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1、美国名人首位黑人女飞行员贝丝柯尔曼BessieColemanWastheFirstAfrican-AmericanFemalePilotplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:18repeatByVivianChakarian2005-10-22(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutBessieColeman,thefirstAfricanAmericanwomanpilot.(MUSIC)VOIC
2、EONE:BessieColemanwasborninAtlanta,Texas,intheeighteenninety-two.HermotherwasAfricanAmerican.HerfatherwaspartAfricanAmericanandpartAmericanIndian.Herfamilywaspoor.Bessiehadtowalkmorethansixkilometerstogotoschool.Whenshewasnineyearsold,herfatherleftthefamilytosearchinOklahomafortheterritoryofhisIndia
3、nancestors.InTexasthen,asinmostareasoftheAmericanSouth,blackpeopleweretreatedunfairly.Theylivedseparatelyfromwhitepeopleandestablishedtheirownreligious,businessandsocialtraditions.Bessiewasproudofherrace.Shelearnedthatfromherhard-workingandreligiousmother.VOICETWO:Bessiehadtopickcottonandwashclothes
4、tohelpearnmoneyforherfamily.ShewasabletosavealittlemoneyandwenttocollegeinthestateofOklahoma.Shewasincollegeonlyoneyear.Shehadtoleavebecauseshedidnothaveenoughmoneytocompleteherstudies.Butduringthatyear,shelearnedaboutflying.ShereadaboutthefirstflightoftheWrightBrothersandthefirstAmericanfemalepilot
5、,HarrietQuimby.Bessieoftenthoughtaboutwhatitwouldfeelliketoflylikeabird.VOICEONE:Whenshewastwenty-three,BessieColemanmovedtoChicago,Illinoistolivewithtwoofherolderbrothers.There,sheworkedatseveraljobs.Butshewantedtodosomethingmoreimportant.SheheardstoriesfrompilotswhowerereturningfromWorldWarOne.She
6、decidedshewasgoingtolearnhowtoflyairplanes.Shesoonfoundthistobealmostimpossible.Whatflightschoolwouldadmitablackwoman?ShefoundthatapparentlytherewerenoneintheUnitedStates.BessielearnedthatshewouldhaveabetterchanceinEurope.ShebegantostudyFrenchatalanguageschoolinChicago.Shealsotookahigher-payingjobsu
7、pervisingapubliceatingplacesoshecouldsavemoney.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:SoonaftertheendofWorldWarOne,BessieColemanleftforFrance.Sheattendedthefamousflightschool,EcoledAviationdesFreresCaudron,inthetownofLeCrotoyinnorthernFrance.Shelearnedtoflyinaplanethathadtwosetsofwings,oneovertheother.Shecompletedsevenmon
8、thsofflighttraining.Colemanearnedherinternationalpermittoflyinnineteentwenty-onefromtheFederationAeronautiqueInternationaleinFrance.Shebecamethefirstblackwomanevertoearnaninternationalpilotslicense.VOICEONE:ColemanreturnedtoChicago.ShewastheonlyblackfemalepilotintheUnitedStates.Soherstorybecamepopul
9、arinAfricanAmericannewspapers.ShewasaskedbytheDallasExpressnewspaperinTexaswhyshewantedtofly.Shesaidthatwomenandblacksmusthavepilotsiftheyaretokeepupwiththetimes.Sheadded:Doyouknowyouhaveneverliveduntilyouhaveflown.Colemansoonlearnedthatitwasdifficultforanyonetoearnenoughmoneyasapilottolive.Sheknews
10、hewouldhavetoimproveherflyingskillsandlearntodomoretricksintheairifshewantedtosucceed.TherestillwasnoonewillingtoteachherinChicago.SozshereturnedtoEuropeinnineteentwenty-two.ShecompletedaboutfourmoremonthsofflighttrainingwithFrenchandGermanpilots.VOICETWO:ColemanreturnedtoNewYorkwhereshegaveherfirst
11、publicflyingperformanceintheUnitedStates.Alargecrowdofpeoplegatheredtowatchher.Sherolledtheplane.Andshestoppedtheengineandthenstarteditagainjustbeforetheplanelanded.Thecrowdlovedherperformance.Sodidothercrowdsassheperformedintownsandcitiesacrossthecountry.BessieColemanhadprovedshecouldfly.Yetshewant
12、edtodomore.ShehopedtoestablishaschoolforblackpilotsintheUnitedStates.Sheknewsheneededaplaneofherown.ShetraveledtoLosAngeles,California,whereshesoughtthesupportofacompanythatsoldtires.ThecompanyhelpedherbuyaCurtissJN-Fourairplane,commonlycalledaJenny.Inreturn,shewastorepresentthecompanyatpublicevents
13、.VOICEONE:BessieColemanorganizedanairshowinLosAngeles.ButtheJennysenginestoppedsoonaftertake-off,andtheplanecrashedtotheground.Colemansufferedabrokenlegandotherinjuries.Sheregrettedtheaccidentandfeltshehaddisappointedhersupporters.Shesentamessage:TellthemallthatassoonasIcanwalkmgoingtofly!Colemanret
14、urnedtoChicagowhereshecontinuedherplantoopenaflyingschool.Shehadverylittlemoney,nojobandnoplane,yetsheopenedanofficeinChicago.Shesoonfounditwasimpossibletokeeptheofficeopenwithoutmorefinancialsupport.Soshedecidedtoreturntoflying.VOICETWO:Innineteentwenty-five,BessieColemantraveledtoherhomestateofTex
15、as.Theormercottonpickerandbeautytechniciannowwastheonlylicensedblackwomanpilotintheworld.ShecouldspeakFrench.Andshewasaninternationaltraveler.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Toearnmoney,BessieColemangavespeechesandshowedfilmsofherflights.Shedidthisinchurches,theatersandatlocalall-blackpublicschools.Sheorganizedmore
16、airshows.Shesoonhadenoughmoneytopayforsomeofthecostofaplaneofherown,anotheroldCurtissJenny.ShecontinuedherspeechesandairshowsinthestateofGeorgia,theninFlorida.Shehopedtoearnenoughmoneytoopenherschool.InFlorida,ColemanmetEdwinBeeman,whosefatherwastheheadofahugechewinggumcompany.MisterBeemangaveherthe
17、moneytomakethefinalpaymentonherplaneinDallas.ColemanmadeplanstohaveitflowntoherinJacksonville,Florida.Ayoungwhitepilot,WilliamWills,madethetrip.ButtheoldJennyhadproblems.Willshadtomaketwostopsduringtheshortflighttorepairtheplane.Localpilotswhoexaminedtheplaneweresurprisedhehadbeenabletoflyitsofar.VO
18、ICETWO:OnAprilthirtieth,nineteentwenty-sixzColemanwaspreparingforanairshowinwhichshewouldstar.SheagreedtomaketheflightwithWilliamWills.Heflewtheplanesoshecouldclearlyseethefieldshewouldflyover.Shedidnotuseanysafetydevices,suchasaseatbeltorparachute.Theywouldhavepreventedherfromleaningovertoseealloft
19、hefield.Duringtheflight,theplanescontrolsbecamestuck.Theplaneturnedoverintheair.NothingwasholdingColemanin.Shefellmorethanakilometertoherdeath.Willshadwornaseatbelt.Buthealsodiedwhentheplanecrashed.Officialslaterfoundthecauseoftheaccident.Atoolhadslidintothecontrolsoftheplane.Expertssaidthattheaccid
20、entwouldnothavehappenedifWillsandColemanhadbeenflyinganewerandsaferplane.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Throughoutherlife,BessieColemanhadresistedsocietysrestrictionsagainstblacksandwomen.Shebelievedthattheairistheonlyplacewhereeveryoneisfree.Shewantedtoteachotherblackpeopleaboutthatspecialenvironment.Ittooksometi
21、meuntilherwishwasfulfilled.Itwasnotuntilnineteenthirty-ninethatblackstudentswerepermittedtoentercivilianflightschoolsintheUnitedStates.ItwasnotuntiltheSecondWorldWarthatblackmalepilotsweresentintobattle.And,itwasnotuntilnineteeneightythatthefirstblackwomencompletedmilitarypilottrainingintheUnitedSta
22、tes.VOICETWO:BessieColemandidnotlivetoestablishherownflyingschool.Butshehadsaidthatifshecouldcreatetheminimumofherplansanddesires,shewouldhavenoregrets.Shehadacceptedthedangersofherjobbecauseshelovedflying.Herinfluencecontinuestoday.Innineteenninety-two,theChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutionpraising
23、her.Itsaid:BessieColemancontinuestoinspireuntoldthousands,evenmillionsofyoungpersonswithhersenseofadventure,herpositiveattitudeandherdeterminationtosucceed.Innineteenthirty-four,LieutenantWilliamPowellwroteabookcalledBlackWings.Hewrote:BecauseofBessieColeman,wehaveovercomethatwhichwasmuchworsethanracialbarriers.Wehaveovercomethebarrierswithinourselvesanddaredtodream.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyVivianChakarian.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
