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1、美国名人女权运动家和社会改革家贝蒂弗里丹BettyFriedan:HowSheWasaLeaderintheModernWomensRightsMovementintheU.S.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:25repeatByJerilynWatson2006-7-29VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutBettyFriedan.Shewasapowerfulactivistfortherights
2、ofwomen.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BettyFriedanisoftencalledthemotherofthemodernwomensliberationmovement.Herfamousbook,TheFeminineMystique/changedAmerica.Somepeoplesayitchangedtheworld.Ithasbeencalledoneofthemostinfluentialnonfictionbooksofthetwentiethcentury.Friedanre-awakenedthefeministmovementintheUnitedSta
3、tes.Thatmovementhadhelpedwomengaintherighttovoteinthenineteentwenties.Modernfeministsdisagreeabouthowtodescribethemselvesandtheirmovement.Butactivistssaymenandwomenshouldhaveequalchancesforeconomic,socialandintellectualsatisfactioninlife.VOICETWO:Fiftyyearsago,lifeforwomenintheUnitedStateswasverydif
4、ferentfromtoday.Veryfewparentsurgedtheirdaughterstobecomelawyersordoctorsorprofessors.Femaleworkersdoingthesamejobsasmenearnedmuchlessmoney.Womenoftenlosttheirjobswhentheyhadababy.Therewerefewchildcarecentersforworkingparents.BettyFriedanoncespoketoABCtelevisionabouthersupportforsharingresponsibilit
5、yforthecareofchildren:Ifchild-rearingwasconsideredtheresponsibilityofwomenandmenorwomenandmenandsociety,thenwereallycouldpullupourskirtsanddeclarevictoryandmoveon.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BettyFriedanwasbornBettyGoldsteininnineteentwenty-oneinPeoria,Illinois.Herimmigrantfatherworkedasajeweler.Hermotherlefthe
6、rjobwithalocalnewspapertostayhomewithherfamily.BettyattendedSmithCollegeinNorthhamptonzMassachusetts.Itwasoneofthecountrysbestcollegesforwomen.Shefinishedherstudiesinpsychologyinnineteenforty-two.AftercollegesheattendedtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleytocontinueherstudies.Butherboyfriendatthetimed
7、idnotwanthertogetanadvanceddegreeinpsychology.Heapparentlyfeltthreatenedbyhersuccess.SoBettyleftCaliforniaandherboyfriend.ShemovedtoNewYorkCityandworkedasareporterandeditorforlaborunionnewspapers.Innineteenforty-seven,BettyGoldsteinmarriedCarlFriedanzatheaterdirectorwholaterbecameanadvertisingexecut
8、ive.Theyhadachild,thefirstofthree.TheFriedansweretoremainmarrieduntilnineteensixty-nine.VOICETWO:WhenBettyFriedanbecamepregnantforthesecondtime,shewasdismissedfromherjobatthenewspaper.Afterthatsheworkedasanindependentreporterformagazines.Buthereditorsoftenrejectedherattemptstowriteaboutsubjectsoutsi
9、dethetraditionalinterestsofwomen.Innineteenfifty-seven,Friedanstartedresearchthatwastohavefar-reachingresults.HerclassatSmithCollegewastogatherforthefifteenthanniversaryoftheirgraduation.Friedanpreparedanopinionstudyforthewomen.Shesentquestionstothewomenabouttheirlives.Mostwhotookpartinthestudydidno
10、tworkoutsidetheirhomes.Friedanwasnotcompletelysatisfiedwithherlife.Shethoughtthatherformercollegeclassmatesmightalsobedissatisfied.Shewasright.Friedanthoughttheseintelligentwomencouldgivealottosocietyiftheyhadanotheridentitybesidesbeinghomemakers.VOICEONE:Friedancompletedmorestudies.Shetalkedtoother
11、womenacrossthecountry.Shemetwithexpertsaboutthequestionsandanswers.Shecombinedthisresearchwithobservationsandexamplesfromherownlife.Theresultwasherbook,TheFeminineMystique,publishedinnineteensixty-three.Thebookattackedthepopularideaofthetimethatwomencouldonlyfindsatisfactionthroughbeingmarried,havin
12、gchildrenandtakingcareoftheirhome.Friedanbelievedthatwomenwantedmorefromlifethanjusttopleasetheirhusbandsandchildren.Thebooksaidwomensufferedfromfeelingsoflackofworth.Friedansaidthiswasbecausethewomendependedontheirhusbandsforeconomic,emotionalandintellectualsupport.VOICETWO:TheFeminineMystiquewasah
13、ugesuccess.Ithassoldmorethanthreemillioncopies.Itwasreprintedinanumberofotherlanguages.ThebookhelpedchangethelivesofwomeninAmerica.Morewomenbeganworkingoutsidethehome.Morewomenalsobeganstudyingtraditionallymalesubjectslikelaw,medicineandengineering.BettyFriedanexpressedthedissatisfactionofsomeAmeric
14、anwomenduringthemiddleofthetwentiethcentury.Butshealsomademanymenfeelthreatened.Later;criticssaidherbookonlydealtwiththeproblemsofwhite,educated,wealthy,marriedwomen.Itdidnotstudytheproblemsofpoorwhitewomen,singlewomenorminorities.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-six,BettyFriedanhelpedestablishNoWthe
15、NationalOrganizationforWomen.Sheservedasitsfirstpresident.Sheledcampaignstoendunfairtreatmentofwomenseekingjobs.Friedanalsoworkedonotherissues.Shewantedwomentohavethechoicetoendtheirpregnancies.Shewantedtocreatechild-carecentersforworkingparents.Shewantedwomentotakepartinsocialandpoliticalchange.Bet
16、tyFriedanoncespokeabouthergreathopesforwomeninthenineteenseventies:Liberatingourselves,wewillthenbecomeamajorpoliticalforce,perhapsthebiggestpoliticalforceforbasicsocialandpoliticalchangeinAmericaintheseventies.VOICETWO:BettyFriedanledahugedemonstrationinNewYorkCityforwomensrights.Demonstrationswere
17、alsoheldinothercities.Ahalf-millionwomentookpartintheWomensStrikeforEqualityonAugusttwenty-sixth,nineteenseventy.ThedaymarkedthefiftiethanniversaryofAmericanwomengainingtherighttovote.Ayearafterthemarch,FriedanhelpedestablishtheNationalWomensPoliticalCaucus.Shesaidthegroupgotstartedtomakepolicy,notc
18、offee.ShesaidAmericaneededmorewomeninpublicofficeifwomenweretogainequaltreatment.VOICEONE:Friedanwantedanationalguaranteeofthatequaltreatment.SheworkedtirelesslytogetCongressandthestatestoapproveanamendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionthatwouldprovideequalrightsforwomen.TheHouseofRepresentativesappr
19、ovedthisEqualRightsAmendmentinnineteenseventy-one.TheSenateapproveditthefollowingyear.Thirty-eightofthefiftystatelegislatureswererequiredtoapprovetheamendment.Congresssetatimelimitofsevenyearsforthestatestoapproveit.ThiswasextendedtoJunethirtieth,nineteeneighty-two.However,onlythirty-fivestatesappro
20、vedtheamendmentbythedeadlinesoitneverwentintoeffect.ThedefeatoftheE.R.A.wasasadeventforBettyFriedan,NOWandotheractivists.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteeneighty-one,BettyFriedanwroteabouttheconditionofthewomensmovement.HerbookwascalledTheSecondStage.Friedanwrotethatthetimeforhugedemonstrationsandothersuche
21、ventshadpassed.SheurgedthemovementtotrytoincreaseitsinfluenceonAmericanpoliticallife.Someyoungermembersofthemovementdenouncedherastooconservative.Asshegrewolder,FriedanstudiedconditionsforolderAmericans.ShewroteabookcalledTheFountainofAgeinnineteenninety-three.Shewrotethatsocietyoftendismissesoldpeo
22、pleasnolongerimportantoruseful.Friedanslastbookwaspublishedintwothousand.Shewasalmosteightyyearsoldatthetime.ItstitlewasLifeSoFar.BettyFriedandiedonFebruaryfourth,twothousandsix.Itwashereighty-fifthbirthday.BettyFriedanoncetoldatelevisionreporterhowshewantedtoberemembered:Shehelpsmakeitbetterforwome
23、ntofeelgoodaboutbeingwomen,andthereforeshehelpedmakeitpossibleforwomentomorefreelylovemen.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.YoucandownloadatranscriptandaudioofthisshowatWWW.51VOA.COM.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.
