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1、美国名人玛莉里昂MaryLyonplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByVivianBournaian2004-1-24(THEME)ANNCR:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Everyweekatthistime,wetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,SteveEmberandShirleyGriffithtellaboutMaryLyon.Shewasaleaderinwomenseducatio
2、ninthenineteenthcentury.(THEME)VOICEONE:Duringthenineteenthcentury,womenseducationwasnotconsideredimportantintheUnitedStates.Supportersofadvancededucationforwomenfacedmanyproblems.Statesdidrequireeachtowntoprovideaschoolforchildren,butteachersoftenwerepoorlyprepared.Mostyoungwomenwerenotabletocontin
3、ueonwiththeireducationinprivateschools.IftheydidztheyoftenwerenottaughtmuchexcepttheFrenchlanguage,howtosewclothing,andmusic.MaryLyonfeltthatwomenseducationwasextremelyimportant.ThroughherlifelongworkforeducationshebecameoneofthemostfamouswomeninnineteenthcenturyAmerica.Shebelievedthatwomenwereteach
4、ersbothinthehomeandintheclassroom.AndzshebelievedthateffortstobettereducateyoungwomenalsoservedGod.Ifwomenwerebettereducated,shefelt,theycouldteachinlocalschoolsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandinforeigncountries.(MUSIC)MaryLyonwasborninBuckland,Massachusetts,inSeventeen-Ninety-Seven.Herfatherdiedwhenshe
5、wasfiveyearsold.ForMaryzhardworkwasawayoflife.Butshelaterrememberedwithgreatpleasureherchildhoodyearsinthehomewhereshewasborn.Thisishowshedescribedwhatshecouldseefromthathouseonahill:Thefar-offmountainsinalltheirgrandeur,andthedeepvalleys,andwidelyextendedplains,andmorethanall,thatlittlevillagebelow
6、zcontainingonlyaveryfewwhitehouses,butmorethanthoseyoungeyeshadeverseen.VOICEONE:Attheageoffour,Marybeganwalkingtothenearestschoolseveralkilometersaway.Later,shebeganspendingthreemonthsatatimewithfriendsandrelativessoshecouldattendotherareaschools.Shehelpedcleanandcooktopayforherstay.WhenMarywasthir
7、teen,hermotherre-marriedandmovedtoanothertown.Marywaslefttocareforherolderbrotherwhoworkedonthefamilyfarm.Hepaidheradollaraweek.Shesavedittopayforhereducation.Marysloveoflearningwassostrongthatsheworkedandsavedhersmallamountofpaysoshecouldgotoschoolforanotherfewmonths.Marybeganherfirstteachingjobata
8、one-roomlocalschoolteachingchildrenforthesummer.Shewasseventeenyearsold.Shewaspaidseventy-fivecentsaweek.Shealsowasgivenmealsandaplacetolive.MaryLyonwasnotaverysuccessfulteacheratfirst.Shedidnothavemuchcontroloverherstudents.Shealwayswasreadytolaughwiththem.Yetshesoonwontheirparentsrespectwithherski
9、lls.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:WhenMaryLyonwastwentyyearsoldzshebeganalongperiodofstudyandteaching.AnewprivateschoolopenedinthevillageofAshfield,Massachusetts.ItwascalledSandersonAcademy.Maryreallywantedtoattend.Shesoldbookcoveringsshehadmade.Andsheusedeverythingshehadsavedfromherpayasateacher.Thiswasenoughfor
10、hertobeginattendingSandersonAcademy.AtSandersonzMarybegantostudymoredifficultsubjects.Theseincludedscience,historyandLatin.AfriendwhowenttoschoolwithMarywroteofhergainingknowledgebyhandfuls.ItissaidthatMarymemorizedacompletebookabouttheLatinlanguageinthreedays.MarylaterwroteitwasatSandersonthatshere
11、ceivedthebaseofhereducation.VOICEONE:AfterayearatSandersonAcademy,Marydecidedthatherhandwritingwasnotgoodenoughtobereadclearly.Shewasatwenty-one-year-oldwoman.Butshewenttothelocalpublicschoolandsatamongthechildrensoshecouldlearnbetterwritingskills.InEighteen-Twenty-OnezMaryLyonwenttoanotherprivatesc
12、hoolwhereshewastaughtbyReverendJosephEmerson.Marysaidhetalkedtowomenasiftheyhadbrains.Shepraisedhisequaltreatmentofmenandwomenwhenitcametoeducatingthem.VOICETWO:ThreeyearsIaterzMaryLyonopenedaschoolforyoungwomeninthevillageofBuckland.ShecalledittheBucklandFemaleSeminary.Classeswereheldinaroomontheth
13、irdfloorofahouse.Marysstudentspraisedherteaching.Sheproposednewwaysofteaching,includingholdingdiscussiongroupswherestudentsexchangeideas.MarysaiditwaswhileteachingatBucklandthatshefirstthoughtoffoundingaprivateschoolopentodaughtersoffarmersandskilledworkers.Shewantededucation,notprofits,tobethemosti
14、mportantthingabouttheschool.Atthattime,schoolsofhigherlearningusuallyweresupportedbypeopleinterestedinprofitsfromtheirinvestment.VOICEONE:InEighteen-Twenty-EightzMarybecamesickwithtyphoidfever.Whenherhealthimproved,shedecidedtoleaveBuckland,theschoolshehadstarted.Shejoinedaclosefriend,ZilpahGrant,wh
15、ohadbegunanotherprivateschool,IpswichFemaleSeminary.AtIpswichzMarytaughtandwasresponsibleforone-hundred-thirtystudents.Itwasoneofthebestschoolsatthetime.Butitlackedfinancialsupport.Marysaidthelackofsupportwasbecauseofgoodmensfearofgreatnessinwomen,ZilpahGrantandMaryLyonurgedthatIpswichbeprovidedbuil
16、dingssothattheschoolmightbecomepermanent.However,theirappealfailed.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryresignedfromIpswich.Shehelpedtoorganizeanotherprivateschoolforwomen,WheatonFemaleSeminaryinNorton,Massachusetts.ItopenedinEighteenThirty-Five.Shealsobegantoraisemoneyforherdreamofapermanent,non-profitschoolfortheh
17、ighereducationofwomen.Thisschoolwouldownitsownproperty.Itwouldbeguidedbyanindependentgroupofdirectors.Itsfinanceswouldbetheresponsibilityofthedirectors,notOfinvestorsseekingprofit.Theschoolwouldnotdependonanyonepersontocontinue.And,thestudentswouldshareincleaningandcookingtokeepcostsdown.VOICEONE:Ma
18、ryLyongotacommitteeofadviserstohelpherinplanningandbuildingtheschool.ShecollectedthefirstthousanddollarsfortheschoolfromwomeninandaroundthetownofIpswich.Atonepoint,sheevenlentthecommitteesomeofherownmoney.Shedidnotearnanymoneyuntilshebecameheadofthenewschool.MaryLyonopenedMountHolyokeSeminaryforWome
19、ninEighteen-Thirty-Seven.ItwasinthetownofSouthHadleyzMassachusetts.Shehadraisedmorethantwelve-thousanddollars.Itwasenoughtobuildafive-storybuilding.Fourteachersandthefirstclassofeightyyoungwomenlivedandstudiedinthebuildingwhentheschoolopened.Bythenextyear,thenumberofstudentshadincreasedtoone-hundred
20、-sixteen.Maryknewtheimportanceofwhathadbeenestablished-thefirstindependentschoolforthehighereducationofwomen.VOICETWO:Theschoolcontinuedtogrow.Morestudentsbegantoattend.Thesizeofthebuildingwasincreased.And,allofthestudentswererequiredtostudyforfouryearsinsteadofthree.MaryLyonwasheadoftheschoolforalm
21、osttwelveyears.ShediedinEighteen-Forty-Nine.Shewasfifty-twoyearsold.Sheleftbehindaschoolofhighereducationforwomen.Ithadnodebt.Andithadsupportforthefutureprovidedbythousandsofdollarsingifts.InEighteen-Ninety-ThreezunderastateIawzMountHolyokeFemaleSeminarybecameacollege.MountHolyokeCollegewasthefirstc
22、ollegetoofferwomenthesamekindofeducationaswasofferedtomen.VOICEONE:PeoplewhohavestudiedMaryLyonsayshewasnotfightingabattleofequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Yetsheknewshewantedmoreforwomen.HereffortsledtothespreadofhighereducationforwomenintheUnitedStates.Historianssayshewasthestrongestinfluenceontheeduca
23、tionofAmericanyoungpeopleduringthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.HerinfluencelastedasthemanystudentsfromMaryLyonsschoolswentouttoteachothers.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyVivianBournazian.mShirleyGriffithVOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekatthissametimeforanotherPeopleinAmericanprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
