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1、erecommendationsoftheglobalcommissiononpeople-centredcleanenergytransitionsRecommendationsoftheGlobalCommissiononPeople-CentredCleanEnergyTransitionsThe Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions believes that all clean energy transitions should be truly people-centred and inclusiv
2、e, and that this is essential to the success of energy system transformation at the pace and scale required to deliver global ambition for climate change mitigation. Inaction is not an option.Clean energy transitions will create jobs, enhance our quality of life and ensure a cleaner, healthier envir
3、onment. A people- centred approach ensures the benefits and costs involved in the transformation of our energy system are distributed fairly and in a way that protects the most vulnerable in society. People-centred clean energy transitions require a focus on skills, decent jobs and worker protection
4、; social andDecentjobs and worker protectioneconomic development; equality, social inclusion and fairness; and engaging people as active participants.Our actionable recommendations draw on recent experiences and best practices from around the world. The Commission recognises that local circumstances
5、 and clean energy pathways will differ, and therefore these recommendations may be applied in different ways. The Commission intends for these recommendations to influence the clean energy policies and programmes of governments, funders, investors and international organisations globally in order to
6、 maximise their benefits to people and ensure the overall success of clean energy transitions on the path to net zero.DesigntransitionstomaximisethecreationofdecentjobsDeveloptailoredgovernmentsupportforcommunitiesandworkersaswellasafocusonskillsandtrainingUsesocialdialogue,robuststakeholderengageme
7、ntandpolicyco-ordinationtodeliverbetteroutcomesSocialandeconomicdevelopmentEnsurethatpoliciesenhancesocialandeconomicdevelopment,andimprovequalityoflifeforall5 Prioritiseuniversalcleanenergyaccessandtheeliminationofenergy6 povertyMaintainandenhanceenergysecurity,affordabilityandresilienceEquity,soci
8、alinclusionandfairnessIncorporategender,equalityandsocialinclusionconsiderationsinallpoliciesEnsurefairdistributionofcleanenergybenefitsandavoidtheriskofdisproportionatenegativeimpactsonvulnerablepopulations9 IntegratethevoicesofyoungergenerationsindecisionmakingPeopleasactiveparticipants10 Useinsig
9、htsfrombehaviouralsciencetodesigneffectivebehaviourchangepolicies11 Involvethepublicthroughparticipationandcommunication12 EnhanceimpactthroughinternationalcollaborationandexchangeofbestpracticeDecentjobsandworkerprotection1. DesigntransitionstomaximisethecreationofdecentjobsCleanenergytransitionsca
10、nsignificantlyimprovethelivelihoodsofpeople,generatingmanymorejobsthanwillbelost.However,newjobswillnotalwaysbecreatedinthesameplaces,suitthesameworkersorskillsets,orbeofthesamequalityorremuneration.Strategicdesignofcleanenergytransitionsbygovernmentscanminimisenegativeemploymentdisruptionsandmaximi
11、seopportunitiesfornew,goodqualityjobsacrossregionsbyaligningwithexistingstrengths,infrastructureandskillsets,promotinginnovationandidentifyingopportunitiesinnewandemergingareas.Establishingclearandtransparentlong-termenergytransitionstrategieswillhelpstimulateandde-riskprivateinvestmentincleanenergy
12、sectorstosupportjobcreation. AspartofDenmarksdecisiontophaseoutoilandgasproductionintheNorthSeaby2O5Ozthegovernmentisplanninganaidpackagetoensurelocaljobsfortheexistingskillsetofoilandgasworkersthroughcarboncapture,utilisationandstorage(CCUS)andelectrificationprojects.More detailed descriptions of a
13、ll case studies can be found on the IEAWebSite JaPanhasrecentlybeguntodeployammoniaasafuelforexistingthermalpowerplants,whichcanretainexistingworkforceswhilecreatingjobsinnewsupplychains. Canadaplanstoleverageitsexistingstrengthsintheoilandgassectortodevelopitshydrogensector,creatingupto350000qualit
14、y,greenjobsoverthenextthreedecades.Governmentscanalsoexplicitlyalignindustrialandclimatepoliciestopromoteinnovationandjobcreationingrowingareassuchasenergyservices,renewablesandsmarttechnology.Addressingissuessuchaseconomicdiversificationanddevelopmentwillbeparticularlyimportantforfossilfuelproducin
15、gandexportingcountries.India,sMakeinIndiaindustrialisationstrategyaimstoattractcompaniestoproducesolarPV,lithiumbatteries,solarcharginginfrastructureandotheradvancedtechnologiesinIndia.EnvisionhasbeenworkingwiththecityofOrdosinChia,scoal-producingprovinceofInnerMongoliatorepurposeitseconomybybuildin
16、grenewableanddigitaltechnologyparksasanalternativetocoalproduction. TheEllrODeanGreenDealisacomprehensivegrowthstrategy,coveringallsectorsoftheeconomy,designedtomaximisethejobpotentialofthegreentransition. TheUnitedStates,amongothers,ispromotingthedevelopmentofCCUSthroughtaxcreditsasadecarbonisation
17、pathwayforitsfossilfueldependentindustriestohelppreservejobsinthesesectors.Itisequallyimportanttoensurethatnewjobscreatedbyenergytransitionsareofgoodqualityandupholdthehighestlabourstandards.Therearewell-developedprinciplesforsupportingthoseaffectedbyemploymentchangesincleanenergytransitions,mostnot
18、ablytheInternationalLabourOrganisations(ILO,s)2015GUidSIineSforaJUStTranSitiOnTOWardSEnVirOnmentalIySUStainabIeECOnomieSandSOCietieSforAll,whichprovideapolicyframeworkandspecificrecommendationstoensurethatenergytransitionpoliciesaresociallyinclusiveandsupportdecentwork.Chartingpathwaysfornet-zerowor
19、kforces,includingquantificationofjobpotentials,canhelpgovernmentsunderstandfuturejobopportunitiesandplanforeducationandskillsneeds. RecentIEAanalysisofjobgainsandlossesunderanetzeropathwaywillhelpgovernmentsunderstandandprepareforemploymentshiftsbroughtaboutbyenergytransitions.Itillustratesthatstron
20、ginvestmentincleanenergywilloverallboostGDPgrowthandcreatemanymillionsofjobs,althoughcaremustbetakenregardingthedistributionofgainsandlosses. TheUKhassetupaGreenJobSTaSkfOrCetogatherevidenceonskillsneededforthetransitiontonetzero. AstudyofIndiasoptionstomoveawayfromcoalwhilepreservingemploymentandec
21、onomicprospectsforitscoal-reliantcommunitieshighlightstheimportanceofmodellingemploymentanddistributionalimpactsfromcoalclosures.2. DeveloptailoredgovernmentsupportforcommunitiesandworkersaswellasafocusonskillsandtrainingExperienceshowsthatmitigatingadverseeconomiceffectsentailslong-termprogrammesth
22、atfocusonworkersandcommunities.Energyindustriesandtheirsupplychainsareoftengeographicallyconcentratedandcanrepresentthesocial,economicandculturalunderpinningofentirecommunities.Atargetedandlocalapproachisneededtohelpcommunitiesadjusttoandbenefitfromthetransition. InlinewithParisAgreementtargetsandco
23、alphase-outplans,severalcountries,includingSpain,GermanyandCanada,haveenactedjusttransitionprogrammesthatpromoteemploymentopportunitiesandothercommunitysupportmeasuresinimpactedminingregions.Forexample,Spain,sJustTransitionAgreementsoffersupporttolocalindustry,retrainingforgreenjobs,andenvironmental
24、restoration. TheUKpublishedtheNOrthSeaTranSitionDealinMarch2021thatincludesajointcommitmentfromthegovernmentandoilandgascompaniestoinvestuptoGBP16billionby2030tosupportlocaleconomicdiversificationandjobs,includinginareassuchasupstreamdecarbonisation,CCUSandhydrogen,aswellasskillstraining. TheEUJUStT
25、ranSitionFUndWaScreatedasafinancialinstrumenttohelpmembergovernmentsaddressasymmetricjobshifts,particularlyincoalminingregions,throughlong-termsupportmechanisms. MembersoftheUSCongressaretryingtoreviveanadvancedenerRvmanufacturingtaxCreditWithhalfofthemoneysetasideforeligibleentitiestolocateadvanced
26、energymanufacturingfacilitiesincoalcommunitiestobringjobswithsimilarskillsetstotheseareas.Suchsupportsrequiresignificantinvestments,whicharenotequallyaffordabletoallgovernments,andmayrequirefinancialassistance.Inordertomitigatenegativeimpactsonlocaljobs,skillsretrainingandupskillingshouldbeprioritis
27、ed,withtherequisiteinvestmentandengagementwitheducationalinstitutions.Moregranularskillsdatawillbeneededtomatchworkerswithjobsintheneweconomy.Educationforyoungerpeopleincleanenergyfieldsshouldalsoreceivestrongerfocus,totraintheworkforceofthefuture. FranCelaunchedaEUR50millionfundtoretrainfoundrywork
28、ersmakingcast-metalautopartsasitscarindustryshiftstowardproductionofelectricvehicles. Digitalupskilling,inparticular,willbeimportantforcleanenergyjobsofthefuture,asItalyhasdemonstratedwiththelaunchofanationalcoalitionfordigitalskillsandjobsin2020torolloutdigitaltrainingprogrammestocloseskillsgaps. C
29、anadahascommittedCAD35milliontosupportskillsdevelopmentandeconomicdiversificationincoalregionsimpactedbytheenergytransition.Thegovernmentisalsoundertakingtrainingandre-toolingacrossthecountrytobuildaskilledworkforcetosupportanticipatedenergyefficiencysectorgrowth. TheEUroDeanMaSterinReneWabIeEnergyW
30、aSdevelopedbytheEuropeanRenewableEnergyResearchCentresandaconsortiumofuniversitiestotrainpeopleforskillsinrenewableenergyfields.3. Usesocialdialogue,robuststakeholderengagementandpolicycoordinationtodeliverbetteroutcomesSocialdialoguewithunions,employersandgovernmentaswellasrobuststakeholderengageme
31、nt-suchaswithcommunities,internationalorganisations,academiaandcivilsociety(includingyouth)-buildspublicsupport,incorporateslocalperspectives,invitesinnovativeideasfromdiversestakeholders,andhelpscreateplansthataresustainable,culturallyappropriateandfeasibletoimplement.Socialdialogueandstakeholderen
32、gagementshouldincludeclearcommunicationonthenecessityofrapidtransitions.Failuretodosomeansworkers,communitiesandindustriesriskbecomingstrandedinincreasinglyuncompetitiveindustries. SouthAfricasstatutorysocialdialoguebody,NEDLACjbringstogethercivilsocietyalongwithtraditionalsocialpartners.Ithasnegoti
33、atedasocialcompactonthetransitionofthecountry,sutility,Eskom. TheGermangovernmentestablishedamulti-stakeholderCommiSSionOnGrowth,StrUCtUralChanReandEmployment,WhiChmaderecommendationsonthetimingandpaceofthecoalphase-outaswellastransitionalassistancetoaffectedcommunities.Therecommendationsarenowembod
34、iedinlegislationaswellassocialdialoguebetweenemployersandunions. AspartofSpainsrecovery,transformationandresilienceplan,thegovernmenthaspromotedahigh-levelenergytransitionforumtodiscussprogressontheplansgreencomponentswithbusiness,civilsocietyandacademia. TheEUinitiativeforcoalregionsintransitionest
35、ablishedaEuropean-wide,multi-stakeholderforumtodiscusscommonissuesandpossiblesolutionsforthephase-outofcoalinlinewithEUenergyandclimateobjectives.TheEUalsohassectoralsocialdialoguefortheelectricitysector,underwhichunionfederationsandtheemployerorganisationEURELECTRIChavenegotiatedagreementsonskills,
36、justtransitionandothertopics.Socialdialogueandstakeholderengagementonaregionalandlocalbasisareequallyimportanttoensurethatlocalpartnershaveaseatatthetabletodecideonplansfortheirfutureredevelopment. Inlinewiththegovernmentssocialdialoguewithunionsandcoalcompaniesandsubsequentagreementtophaseoutofcoal
37、miningby2049,Polandisundertakingintensiveengagementwithcoalregionstowardthecreationofregionalplanstodirectinvestmentincoalcommunitiestosupportthetransition. In2018,theCanadiangovernmentestablishedthefederalTaskForceonJustTransitionforCanadianCoalPowerWorkersandCommunitiestoundertakeconsultationswith
38、coalcommunitiesinAlberta,Saskatchewan,NovaScotiaandNewBrunswick,andtomakerecommendationsonajusttransitiontothefederalgovernment.Policyco-ordinationacrossthegovernmentisalsoimportant.Addressingtheemploymentandsocialimpactsofenergytransitionpolicesrequiresstrongerco-ordinationacrossgovernmentagencies,
39、beyondjustenergyorclimateministries,includingwithfinance,trade,transport,labour,agricultureandeducationministries. Forexample,SouthAfricasPreSidentialCIimateChangeCoOrdinatingCOmmiSSiOnbringstogethergovernment,industryandcivilsocietytoco-ordinategovernmentactionanddevelopaframeworkonthejusttransitio
40、n. PanamaestablishedanEnerRyTransitionCoUnCilt。provideadvice,consultationandaccountabilityfortheStrategicGuidelinesofPanamazSEnergyTransitionAgenda. TheUSadministrationsetupanInteragenCVWorkinrGrOUPOnCoalandPoWerPIantCOmmUnities,bringingtogetherleadersofdifferentagenciestofindacollaborative,all-of-g
41、overnmentapproachtoidentifyexistingresourcesandnewopportunitiestoassistcommunitiesthathavebeenimpactedbytheenergytransition.SenegalsAgencyfortheEconomyandEnergyManagement(AEME)hassignedagreementswiththeMinistryofTradetocoordinateactionsonenergyefficiencyandtheenergytransition.Socialandeconomicdevelo
42、pment4. Ensurethatpoliciesenhancesocialandeconomicdevelopment,andimprovequalityoflifeforallCleanenergytransitionswillprovideanimportantopportunitytoadvanceeconomicandsocialdevelopment,notjustthroughjobcreation,butalsobyprovidingtheclean,affordableenergyrequiredtoallowenvironmentalprotection,economic
43、developmentandgrowth,andabetterqualityoflife. InIndia,COmmUnityCC)Olin2HIJbSarehelpingfarmingcommunitiesbyaggregatingcoolingdemandandenhancingefficiency.Suchapproachescancombinefoodcoolingsupplychainswithotherservices,suchascommunityhealthservicesandemergencyservices,tobettermeetcommunityneeds. Zimb
44、abwehasgreatlyimprovedaffordabilityandreliabilityofenergyforhealthcarefacilitiesinpoor,remoteandruralareasbyinstallingsolarpanelsaspartoftheSoIarforHealthInitiative.KenVahasachievedsimilarresultsthroughitsOff-GridSoIaSACCeSSproject. Buildingoffthesuccessfuldeploymentofoff-gridsolarinstallationsinrem
45、oteareas,thecomplementarydeploymentofhighlyenergy-efficientequipmentinoff-gridhealthCIiniCShasbeenseentosuccessfullyexpanddeliveryofhealthservices. SEforALL1SUniVerSalELefgVFaCilitV(UEF)ispromotingresults-basedfinancingforoff-gridelectricityaccesstoexpandserviceswhilereducingemissionsfromexistingene
46、rgysources. COVID-19recoveryprogrammesofferanopportunitytoadvancebothcleanenergyanddevelopmentgoals,especiallythroughthefinancingofinfrastructure.However,IEAanalysisshowsthatgloballytheproportionofstimulusfundingdedicatedtocleanenergyiscurrentlyonly2%.Renewableenergyinfrastructurecanalsoserveasamajo
47、rdriverforeconomicdevelopmentinregionsrichinrenewableresources,whichareofteninruralareaswithlessindustrialactivity.Severalgovernmentshavedesignatedsuchregionsaspriorityareasforcleanenergyinvestments.Forexample,renewableenergyzonesincountriessuchasAustraliaandTurkeyhavebeenmajordriversofincreasedinve
48、stmentandlocaleconomicdevelopment.Itisequallyimportanttoensurethatcleanenergytransitionsprovideopportunitiesforlocalcapacitybuildingthatcansupportjobcreationandeconomicdevelopment.Internationalco-operationoncleanenergytechnologycapacitybuildingwillalsobeimportantinthisregard. TheREneWAfriCaInitiatiV
49、eassistslocalgovernmentsindevelopingamoreinvestment-friendlyenvironmentthroughde-riskinginstrumentsandcapacitybuilding. TheEnelFoundationhasdevelopedtheOPenAfriCaPoWerinitiative,aneducationalpartnershipinvolvingacademicinstitutionsinItalyandAfrica,tobuildlocalcapacityonsustainableelectricitytopics.Cleanenergypoliciescanalsoimprovequalityoflifeinmanyways,suchasthroughlesspolluted,morelivea
