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1、美国名人雷克拉克RayKrocplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByGeorgeGrow2004-3-13(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutRayKroczthemanwhohelpedmakethefastfoodindustryfamous.HeexpandedasmallbusinessintoaninternationaloperationcalledMc
2、Donalds.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Youprobablyknowwhatfastfoodis.Itiscookedfoodthatisreadyalmostassoonasyouenterapubliceatingplace.Itdoesnotcostmuch.ItispopularwithmostAmericansandwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.Someexpertssaythatatleasttwenty-fivepercentofAmericanadultseatfastfoodeveryday.Mostfastfoodrestaurants
3、offergroundbeefsandwichescalledhamburgersandpotatoescookedinhotoilcalledfrenchfries.Otherfastfoodplacesservefriedchicken,pizzaortacos.VOICETWO:YouseefastfoodrestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheUnitedStates.Thenamesandthedesignsofthebuildingsareeasilyrecognized-BurgerKing,KentuckyFriedChicken,PizzaHutzTa
4、coBellandofcourse,McDonalds.Mostarechainrestaurants.Thatmeanseachoneispartofahugecompany.Eachrestaurantinthechainhasthesamelarge,colorfulsignthatcanberecognizedfromfaraway.Eachoffersitsowncarefullylimitedchoiceoffoods.Eachkindofhamburgerorpieceofchickentastesthesameateveryrestaurantinthechain.VOICEO
5、NE:ThefastfoodindustrybeganwithtwobrothersinSanBernardinozCaliforniainthenineteen-forties.MacandDickMcDonaldownedasmall,butverysuccessfulrestaurant.Theysoldonlyafewkindsofsimplefoodzespeciallyhamburgers.Peoplestoodoutsidetherestaurantatawindow.Theytoldtheworkersinsidewhattheywantedtoeat.Theyreceived
6、andpaidfortheirfoodveryquickly.Thefoodcameincontainersthatcouldbethrownaway.ThesystemwassosuccessfulthattheMcDonaldbrothersdiscoveredtheycouldsellalotoffoodandlowertheirprices.VOICETWO:RayKrocsoldrestaurantsupplies.HerecognizedtheimportanceoftheMcDonaldbrothersidea.Hesawthatfoodsalescouldbeorganized
7、formassproduction-almostlikeafactory.MisterKrocpaidtheMcDonaldbrothersforpermissiontoopenseveralrestaurantsSimilartotheirs.HeopenedthefirstMcDonaldsrestaurantnearChicago,Illinois,innineteen-fifty-five.Soon,moreMcDonaldswereopeningallacrosstheUnitedStates.Otherpeoplecopiedtheideaandmorefastfoodrestau
8、rantsfollowed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:RaymondAlbertKrocwasaverywealthybusinessmanwhenhediedinnineteen-eighty-four.Buthehadnotalwaysbeensuccessful.RaywasborninIllinoisinnineteen-oh-two.Hisparentswerenotrich.HeattendedschoolinOakPark,nearChicago.Raynevercompletedhighschool,however.Heleftschooltobecomeadriverf
9、ortheRedCrossinWorldWarOne.Heliedabouthisagetobeaccepted.Hewasonlyfifteen.ThewarendedbeforehecouldbesenttoEurope.VOICETWO:Afterthewar,Raybecameajazzpianoplayer.Heplayedwithfamousmusicgroups.Hegotmarriedwhenhewastwenty.ThenhebeganworkingfortheLilyTulipCupCompany,sellingpapercups.Hekepttryingnewthings
10、,however.HeattemptedtoselllandinthesouthernstateofFlorida.Thatbusinessfailed.RayKrocremembereddrivingtoChicagofromFloridaafterhisbusinessfailed.Hesaid:IwillneverforgetthatdriveaslongasIlive.Thestreetswerecoveredwithice,andIdidnothavewinterclothing.WhenIarrivedhomeIwasverycoldandhadnomoney.VOICEONE:R
11、ayKrocwentbacktobeingasalesmanfortheLilyTulipCupCompany.HewasresponsibleforproductsalesinthecentralUnitedStates.Hislifeimprovedwhenhestartedasmallbusinessthatsoldrestaurantsupplies.Hesoldamachinethatcouldmixfivemilkshakesatonetime.Innineteen-fifty-fourzhediscoveredasmallrestaurantthatwasusingeightof
12、hismachines.Hewentthereandfoundthattheownersoftherestauranthadagoodbusinesssellingonlyhamburgers,frenchfriesanddrinks.Atfirst,MisterKrocsawonlythepossibilityforincreasingthesalesofhismixerstomorerestaurants.ThenheproposedanagreementwiththeMcDonaldbrotherstostartanumberofrestaurants.Undertheagreement
13、,theMcDonaldbrotherswouldgetapercentageofallsales.VOICETWO:ThefirstMcDonaldsrestaurantopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,innineteen-fifty-five.RayKrocwasfifty-twoyearsoldanagewhenmanypeoplestartthinkingaboutretirement.Heopenedtworestaurants.Soonhebegantounderstandthattherealprofitsweremadeinsellinghamburge
14、rs,notthemixers.HequicklysoldthemixercompanyandinvestedthemoneyinthegrowingchainofMcDonaldsrestaurants.Innineteen-sityzMisterKrocboughtthelegalrightstotherestaurantsfromtheMcDonaldbrothers.Bythen,thechainhadmorethantwo-hundredrestaurants.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FastfoodrestaurantsspreadquicklyintheUnitedSta
15、tesbecauseoffranchising.Franchisingmeanssellingthelegalrighttooperateastoreinacompanyschaintoanindependentbusinessperson.Ifthecompanyapproves,thebusinesspersonmaybuyorleasethestoreforaperiodofyears.ManypeoplewanttoownaMcDonaldsrestaurant,butonlyafewareapproved.Eachrestaurantbuysitssuppliesatalowcost
16、fromtheparentcompany.Eachrestaurantalsogivesthecompanyabouttenpercentofthemoneyitearnsinsales.TodayzaboutseventypercentofMcDonaldsrestaurantsworldwideareownedandoperatedbyindependentbusinessmenandwomen.VOICETWO:RayKrocwasgoodatidentifyingwhatthepublicwanted.HeknewthatmanyAmericanfamilieswantedtoeati
17、narestaurantsometimes.Hegavepeopleasimpleeatingplacewithpopularfoodzlowprices,friendlyserviceandnowaiting.AndallMcDonaldsrestaurantssoldthesamefoodineveryrestaurantacrossthecountry.RayKrocestablishedrulesforhowMcDonaldsrestaurantsweretooperate.Hedemandedthateveryrestaurantofferquality,serviceandclea
18、nliness.PeopleluckyenoughtogetafranchisemustcompleteaprogramatatrainingcentercalledHamburgerUniversity.Theylearnhowtocookandservethefood,andhowtokeepthebuildingclean.Morethansixty-five-thousandpeoplehavecompletedthistraining.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:McDonaldsbegantoexpandaroundtheworldinnineteen-sity-s
19、even.RayKrocsbusinessabilitymadeMcDonaldsthelargestrestaurantcompanyintheworld.Therearenowmorethanthirty-thousandMcDonaldsrestaurantsonsixcontinents.Thecompanyoperatesinaboutone-hundred-twentycountries.Everyday,McDonaldsrestaurantsaroundtheworldserveaboutfifty-millionpeople.VOICETWO:Inlateryears,Ray
20、KrocestablishedtheKrocFoundation,aprivateorganizationthatgivesmoneytohelpothers.Healsoestablishedanumberofcentersthatoffersupporttofamiliesofchildrenwhohavecancer.TheyarecalledRonaldMcDonaldhouses.ManypeoplepraisedRayKrocforhiscompanyssuccessandgoodworks.ButotherpeoplesharplycriticizedhimforthewayMc
21、Donaldstreatedyoungemployees.ManyoftheworkerswerepaidthelowestwagepermittedbyAmericanlaw.HealthexpertsstillcriticizeMcDonaldsfoodforcontainingtoomuchfatandsalt.Inthenineteen-seventieszRayKrocturnedhisenergyfromhamburgerstosports.HeboughtaprofessionalbaseballteaminCalifornia,theSanDiegoPadres.Hediedi
22、nnineteen-eighty-four.Hewaseighty-oneyearsold.VOICEONE:ThatfirstMcDonaldsrestaurantinDesPlaineszIllinois,wastorndown.Itwasreplacedbyastoreandvisitorscenterthatattemptstocopywhatwasintheoriginalbuilding.AnothermuseuminnearbyOakParkdescribesthelifeofRayKroc.RayKrocsstoryremainsanimportantpartofMcDonaldshistory.Andhiswayofdoingbusinesscontinuestoinfluencefastfoodrestaurantsthatfeedpeoplearoundtheworld.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyGeorgeGrow.LawanDaviswastheproducer.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmPhoebeZimmermann.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprograminVOASpecialEnglish.
