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1、These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e(McGraw-Hill,2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,1,第九章,构件级设计,Slide Set to accompanySoftware Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e by Roger S.PressmanSlides copyright 1996,2001,2005,2009 by Roger S.P
2、ressmanFor non-profit educational use onlyMay be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e.Any other reproduction or use is prohibited without the express written permission of the author.All copyright info
3、rmation MUST appear if these slides are posted on a website for student use.,靶赵酒怒巫批堂懦裕盎俩清挟杠裹甥联肮详婴幅拜题跨违勺触树猿投饿娱软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,什么是构件？,OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification OMG01 defines a component as“a modular,deployable,and replaceable part of a s
4、ystem that encapsulates implementation and exposes a set of interfaces.”OO view:a component contains a set of collaborating classesConventional view:logic,the internal data structures that are required to implement the processing logic,and an interface that enables the component to be invoked and da
5、ta to be passed to it.,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,2,罩内竞喇谍诚锄矮瓮也溅哑俩劫边液狈水烽啃上庐职邀粉骡层馏太饭侦程软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研
6、究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,什么是构件？,构件是计算机软件中的一个模块化的构造块。OMG UML规范对构件的定义：系统中模块化的、可配置的和可替换的部件，该部件封装了实现并暴露了一组接口。OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification OMG01 defines a component as“a modular,deployable,and replaceable part of a system that encapsulates implementation and exposes a set of interfaces.”,Thes
7、e courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,3,搭嘛跪轧猜硼肉凉鼓廊赴噶蓄扩黔骑例艾挞探烫赦敦海树霸苦蝴全比溜砾软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,什么是构件
8、？,在面向对象软件工程环境中，构件包括一组协作的类（有时，一个构件只包含一个单独的类）。OO view:a component contains a set of collaborating classes。,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,200
9、1,2005,4,香鳞丝哦诗替乓返破拎矗铃苔内缀因册运遁搅娟踊找括皂谣梨需恒咱嚣鼓软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,什么是构件？,与面向对象的构件相似，传统的软件构件也来自分析模型。不同的是，传统的软件构件是以分析模型中的数据流要素作为导出构件的基础。,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provide
10、d with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,5,桂损孺谗博伎蛋铣墒吮理戮耶肥弯派叛豹炎虏矽捉料嫂浙桌酣丈磕姿袍妨软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,面向对象构件,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are p
11、rovided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,6,膨羡滇睛淄劳询夷莫膜统诽瀑掏屈涩屋现獭指进剧释嵌内质疮攘丝灿拄垄软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,基本设计原则,开关原则/The Open-Closed Principle(OCP).“A module component should be open for extension but closed for modification.Li
12、skov替换原则/The Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP).“Subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes.依赖倒置原则/Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP).“Depend on abstractions.Do not depend on concretions.”接口分离原则/The Interface Segregation Principle(ISP).“Many client-specific interfaces are better than
13、 one general purpose interface.重用-发布等价原则/The Release Reuse Equivalency Principle(REP).“The granule of reuse is the granule of release.”公共闭合原则/The Common Closure Principle(CCP).“Classes that change together belong together.”全部重用原则/The Common Reuse Principle(CRP).“Classes that arent reused together sh
14、ould not be grouped together.”,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,7,Source:Martin,R.,“Design Principles and Design Patterns,”download
15、ed from http:,2000.,壹滩拷市倒遂讶些拔铸俺摆鄙幽秩惶铝月吻页胀捡蚂暮柠盼晕稗华耳兰其软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,OCP 原则,模块应该对外延具有开放性，对修改具有封闭性。参看例子。Sensor.docx,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permi
16、ssion by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,8,椎轿乃截设庇盈抖在引与劈礁厕忽限宰曳陇挺渗爷镣苇狰表林谐嗣岛苦戒软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,DIP原则,依赖于抽象，而非具体实现。dip.docx,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e
17、and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,9,酌染祸悟异钧漳膨涅炭饮嘎梧农酝塌黔顶沂绚侗折蛤航押问症尧豆瀑具峙软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,组件级别设计,P179。,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners A
18、pproach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,10,雌眷竿唉赤垛百吊练观谭自化迂臃氏刚撵盟趁恒炯野子崔番览梭离纽侨佛软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,协作图,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitione
19、rs Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,11,稗猛忱傈掉尽俞太毒露苍丑臆裤豫务判淮艘藐捍仔纵租睬踊怔纤勤撬肘勃软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,重构,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practiti
20、oners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,12,葱门垦淋嗅竹圃硬赊尚滴宰田扫眨颜刁劳纲秸赘赂左婴糖薪苍周弱试勇屉软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,动作图,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Prac
21、titioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,13,胰提慈驻绩鹏稗顷肇狙敢呢针医针售胚空复曰篱作宝腮剪燃妆抢袁卫漆囱软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,状态图,These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,6/e and are provided with permission by R.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright 1996,2001,2005,14,栗铰氦奇栓呈乓乞拂驻纺陕肠瑟磷玩释片谈撕简撒钞吓启弟帅饯糊淮客华软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_09_cn_构件设计,
