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1、美国名人护士克拉尔巴顿ClaraBarton,FounderoftheAmericanRedCross:ALifeofCaringforOthersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:20repeatByJeriIynWatson2006-6-24(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mRayFreeman.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwiththeSpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonwhowasimportantinthehistoryoftheUnite
2、dStates.Todaywetellaboutawomanwhospentherlifecaringforothers,ClaraBarton.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ClaraBartonwasasmallwoman.Yetshemadeabigdifferenceinmanylives.Todayherworkcontinuestobeimportanttothousandsofpeopleintrouble.ClaraBartonwasanunusualwomanforhertime.ShewasbornonChristmasday,Decembertwenty-fifth,e
3、ighteentwenty-one.Inthosedays,mostwomenwereexpectedtomarry,havechildrenandstayhometotakecareofthem.Barton,however,becamedeeplyinvolvedintheworld.Bythetimeofherdeathinnineteentwelve,shehadbegunarevolutionthatledtotherightofwomentodoresponsibleworkforsociety.Asanurse,shecaredforthousandsofwoundedsoldi
4、ers.ShebegantheAmericanRedCross.And,shesuccessfullyurgedtheAmericangovernmenttoaccepttheGenevaConvention.Thattreatyestablishedstandardsforconditionsforsoldiersinjuredorcapturedduringwartime.VOICETWO:ClaraBartonreallybeganherlifeofcaringforthesickwhenshewasonlyelevenyearsold.Shelivedwithherfamilyonaf
5、arminthenortheasternstateofMassachusetts.Oneofherbrothers,David,wasseriouslyinjuredwhilehelpingbuildabarn.Fortwoyears,ClaraBartontookcareofDaviduntilhewashealed.Mosteleven-year-oldgirlswouldhavefoundthejobimpossible.ButClarafeltagreatneedtohelp.Andshewasverygoodatit.Shealsoseemedtofeelmostsafewhensh
6、ewasathomewithhermotherandfather,orridingahorseonherfamilysland.Asayoungchild,Clarahadgreatdifficultystudyingandmakingfriendsatschool.Herfourbrothersandsistersweremucholderthanshe.Severalofthemwereteachers.FormostofClarasearlyyears,shewastaughtathome.Shefinishedschoolatagefifteen.Thenshewenttoworkin
7、herbrotherDavidsclothingfactory.Thefactorysoonburned,leavingherwithoutajob.VOICEONE:ClaraBartondecidedtoteachschool.Ineighteenthirty-six,shepassedtheteacherstestandbeganteachingnearherhomeinNorthOxford,Massachusetts.Shebecameanextremelypopularandrespectedteacher.Aftersixteenyearsofteaching,sherealiz
8、edshedidnotknowallshewantedtoknow.Shewantedmoreeducation.Veryfewuniversitiesacceptedwomeninthosedays.SoClarawenttoaspecialschoolforgirlsinMassachusetts.Whileinthatschool,shebecameinterestedinpubliceducation.VOICETWO:Aftershegraduated,afriendsuggestedshetrytoestablishthefirstpublicschoolinthestateofN
9、ewJersey.Officialsthereseemedtothinkthateducationwasonlyforchildrenwhoseparentshadenoughmoneytopayforprivateschools.TheofficialsdidnotwantBartontostartaschoolforpoorpeople.Butsheofferedtoteachwithoutpayforthreemonths.Shetoldtheofficialsthattheycoulddecideafterthatifshehadbeensuccessful.Theygaveheran
10、oldbuildingwithpoorequipment.Andtheygavehersixveryactivelittleboystoteach.Attheendoffiveweeks,theschoolwastoosmallforthenumberofchildrenwhowantedtoattend.Bytheendoftheyear,thetownbuiltherabigger;betterschool.Theyhadtogivehermorespace.Shethenhadsixhundredstudentsintheschool.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Withinayea
11、r,ClaraBartonhadlosthervoice.Shehadtogiveupteaching.ShemovedtoWashington,D.C.,tobeginanewjobwritingdocumentsfortheUnitedStatesgovernment.ClaraBartonstartedherlifeasanurseduringtheearlydaysoftheCivilWarineighteensixty-one.Oneday,shewenttothetraincenterinWashingtontomeetagroupofsoldiersfromMassachuset
12、ts.Manyofthemhadbeenherfriends.Shebegantakingcareoftheirwounds.Notlongafter,sheleftherofficejob.Shebecameafull-timenurseforthewoundedontheirwayfromthefieldsofbattletothehospital.Soon,Bartonrecognizedthatmanymorelivescouldbesavedifthemenhadmedicalhelpimmediatelyaftertheywerehurt.Armyruleswouldnotperm
13、itanyoneexceptmalesoldierstobeonthebattlefield.ButBartontookherplansforhelpingthewoundedtoahigharmyofficial.Heapprovedherplans.VOICETWO:BartonandafewotherwomenworkedinthebattleareasaroundWashington.SheheardaboutthesecondfiercebattleatBullRuninthenearbystateofVirginia.Shegotintoarailroadcarandtravele
14、dthere.BullRunmusthavebeenafearfulsight.Northernforceswerelosingamajorbattlethere.EverywhereBartonlookedlaywoundedanddyingmen.Dayandnightsheworkedtohelpthesuffering.Whenthelastsoldierhadbeenplacedonatrain,Bartonfinallyleft.Shewasjustintimetoescapethesouthernarmy.Sheescapedbyridingahorse,askillshegai
15、nedasayounggirl.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Forfouryears,ClaraBartonwasatthefrontlinesofthebloodiestbattlesinthewarbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.ShewasthereatAntietam,Fredericksburg,andCharleston.ShewasthereatSpottsylvania,Petersburg,andRichmond.Shecleanedthewoundsofbadlyinjuredsoldiers.Sheeasedthepainofthedying.A
16、ndshefedthosewhosurvived.WhenshereturnedtoWashington,ClaraBartonfoundshewasahero.Shehadprovedthatwomencouldworkinterribleconditions.Shemadepeopleunderstandthatwomencouldprovidegoodmedicalcare.Shealsoshowedthatnursingwasanhonorableprofession.Afterthewarended,BartonsdoctorsenthertoEuropetorest.Instead
17、ofresting,shemetwithrepresentativesoftheInternationalRedCross.Theorganizationhadbeenestablishedineighteensixty-threetoofferbettertreatmentforpeoplewoundedorcapturedduringwars.ShewastoldthattheUnitedStateswastheonlymajornationthatrefusedtojoin.VOICETWO:BartonbeganplanningacampaigntocreateanAmericanRe
18、dCross.Beforeshecouldgohome,though,thewarbetweenFranceandPrussiabeganineighteenseventy.Again,ClaraBartonwenttothefieldsofbattletonursethewounded.Afterawhilehereyesbecameinfected.Thewomanofactionwasorderedtoremainquietformonthsinadarkroom,orbecomeblind.WhenshereturnedtotheUnitedStatessheagainsuffered
19、aserioussickness.SheusedthetimeinahospitaltowritelettersinsupportofanAmericanRedCrossorganization.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Ineighteeneighty-one,Bartonscampaignprovedsuccessful.TheUnitedStatesCongresssignedtheWorldsTreatyoftheInternationalRedCross.ThisestablishedtheAmericanChapteroftheRedCross.ClaraBartonhadr
20、eachedoneofhermajorgoalsinlife.ThenextyearshesuccessfullyurgedCongresstoaccepttheGenevaConvention.Thistreatysettheinternationalrulesfortreatmentofsoldierswoundedorcapturedinwar.Fortwenty-fiveyears,ClaraBartoncontinuedasthepresidentoftheAmericanRedCross.Underherguidance,theorganizationhelpedpeopleina
21、llkindsoftrouble.ShedirectedtheaideffortsforvictimsoffloodsinJohnstown,PennsylvaniaandGalveston,Texas.SheledRedCrossworkersinFloridaduringaoutbreakofthediseaseYellowFever.AndshehelpedduringperiodswhenpeoplewerestarvinginRussiaandArmenia.VOICETWO:ClaraBartonretiredwhenshewasinhermiddleeighties.Forher
22、lasthome,shechoseahugeoldbuildingnearWashington,D.C.ThebuildinghadbeenusedforkeepingRedCrossequipmentandthenasheroffice.ItwasmadewithmaterialsavedfromaidcentersbuiltafterthefloodinJohnstown.InthathouseonthePotomacRiver,ClaraBartonlivedherremainingdays.ShediedafteralifeofservicetoothersinApril,ninete
23、entwelve,atageninety.Sheoftensaid:Youmustneversomuchasthinkifyoulikeitornot,ifitisbearableornot.Youmustneverthinkofanythingexcepttheneed-andhowtomeetit.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyJeriWatson.mRayFreeman.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
