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1、美国名人印第安人酋长疯马CrazyHorseWasChiefoftheLakota,aWarriorandaHolyManplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:15repeatByBarbaraDash2006-11-11VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndImSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellthestoryofaNativeAmerican,CrazyHorse.HewasaleaderoftheLakotaIndians.
2、SomepeoplecallhistribetheOglalaSioux.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CrazyHorsespeoplebelongedtooneofsevengreatfamilieswhocalledthemselvesLakota.ThewordLakotameansfriendsorallies.TheLakotapeoplewerehunters.Theymovedwiththeseasons.Theymovedthroughthegreatflatlandsandthegreatmountainsofthenorth-centralUnitedStates.Th
3、eLakotadependedonwildanimalsforfoodandclothing,andforthematerialstomaketheirtoolsandhomes.Theydependedespeciallyonthebuffalo,thegreathairyox-likecreature.Hugegroupsofbuffaloranfreeacrosstheirlands.VOICETWO:GreatchangescametotheIndianterritoriesduringthemiddleeighteenhundreds.ThepopulationoftheUnited
4、Stateswasgrowing.SettlersleftthecitiesoftheEastforthewideopenspacesoftheWest.Thesettlersfollowedtherailroadsextendingacrossthecontinent.MoresettlersmovedwestwhengoldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaineighteenforty-nine.ThewaysofthesettlerswerenotthewaysoftheIndians.Thecultureofthewhitepeopleclashedwiththecu
5、ltureoftheredpeople-ofteninviolence.TheUnitedStatesarmywassenttomovetheIndiansandprotectthesettlers.ManyIndiantribesrefusedtomove.Theirlands,theysaid,containedthebonesoftheirfathersandmothers.Itwasholyground.Theyfoughtthesoldiers.VOICEONE:CrazyHorsestribe,theLakota,hadmanypowerfulleadersandskilledwa
6、rriors.CrazyHorse,himself,wasgreatlyfeared.Thesoldierscouldnotdefeathiminbattle.MostwhitepeopledidnotunderstandwhytheLakotafoughtsohard.TheyknewlittleoftheIndianswayoflife.TheydidnotknowCrazyHorseatall.MuchofwhatwehavelearnedaboutCrazyHorsecamefromhisownpeople.Eventoday,theystilltalkabouthim.TotheLa
7、kota,hewasbothawarriorandaholyman.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:NooneknowsforsurewhenCrazyHorsewasborn.Perhapsaroundtheyeareighteenforty.Butwedoknowwhenhedied.Ineighteenseventy-seven,whenhewasinhismiddlethirties.TherearenophotographsofCrazyHorse.Butitissaidthathewasnotverytall.AndhisskinwasIighterthanmostoftheLak
8、otapeople.Asaboy,CrazyHorselovedtolistentotheteachingsoftheLakotareligion.Hisfatherwasaholymanofthetribe-amedicineman.Hetaughttheboytohonorallthings,becauseallthingshadalifeoftheirown.Notonlypeopleandanimalshadspirits,hesaid,buttreesandrivers,aswell.AboveallwastheGreatSpirit.VOICEONE:CrazyHorsesfath
9、eralsotoldhimthatamanshouldbejudgedonlybythegoodnessofhisactions.Sotheboytriedhardtotellthetruthatalltimesandnottospeakbadlyofothers.CrazyHorselearnedtobeahunter.Hecouldliequietlyforhourswatchingwildanimals.Whenhekilledabirdoradeer,healwayssangaprayerofthanksandsorrow.Healwaysgavethemeattothepoorand
10、tothefamiliesthathadnohunters.ThatwaswhatLakotachiefsdid.VOICETWO:Intime,CrazyHorselearnedthattheIndianswerenotaloneintheirworld.Hewatchedonedayastribesmenbroughtbackthebodyofoneofthechiefs,ConqueringBear.Thechiefhadbeenshotmanytimesbysoldiersafteradisputeoverawhitemanscow.Twotimesinthenextfewyears,
11、youngCrazyHorsesawtheburnedremainsofIndianvillages.Allthevillagepeople,includingwomenandchildren,hadbeenshotbysoldiers.AlltheseeventshelpedshapethepersonalityoftheyoungIndian.CrazyHorsebecameveryquiet.Hewouldgoawayfromhisvillageandspenddaysalone.Hispeoplebegantocallhimthestrangeone.ThenameCrazyHorse
12、-inthelanguageoftheLakota-meantwildhorse.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Whenitwastimeforhimtoplanhisfuture,hisfathertookhimhighintothemountains.Together,theysangaprayertotheGreatSpirit,aprayerlikethis:Grandfather,GreatSpirit,youhaveexistedalways,andbeforeyoutherewasnoone.StandclosetotheEarththatyoumayhearthevoiceI
13、send.You,wherethesungoesdown,lookatme!You,wherethesnowlives.you,wherethedaybegins.you,wherethesummerlives.you,inthedepthsoftheheavens,lookatme!Andyou,MotherEarth.Givemeeyestoseeandthestrengthtounderstand,thatImaybelikeyou.OnlywithyourpowercanIfacethewinds.VOICETWO:CrazyHorsestayedonthemountainbyhims
14、elfforthreedaysandnights.Hedidnoteatordrink.HeprayedthattheGreatSpiritwouldsendhimadreamtoshowhimhowtolive.CrazyHorsedreamed.Heenteredtheworldoftruthandofthespiritsofallthings.TheLakotapeoplecalledthistherealworld.Theybelievedourworldwasonlyanimageoftherealworld.VOICEONE:Inhisdream,CrazyHorsesawaman
15、ridingahorsethroughcloudsofdarknessandbattle.Bulletsflewaroundhim,butdidnothithim.Themanworeastoneunderoneear,andabirdfeatherinhishair.Hisbodywaspaintedwithsharpwhitelines,likelightning.Alightfollowedhim,butitwassometimescoveredbydarkness.CrazyHorseunderstoodthedreamasasign.Heknewhispeoplewereenteri
16、ngatimeofdarkness.Hedressedhimselflikethemaninthedream,sothatnobulletswouldhurthim.Hewouldtrytosavehislandforhispeople.Hewouldtrytoprotecttheirwayofliving.VOICETWO:CrazyHorseprayedeveryday-asthesunrose,atnoon,andasnightcame.Heprayedwheneverhehadsomethingdifficulttodo.Theprayersongswouldcarryhimbackt
17、othepeaceoftherealworld.Hewouldknowtherightthingtodo.Inthevillage,CrazyHorsedidnotkeepthingsforhimself.Heevengaveawayhisfood.Ifothersneededthefoodmore,hewouldnoteatatall.CrazyHorsespentmuchofhistimewiththechildren.Hetalkedandjokedwiththem.Yethiseyeslookedthroughthechildren.Heseemedtobethinkingofsome
18、thingelse.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CrazyHorsefoughtinmorethantwentybattlesagainsttheAmericanarmy.Hewasneverhitbyanenemysbullet.Inbattle,hismindwasclear.Bebrave!theyoungmenwouldshoutastheyfollowedhimintobattle.TheEarthisallthatlasts.ButtheEarththeIndiansknewdidnotlast.Thegovernmentwouldtakemostofit.Thearmydes
19、troyedIndianvillagesandcapturedthosewhowouldnotsurrender.VOICETWO:Almostallthebuffaloweregone,killedbywhitehunters.Thepeoplewerehungry.ManyLakotaandotherIndianscametoCrazyHorseforprotection.ThegovernmentsentamessagetoCrazyHorse.Itsaidifhesurrendered,hispeoplecouldliveandhuntonapartofthelandthathecho
20、se.CrazyHorseandhispeoplecouldfightnomore.Theyacceptedthegovernmentoffer.Theysurrendered.Thegovernment,however;didnotkeepitspromisetoletthemchoosewheretheywouldlive.Severalmonthslater,onSeptemberfifth,eighteenseventy-seven,CrazyHorsewenttothearmycommandertomakeanangryprotest.Guardsarrestedhim.Hestru
21、ggledtoescape.Asoldierstabbedhimwithaknife.ThegreatLakotaIndianchiefdiedthenextday.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-nine,thetribeaskedanartisttomakeastatueofCrazyHorse.TheIndianswantedahugestatuecutintothesideofamountain.ItwouldshowCrazyHorseridingarunninghorse,pointinghisarmtowheretheEarthmeetsthesky-toth
22、elandsoftheLakotapeople.Thetribetoldtheartist:Wewouldlikethewhitemantoknowtheredmanhadgreatheroes,too.Ifyouvisitthemountaintoseethestatue,youmayhearinthewindthesongofanoldman.Hesings:CrazyHorse,yourpeopledependonyou.Bebrave.Defendyourpeople!(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyBarbaraDash.ItwasproducedbyMarioRitter.OurstudioengineerwasSulaimanTarawaley.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmPhoebeZimmermann.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
