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1、English Teaching Methodology,Week 1 Language and language learning,Learning objectives,Know three views of languageUnderstand four theories about language learning and their differencesIdentify the qualities of a good language teacherComprehend three stages of becoming a good language teacher,Outlin
2、e,What makes a good language teacher,Views on language learning,Views on language,How can one become a good language teacher,Discussion:,What is language?,Views on language,Structural viewFunctional viewInteractional view,Language is a linguistic system made up of various subsystems.It is a system o
3、f structures,which involves structural learning,formal instruction of grammatical structures.,The structural view,System of Language,3 sub-systems,Sounds(Phonology),Words(morphology),Grammar(syntax),The structural view,It sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things(municat
4、ion)Instruction focuses on the functions and notions of language;learning through using.,The functional view,Functions,Time Space,Notions,Suggestion Advising OfferingApologizingComplainingThreatening,Language is the reflection of cultures,a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relation
5、s between peopleInstruction on cultures and focus on appropriateness of speech.,The interactional view,Questions:,How is language learned?What are the psycholinguistic and cognitive processes involved in language learning?,Views on learning,Behaviorist theoryCognitive theoryConstructivist theorySoci
6、o-constructivist theory,Views on language learning(1),Behaviorist theory:Learning is a process of habit formation and conditioning.SkinnerLanguage teaching in USA:The Audio-Lingual Method(the“listen-and-repeat”drilling activities).Mistakes were immediately corrected.,Stimulus,Response,Reinforcement,
7、Positive,Negative,Views on language learning(1),The importance of environment Environment Organism,Views on language learning(2),Cognitive(Mentalist)theory:Language is not a form of behaviour.It is rule-based system and learning is a creative process in which Ss are asked to think rather than simply
8、 repeat.Emphasizes mind consciousness.Chomsky(1928-,American linguist),Views on language learning(2),The importance of organism Environment Organism,The impact of Chomskys theory on language teaching,Cognitive code approach:based on the belief that language learning is a process which involves activ
9、e mental processes and not simply the forming of habits.It gives importance to the learners active part in the process of using and learning rules.Although it has not led to any particular method of language teaching,the Communicative Approach makes some use of cognitive code principles.(Richards,et
10、 al.2000:74),Views on language learning(3),Constructivist theory:Learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based oh his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.John Dewey(1859-1952,America)Teaching should be built based on what learners already knew and engage learners
11、in learning activities.,Views on language learning(4),Socio-constructivist theory Emphasizes interaction&engagement with the TL in a social context based on Zone of Proximal Development(ZPD).教学必须要考虑学习者已达到的水平并要走在学习者发展的前面，为此就要确定学习者的发展水平。学习者发展有两种水平：一是现有的发展水平，二是在有指导的情况下借助外界的帮助可以达到的解决问题的水平，或是借助于他人的启发帮助可以
12、达到的较高水平。这两者之间的差距，即学习者现有水平与经过他人帮助可以达到的较高水平之间的差距，就是“最近发展区”或称为“邻近发展区”，而有效的学习应该是在学习过程中，让学习者始终保持在“最近发展区”中活动。Learning is best achieved through the dynamic interaction btwn the T&the learner&btwn learners.Vygostsky(Soviet,18961934),Discussion:,What is a teacher?What is teaching?What is learning?What makes
13、a good language teacher?How can one become a good language teacher?,Three people in a group,one must be my teacher.My teacher for a day is a partner for a lifetime.A teacher is the one who teaches the students morally,intellectually and dispels their doubts.Freaks,stinking number ninesEngineers of s
14、oul,candles,sculptorsThe learned make teachers,the upright set standards.A teacher is a guide,a facilitator.,What is a teacher?,What is teaching?,A strict teacher produces talented students.Ten years to grow a tree,a hundred years to educate a man.Professors,professors,the more they profess the thin
15、ner they get.Teaching is to facilitate learning.,What is learning?,The master leads the learner to the door,but attainment depends on the learners own efforts.Live and learn.Learning without reflecting is like eating without digesting.Learning without reflecting gains nothing,thought without learnin
16、g is dangerous.(学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆）Learning is to construct meaning.,What makes a good language teacher?,Parrot 1993,What makes a good language teacher?,Ethic devotion&personal styles(做人）Professional qualities（做学问）-English knowledge:language,culture-Knowledge about linguistics,methodologypedagogy,psychol
17、ogy-Knowledge about technology-Ability for researching&reflectionC.Physical fitness(?),联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)曾对外语教学质量提出了“个因素和个公式”：,The importance of teacher quality,教学质量(？分）学生（分）教材（分）环境（分）教法（分）教师素质（？）,5.Expert teacher=master teacher 4.Proficient teacher 3.Competent teacher2.Beginning teacher1.Student teac
18、her,How can one become a good language teacher?,How can one become a good language teacher?,Summary of Unit 1,Views on languageThe structural view,the functional view,and the interactional viewViews on language learningThe Behaviourist theory,the Cognitive theory,the Constructivist theory,and the socio-constructivist theoryQualities of a good language teacher Ethic devotion,professional quality,and personal styleThe three stages of becoming a good language teacher,Assignment,1.Read Unit 1,5,14&162.Preview Unit 33.上课须知24条,
