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1、True/False/NotGivenPaSSage1TheLayersoftheSunConsidertheearth,themoon,andalltheotherplanetsinoursolarsystem.Thinkaboutthemassthatallthoseobjectsmusthavewhentheyarealladdedtogether.Counter-intuitively,addedalltogethertheyaccountforonly0.2%ofthetotalmassofthesolarsystem.Thesunmakesuptheremaining99.8%of
2、allthemassinthesolarsystem!Thesunisthecenterofthesolarsystemandthelargestobjectinthesolarsystem.OursunisastarthatprovideslightandheatandsupportsalmostalllifeonEarth.Thesunisasphere,butunliketheearthandthemoon,itisnotsolid.Mostatomsinthesunexistasplasma,orafourthstateofmattermadeupOfsuperheatedgaswit
3、hanelectricalcharge.Oursunconsistsalmostentirelyoftheelementshydrogenandhelium,andbecausethesunisnotsolidzitdoesnothaveadefinedouterboundary.Itdoes,howevehaveadefiniteinternalstructure.Thereareseveralidentifiablelayersofthesun:Thecoreistheinnermostorcentrallayerofthesun.Thecoreisplasma,butmovessimil
4、arlytoagas.Itstemperatureisaround27milliondegreesCelsius.Inthecore,nuclearreactionscombinehydrogenatomstoformhelium,releasingvastamountsofenergyintheprocess.Theenergyreleasedthenbeginstomoveoutward,towardstheouterlayersofthesun.Justoutsidethecoreistheradiativezone,whichhasatemperatureofabout7million
5、degreesCelsius.Theenergyreleasedinthecoretravelsextremelyslowlythroughtheradiativezone.Particlesoflightcalledphotonscanonlytravelafewmillimetersbeforetheyhitanotherparticleinthesun,areabsorbedandthenreleasedagain.Itcantakeaphotonaslongas50millionyearstotravelallthewaythroughtheradiativezone.Surround
6、ingtheradiativezoneistheconvectionzone.Here,hotmaterialfromnearthesunscenterrises,coolsatthesurface,andthenplungesbackdownwardtoreceivemoreheatfromtheradiativezone.Thismovementhelpstocreatesolarflaresandsunspots.Thesefirstthreelayersmakeupwhatwewouldactuallycallthesun.Thenextthreelayersmakeupthesuns
7、atmosphere.Ofcourse,therearenosolidlayerstoanypartofthesunzsotheseboundariesarefuzzyandindistinct.Thevisiblesurfaceofthesunisknownasthephotosphere.Thisistheregionofthesunthatemitssunlight.Itsalsooneofthecoolestlayersofthesunonlyabout6700oC.Lookingataphotographofthesunssurface,youcanseethatithassever
8、aldifferentcolors:oranges,yellowandreds,givingitagrainyappearance.Wecannotseethiswhenweglancequicklyatthesunasoureyescantfocusthatquicklyandthesunistoobrightforustolookatformorethanabriefmoment.Lookingatthesunforanylengthoftimecancauseblindness,sodonttryit!Sunlightisemittedfromthesunsphotosphere.Afr
9、actionofthelightthattravelsfromthesunreachesEarth.Ittravelsaslightinarangeofwavelengths,includingvisiblelight,ultravioletandinfraredradiation.Visiblelightisallthelightwecanseewithoureyes.Wecantseeultravioletorinfraredradiation,buttheireffectscanQD国IELTSADVANTAGETrue/False/Not Givenstillbedetected.Fo
10、rexample,sunburniscausedbyultravioletradiationwhenyouspendtoomuchtimeinthesun.Thechromosphereisthezoneabout2,000kilometersthickthatliesdirectlyabovethephotosphere.Thechromosphereisathinregionofthesunsatmospherethatglowsredasitisheatedbyenergyfromthephotosphere.Temperaturesinthechromosphererangefroma
11、bout4000oCtoabout10z000oC.Jetsofgasfireupthroughthechromosphereatspeedsupto72,000kilometersperhour,reachingheightsashighas10,000kilometers.Theoutermostlayerofthesun,andtheoutermostpartofitsatmosphere,iscalledthecorona.Itisthesunshaloorcrown.Ithasatemperatureof2to5milliondegreesCelsiusandismuchhotter
12、thanthevisiblesurfaceofthesun,orphotosphere.Thecoronaextendsmillionsofkilometersintospace.Ifyoueverhavethechancetoseeatotalsolareclipse,youwillbeabletoseethesunscorona,shiningoutintospace.Toconclude,inthesunscore,nuclearfusionreactionsgenerateenergybyconvertinghydrogentohelium,andtherestofthesunishe
13、atedbythemovementofthisenergyoutwardfromthecore.Lightenergyfromthesunisemittedfromthephotosphere,andittravelsthroughspace,andsomeofitreachestheearth.ThesunisthesourceofalmostalltheenergyonEarthandsunlightpowersphotosynthesis,aswellaswarmingandilluminatingourEarth.Adaptedfrom:https:en.wikibooks.ora/W
14、iki/HiahSChOOlEarthSCienCe/TheSUnTrue/False/NotGivenQuestions10-14Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationprovidedinpassage1?TrueifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFalseifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNotGivenifthereisnoinformationonthis10. Theinteriorofthesuniscomposedofamixtureofo
15、nlytwoelements.11. Themovementofmatterbackandforthbetweentheradiativezoneandtheareathatsurroundsitgivesrisetosurfacefeatureslikesolarflares.12. Ifapersonweretostareatthesunforalongtime(whileusingequipmenttoprotecttheeyes),theywouldbeabletoseethatmostofthesurfaceofthesunisnotyellow.13. Lighttravelsfasterthroughthechromospherethanitdoesthroughtheradiativezone.14. Nearlyalltheenergyonourplanetisproducedoriginallybymeansofanuclearreaction.
