging population in developed countries claims 20%,with least in the least developed countries,only accounting for 5%.A safe prediction could be that the aging population will continue to b
24、oom and more will be found in the developed countries.,例4：Television presents a vivid world in front of us.Transforming information,the tube not only gives the news instantly but also shows it in pictures more powerful than word.In particular,the magic box can broadcast live some important events.Th
25、e benefits of this entertainment means are not limited to news coverage.,对照组：Television presents a vivid world in front of us.Transforming information,television not only gives the news instantly but also shows it in pictures more powerful than words.In particular,television can broadcast live some
26、important events.The benefits of television are not limited to news coverage.,上下义词替换,Internet provides easy access to a reservoir of information,however,there are also dangers lurking behind such media.,句子结构转变：同义结构替换,I like various kinds of outdoor activities like jogging,swimming and football playi
27、ng.Several reasons can explain my preference.The booksellers are always keen to ensure that the books are to their customers liking.But initially it is hard to judge what are college students preferences.Some like classic novels,while others prefer books with practical use.,3.When studying aboard,ch
28、ances will be less to share feelings with others.Loneliness will seize most teenagers in the beginning without the necessary exchanges of thoughts and ideas.,4.There is a trend of increase in t he cases of juvenile delinquency globally.60%of the youngsters violated the law without deliberation.The h
29、eated discussion arises as to how much should those unintentional wrongdoers pay for their misdeeds?,5.The government and the police are duty-bound to keep the drug abuse under control,whereas parents and relatives are not supposed to shoulder off their responsibilities for the narcotics addicts.,De
30、licious:,appetizing/sweet/honeyed,heavy/rich,disgusting,upset/turn my stomach,nauseating,as salty as herring,unpleasant,bitter,sour,milk-and-water/savorless,fresh/nutrient/nourishing,meaty/juicy,spicy/hot,Idioms,Phrasal verbs1.My plan failed.My plan abolished.My plan fell through2.Can you tell me wh
31、at happened Can you inform me of what happened,Idioms 1 短语动词,对照组：Institutions concerned shall investigate the matter of how many middle school students are Internet addicts.,Institutions concerned shall look into the matter of how many middle school students are Internet addicts.,对照组：Local people sh
32、all be told the necessity to protect wild animals.,2.Local people shall be informed of the necessity to protect wild animals.,对照组：However,new problems appear immediately.,3.However,new problems crop up immediately.,对照组：Some college students fail to tolerate the pressure of study.,4.Some college stud
33、ents fail to put up with the pressure of study.,Idioms 2:常用短语动词,make up vs.invent/fabricateturn out vs.producecome up with(a good idea)vs.give/havework out vs.solvecall off vs.cancelhold up/put off vs.postponeturn down vs.reject/declinestand up for vs.supportcatch up with vs.overtake,10.run up again
34、st vs.encounter11.look in on vs.visit12.break in on vs.interrupt,Rhetorical questions,Why dont I have a telephone?Not because I pretended to be wise or pose as unusual.Why dont I like the telephone?Because I think it is a pest and a time-waster.2.Will so-called lucky numbers really bring people good
35、 luck?I dont suppose so.,Why should we write letters to each other since we have telephones and E-mail,more efficient substitutes?Why not work together to put an end to such immoral behaviors?Is there anything more precious than life?Isnt it a cheap and convenient entertainment to watch TV in your s
36、pare time?,Rhetorical question 在开头段的运用,例1：Are local television newscasts a reliable source of news?Do they provide in-depth coverage and analysis of important local issues?Unfortunately,all too often they do not.例2：Should firecrackers be banned?Peoples answers to the question are many and varied.,Rh
37、etorical question 在结尾段的运用,We can blame the isolation of the old in America on young people.These old people may act like its not important,but in the deep parts of their hearts they must feel lonely.They need their children to stay with,to talk with and to take care of them.Why dont young Americans
38、take a close look at their custom and adopt the Asian one?,Non-traditional rhetorical devices,评论性副词的运用使役动词的运用抽象名词的运用,The youngsters optimistically believe they will have a promising future.对照组：The youngsters are very optimistic and they believe they will have a promising future.2.They unfortunately
39、turned out to be the victims of the event.对照组：They were unfortunate and turned out to be the victims of the event.3.Coincidentally,the demands for both computer books and foreign language study increased last year.对照组：The demand for computer books increased last year and that for foreign language st
40、udy also increased.,Doing some interesting field sports will freshen our mind.对照组:Doing some interesting field sports will make our mind fresh.2.It was the great number of unemployment that deepened the economic crisis.对照组:It was the great number of unemployment that made the economic crisis deeper.
41、,Some people tend to envy others happiness.对照组：Some people tend to envy others who are happy.2.Punishment will fall on us resulted from our negligence.对照组：We will be punished if we neglect the laws and regulations.3.Due punishment will fall on the car drivers because of their negligence.对照组:The car
42、drivers will be duly punished if they neglect the traffic laws and regulations.,议论文三段式,提出论点论述部分总结论点,Coherence:1.首尾呼应 2.段与段的衔接：如，过渡句，承上启下的句子 3.句与句的衔接：体现逻辑关系的连接手段（cohesive devices)Unity:紧扣主题，围绕中心展开论述。（切勿跑题）Organization:即以上三段式组织得体。,结构三大得分点,语法和词汇三大得分点：,Grammar:如上所述：无重大语法错误Usage:主要指用词要得当，特别注意不同词的感情色彩，短语的
43、搭配，以及名词词组的搭配（如：fierce/keen/bitter competition).Sentence variety:语句灵活对变，多用表示逻辑关系的衔接词。,专业四级大作文开头段的写法,无话可说时可采用两句话开头：简要切题，得分高Introductory Remarks+Thesis Statement(interesting+informative),例：As every college student would agree,life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school.In my eyes,the
44、 main difference lies in the degree of independence.,Nowadays it has become fashionable for college student to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the trend.,例1 Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job.Being an u
45、niversity student,I take a part-time job.Im asked to help a boy with his English.Thus,to my opinion,I think,I can go over my English when I am teaching him;moreover,I can earn some money.But on the other hand,it takes me too much time.,In spite of many disadvantages,many students still like to take
46、part-time jobs,and most of college students choose tutors as their jobs.I think they might have the same opinions.Although we have to teach the middle-school students every weekend,we keep it.Because we want to practice ourselves.,In short,we learn something when were working.No matter what jobs we
47、are taking,we enjoy them.Whats more important,we learn some experience.,例2：Taking a part-time job has become fashionable for college students.The problem is that whether a college student should take such a job.I think it has both advantages and disadvantages.,On the one hand,through a part-time job
48、,you can learn a lot which you couldnt learn from books,e.g.you can learn how to get along with others,how to perform best,etc.Of course,you can earn a lot of money by a part-time job,and spend it on whatever you like.On the other hand,it is certain that a part-time job will take up a lot of your sp
49、are time.If you dont have enough time spent on your study,consequently you may have a lot of trouble in your study.,In a word,taking a part-time job has both good and bad aspects.Whether take it or not,depends on your individual ability and interest.,The advantages derived from A far outweigh the ad
50、vantages we gain from B.Although A enjoys a considerable advantage of,it cant compete with B in When it comes to,A is my preference.As far as I am concerned,A is preferable/superior to B.,The cartoons serve as an appeal for holy and pure integrity.Pens are attached to the counters in banks and post
