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1、语言学概论复习题注：可利用查找功能复制部分题干查询对应题目和解析。查找按键：Ctrl+F（超越高度）、名词解释2.parole （言语）4. Hyponymy （上下义关系）6.allomorphs （语素变体）8 allophones （音位变体）1（）.POIySemy （多义性）1.arbitrariness（任意性）3.affixes（词缀）5.Connotation（内涵）7.diphthongs（双元音）9.affixes（词缀）二、填空1. Performancereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.2. Linguisticsisg
2、enerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.3. Speechvarietyreferstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.4. Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.5. Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguages
3、iscalledsyntax.6. AsatypeoflinguisticsysteminL2learning,interlanguageisaproductofL2training,mothertongueinterference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.7. Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalledhomonymy.8. Thedist
4、inctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.9. Thereare5mainareasofphoneticstudy.10. Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive.11. Modemlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageassecondary.12. AccordingtoF.deSaussure,performancereferst
5、otheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.三、判断1. Englishisatypicalintonationlanguage.（T）2. Adjectivesbelongtoopenclasswords.(T)3. ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.(F)4. Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytoIearnalanguagesuccessfully
6、lateron.(T)5. Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.(F)6. Englishisatypicalintonationlanguage.(T)7. Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,44Goodmorning!,canberestoredtouIwishyouagoodmorning.(F)8. Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiestheco
7、mbinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.(T)9. Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.(F)10. Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.(F)11. Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.(F)12. Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyo
8、rhyponymy.(T)四、简答1. Definephoneme.Acontrastivephonologicalsegmentwhosephoneticrealizationsarepredictablebyrules.(4points)(or:Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.)2. WhatarethefourcriteriaforclassifyingEnglishvowels?Thepositionofthetongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,thes
9、hapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.3. Whatarethethreesub-branchesofphonetics?Howdotheydifferfromeachother?Phoneticshasthreesub-branchesasfollowing:Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyofhowspeechorgansproducethesoundsiscalledarticulatoryphonetics.Acousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesandoft
10、hetransmissionofspeechsoundsiscalledacousticphonetics.Auditoryphoneticsisthestudyofthewayhearersperceivespeechsoundsiscalledauditoryphonetics.4. Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguagearbitrarinessdualitycreativitydisplacement5. Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.InformativefunctionInterpersonalfu
11、nctionPerformativefunctionMetalingualfunctionPhatiCcommunionfunctionRecreationalfunctionEmotivefunction6. Whatarethedifferencesbetweensurfacestructureanddeepstructure?Theyaredifferentfromeachotherinfouraspects:Surfacestructurescorresponddirectlytothelineararrangementsofsentenceswhiledeepstructurescorrespondtothemeaningfulgroupingofsentences.Surfacestructuresaremoreconcretewhiledeepstructuresaremoreabstract.Surfacestructuresgivetheformsofsentenceswhereasdeepstructuresgivethemeaningsofsentences.Surfacestructuresarepronounceablebutdeepstructuresarenot.
