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1、美国名人剧作家阿瑟米勒ArthurMillerplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByJeriIynWatson2005-3-5(THEME)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutArthurMiller.ManytheatercriticsbelievehewasoneofthegreatestAmericanplaywrightsofthetwentiethcentury.(THEME)V
2、OICEONE:SeveralplaysbyArthurMillerwillprobablybeperformedformanyyearstocome.ThatisbecausecriticssayMillerwasabletodramatizetheemotionalpainthataveragepeoplesufferintheirdailylives.AcriticoncedescribedMillerasanactivistforthecommonman.Hedemonstratesthiswellinoneofhismostfamousplays,DeathofaSalesman.T
3、hemaincharacterisamanwhosedreamsofsuccessinbusinesshavedied.ButMillersinterestintheaveragemandidnotstophimfromexploringmajorproblemsofsociety.InTheCrucible,forexample,heshowswhathappenswhenunreasonabledislikeandfearcausepeopletoaccuseinnocentpeopleofhorriblecrimes.Someotherofhisbest-knownplaysinclud
4、eAllMySons,AViewfromtheBridgeandAftertheFall.VOICETWO:ArthurMillerwasborninNewYorkCityinnineteenfifteen.HediedintwothousandfiveathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut.Forsixtyyears,hecreatedonedramaticworkafteranother.Millerwonmanyawardsforhisplays.AmongthemwereaPulitzerPrize,NewYorkDramaCriticsCircleprizesa
5、ndTonyawards.Innineteeneighty-four;theJohnF.KennedyCenterforthePerformingArtsinWashington,D.C.honoredhimforhislifetimeworkindrama.VOICETWO(CONT):Milleralsocreatedstoriesformovies.Forexample,hewroteTheMisfitsforactressMarilynMonroe.Millerstelevisiondrama,PlayingforTime,toldofanorchestraofprisonersatt
6、heNazideathcamp,Auschwitz,duringWorldWarTwo.Millerwasalsoapoliticalactivistforhumanrights.ButitwasdramaperformedinthetheaterthatMillerlovedmost.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ArthurMillergrewupinNewYork.Hisfather,IsidoreMiller;manufacturedclothingandoperatedastore.ButthefatherlosthismoneyinthegreateconomicDepressi
7、oninthenineteenthirties.ThefamilyhadtomovefromacostlyapartmentinManhattantoasmallhouseinBrooklyn.DuringtheDepression,Arthurworkedatmanyjobstoearnmoneyforcollege.Innineteenthirty-fouGhebeganstudyingEnglishattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Millerwonanawardforwritingplayswhileatschool.VOICETWO:Miller
8、returnedhometoNewYorkaftercompletinghisstudies.Hemarriedhiscollegegirlfriend,MarySlattery.Theyhadtwochildrenbeforelaterendingtheirmarriage.Innineteenforty-four,ArthurMillersfirstmajorplaywasperformedonBroadway.ItwascalledTheManWhoHadAlltheLuck.However,theplaydidnotbringhimgoodluck.Ithadonlyfourperfo
9、rmances.ButhissecondBroadwayplay,AllMySons,wasamajorsuccessItwonseveralawardsinnineteenforty-seven.AllMySonstellsofamanufacturerwhoproducesfaultypartsforairplanesusedinWorldWarTwo.Oneofhissonsdiesastheresultofthefatherscrime.Intheplay,Millerexaminestherelationshipbetweenthepressuretosucceedandperson
10、alresponsibility.VOICEONE:Millersgreatplay,DeathofaSalesman,openedonBroadwayinnineteenforty-nine.Hewasthirty-threeyearsoldwhenhewroteit.DeathofaSalesmanquestionsthepressuresinAmericansocietyforpeopletogainfinancialsuccess.Theplayalsocontinueshisexplorationoftherelationshipsbetweenfathersandsons.Thec
11、entralcharacterinDeathofaSalesmanissixty-year-oldWillyLoman.TheactionopensonthelastdayofWillyslife.Hehasbeendismissedfromhisjobasatravelingsalesman.Healsorecognizesthathehasfailedasafather.Willythinksaboutkillinghimself.WillyswifeLindaunderstandsthatheisdeeplyanddangerouslysad.ButtheirsonBiffcritici
12、zeshisfathersstrangeactions.SheanswerswithsomeofthemostfamouswordsintheAmericantheater:(CUTONE:DEATHOFASALESMANINSPECIALENGLISH)1.INDA:Idontsayhesagreatman.WillyLomannevermadealotofmoney.Hisnamewasneverinthepapers.Buthesahumanbeing,andaterriblethingishappeningtohim.Soattentionmustbepaid.Hesnottobeal
13、lowedtofallintohisgravelikeanolddog.Attention,attentionmustbefinallypaidtosuchaperson.Youcalledhimcrazy-,BIFF:Ididntmean-*1.INDAihNozalotofpeoplethinkheslosthis-balance.Butyoudonthavetobeverysmarttoknowwhathistroubleis.Themanisexhausted.VOICETWO:1.indaknowsthatWillyisextremelytired.Heistiredofliving
14、.Hekillshimselfbeforetheplayisover.LindatalkstoWillyathisburialplace:(CUTTWO:DEATHOFASALESMANINSPECIALENGLISH)IsearchandsearchandIsearch,andIcantunderstandit.Willy,Imadethelastpaymentonthehousetoday.Today,dear.Andtherellbenobodyhome-*VOICEONE:DeathofaSalesmanhadabiginfluenceontheAmericanpublic.Manyp
15、eoplesawtheirownlivesinWillyLomanzthevictimofbrokendreams.Americansdiscussedthefinancialworriesofbusinessmenwhoweregettingold.ButAmericanswerenottheonlyoneswhoidentifiedwiththeideasintheplay.Ithasbeentranslatedintoaboutthirtylanguagesandperformedaroundtheworld.VOICETWO:ArthurMillerscriticismsofmoder
16、nAmericanlifeinfluencedanotherofhismostimportantworks.TheCruciblewasfirstproducedinnineteenfifty-three.ThenineteenfiftieswereatimeofextremefearofCommunismintheUnitedStates.Sometimesthisfearwasunreasonable.MillerexaminedthisdifficultperiodinAmericanhistorybysettinghisplayatanotherdifficulttime.TheCru
17、cibletakesplaceintheseventeenthcentury.HebasedhisplayontrialsthattookplaceinSalem,Massachusetts.Youngwomenintheplayaccusepeopletheydislikeofbeingevilwitches.Theinnocentvictimsareputontrialandexecuted.Thestoryshowsthetragicresultsofuncontrolledsuspicionandfear.TheCruciblehasbeenproducedmorethananyofM
18、illersplays,bothinAmericaandaroundtheworld.VOICEONE:1.ikethevictimsinTheCrucible/theplaywrighthimselfbecametheobjectofsuspicion.Innineteenfifty-six,acommitteeoftheUnitedStatesCongressorderedhimtogiveevidence.Inthenineteenforties,hehadattendedseveralmeetingsforwritersorganizedbytheCommunistParty.TheC
19、ongressionalcommitteewantedthenamesofotherpeoplewhoattendedCommunistmeetings.ArthurMillersaidhewasnotaCommunist.Buthewouldnotgivethecommitteeanynames.HewasfoundguiltyofdisobeyingCongress.Later,however;acourtcanceledthatjudgment.Millerwaslucky.SomepeoplewhowouldnotanswerquestionsbeforeCongressservedt
20、imeinprison.VOICETWO:Somethingelseluckyhappenedtotheplaywrightinnineteenfifty-six.MillermarriedthebeautifulHollywoodactressMarilynMonroe.Buttheirmarriagewastroubled.Monroehademotionalproblems.Theyhadlittleprivacybecausethemediafollowedthefamouscoupleeverywhere.Millerwrotethenineteensixty-onemovieThe
21、Misfitsforhiswife.ThemovieexploredthemodernWildWestthroughthelivesofthreetroubledpeople.ArthurMillerandMarilynMonroeendedtheirmarriagesoonafterthemoviewascompleted.Ayearlater,Monroediedofadrugoverdose.Millerwroteanotherplay,AftertheFall/innineteensixty-four.Criticssaiditwastheplaymostabouthisownlife
22、.Theycriticizedhimforportrayingthewifeofthemaincharacterasawomanwhoisdependentondrugsandkillsherself.TheysaidthecharacterwasbasedonMarilynMonroe.ButMillerdeniedthis.VOICEONE:Millermarriedforathirdtimeinnineteensixty-two.HeandhiswifeIngeMorathzawell-knownphotographer,hadonedaughter.Morathdiedintwotho
23、usandtwo.MilleroncesaidthatevenafterheandIngehadbeenmarriedalmostfortyyears,peoplestillaskedhimaboutMarilynMonroe.VOICETWO:ArthurMilleralsowroteshortstoriesandabookabouthislifecalledTimebends:ALife.Heoncewrotethatwhenhewasyoungheimaginedthatwiththepossibleexceptionofadoctorsavingalife,writingaworthy
24、playwasthemostimportantthingahumanbeingcoulddo.TheaterownersonBroadwayagreed.Onthedayafterhedied,thelightsofBroadwaytheatersdarkenedforaminuteinhonorofArthurMiller.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.SarahLongandRichKleinfeldtwerethecharactersfromDeathofaSalesman.JoinusagainfornextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)
