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1、CONTENTSSummaryTheRenewableEnergyTracker6Keyfindings7Recommendations11Introduction13Ajust,equitableandrapidtransitionto100%REisurgentlyneeded13TheRET!towardsafairandequitableassessmentofcountries14Methodology19Countrygrouping19Ratings20Countriesassessments25FocusWhichcountriesareleadingorlagging?27O
2、verallassessmentDeployment31Ambition35Sustainabledevelopment40FocusIArecountriesupontracktowards100%REsystems?43FocusArecountriesmakingprogress?46Conclusion48Appendix5A.Windandsolaraskeyrenewablesources50B.NotesoMethodology51C.MethodologyfortheProgressassessment52D.lndicators:sources,definitionandsc
3、ope54EDetailedrankings59SUMMARY(TheRenewableEnergyTrackerTheRenewableEnergyTracker(RET)isamultidimensionalanalysisdrivenbyprinciplesofequity,fairnessandtransparencythatassessestheperformanceof60countriesrepresenting85%oftotalpopulationandaccountingforabout90%oftotalgreenhousegasemissions,energyusean
4、dGDP.Itusesequity-drivenindicatorstoacknowledgedifferencesbetweencountriesintermsofpriorities,financialabilities,populationsizeandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitieswherebywealthiercountrieshavetomovefasterthanothers.Itputsemphasisonrewardingcountriesthatareperformingconsistentlywellorbetterthan
5、othersacrossthemajorityofindicatorsorcategoriesassessed.Througha3-prongedanalysis,itprovidesasnapshotofwherecountriesstandandwhethertheyareheadingintherightdirection:!identifiesleadersandslow-starters;assesseswhethercountriesareontracktowards100%REsystems;evaluateswhethercountriesareprogressingScali
6、nguprenewableenergyiscrucial,butitsjustonepieceofthepuzzle.Whenitcomestoenergy,wemustsimultaneouslycommittoajustandequitablephaseoutoffossilfuels,doubleannualenergyefficiencyimprovementsandreduceoverallenergyconsumptionby2050,notablyinwealthiercountries.Radicalandtransformativechangesareneededeveryw
7、heretoachieveenvironmentalandclimatejustice.Countriesperformingrelativelywellintermsofrenewablesmaystillrelyheavilyonorinvestinfossilfuels,failtoprovidesufficientfundingtodevelopingcountries,engageinactivitiesharmfultopeopleornatureorpursuedangerousdistractionssuchascarboncaptureandstorage.Thisrepor
8、toffersadeepdiveonrenewablesbutresultsmustbeputintoperspectivewithcountriesprogressinotherareas:acountrywithhighratingsintheRenewableEnergyTrackerisnotnecessarilyaclimateleader*.KeVfindinsFigure1.CountriesYankandratingaccordingtotheirincomeIeveLEmergingandDevelopingEconomies(EMDEs)aremarkedwiththesy
9、mbol*.Slow-StartersUganda* *Congo *Bangladesh, lfv- UEOOC- Aq Pa-8-。S2+-UOQSwitzerlandNorway USDenmarkSwedenAustraliarrontrunners ChampionsWO3E au!OOUIIH 8IPPsddndm。UJalppsAustrio CanadaGermany New ZealandUK UAE*South Korea SpainPnrii rnlSaU Arabia*PolandCro Uruguay*ch hi Ie*China*Russia Malaysia*Br
10、azil* Thailand South AfricEcuador* Iraq, Indon SidIran* Morocco* Vietnam*Egypt*Algeria Nigeria * Sene alCarnbOigio *Pakistan* *Zambia* Tanzania*RankRenewableEnergyTracker2023CountryComparisonzwhichcountriesareleading?TheRETassessestherelativeperformanceofcountriesusing20indicatorsand7categoriesmeasu
11、ringthelevelofdeployment,investment,ambition,co-benefits,etc.relatedtorenewableenergytoratethemasChampions1Frontrunners5Moderates,TrailersorSlow-starters,asshowninFigure1.Noneofthecountriesareperformingconsistentlybetterthanothers,leavingtheChampionsgroupempty(topperformersarehinderedbytheirhighreli
12、anceonsolidbioenergy).One-thirdofcountriesfallintotheModeratesgroup,furtherhighlightinganoveralllackofconsistencyascountriesareperformingcomparativelybetterinsomecategoriesbutpoorlyinothers.ThreeEmergingandDevelopingEconomies(EMDEs)Occupythetop3places:Chile(1st),Brazil(2nd),andChina(3rd).Theequity-b
13、asedanalysisrevealsthatanumberofotheremergingeconomiesaredoingbetterthanadvancedeconomies:Vietnam(13th),Colombia(14th),Jordan(15th),India(17th),Mexico(18th)andMalaysia(19th)allrankamongthetop20.Onthecontrary,anumberofadvancedeconomiesarelaggingbehindandnotlivinguptotheircapabilitiesandresponsibiliti
14、es.lnparticular,fivehigh-incomecountriesthataremembersoftheG20areintheTrailersandSlow-Startersgroupsandalsoaccountforalmost9%ofglobalGHGemissionsin2021:JapanjCanada5SouthKoreajSaudiArabiaandItaly.SwitzerIand5RussiaandNewZealand,alladvancedeconomies,alsorankamongthetrailers.DespitesomeEMDEsperforming
15、betterthanothers,intheTrailersandSlowstartersgroups,23countriesoutof30groupsareEMDEs5Whichfutherdemonstratesthechallengesfacedbythesenationsindeployingrenewablesatscale.Thisisespeciallythecaseforcountriesfromsub-SaharanAfrica:whilethelackofinvestmentinthisregionhasbeenlargelydocumentedasakeychalleng
16、e,theRETaddsanotherlineofevidencethatevenwhenconsideringequity-basedindicators,thosecountriesareleftbehind.Arecountriesuptospeedtoreach100%renewableenergysystems?Beingafrontrunnerdoesntequatetoachievingenough:amongthe9Fronfrunnersjnoneofthecountriesareassessedasbeingontrack,toachieve100%renewableene
17、rgysystems.lnotherwords,eventop-rankedcountriesmustintensifytheireffortsindeployingsustainablerenewableenergysystems.Thetrackerevaluatescountries,progresstowardsachieving10O%renewablesinthepowersectorandeconomy-wide.Inlinewithclimateurgency,arapidlydwindlingcarbonbudgetandequityprinciples,theRETrequ
18、iresthata10O%renewablepowersectorisdeployedby2030latestforadvancedeconomiesandby2040latestforothers,andthattheentireeconomyisfuelledby100%renewableenergyby2040latestforadvancedeconomiesandby2050latestforEMDEs(seeBox2).Basedonthesecriteria,theRETshowsthat:Thepaceofchangeobservedoverthelastfouryearsav
19、ailableisinsufficientandwillhavetobesignificantlyacceleratedforcountriestodeploy100%renewableenergysystemsbythespecifiedyears,notablythroughenhancedambition,betterregulationsandsignificantlyincreasedinvestments. Effortsareneededinthepowersector,andevenmoreoutsideofthepowersector,inallend-usesectors.
20、Whileinthepowersector13countriesareassessedasbeingontrackoralmostontrack,onlytwocountriesareassessedassuchwhenitcomestodeployingrenewableseconomy-wide.Severalcountriesareheadinginthewrongdirectionandmustreversetheirtrajectorieslhisisthecaseforfivecountriesinthepowersector(Cambodia,UruguayjCroatia,Ir
21、an,ltaly)andtwocountrieseconomy-wide(CongojVietnam). NoneofthenationsoftheG20areuptospeedtoreach100%renewableseitherinthepowersectororeconomy-wide.Ingeneral,andforthecountriesincludedinthetracker,advancedeconomiesarenotperformingbetterthanEMDEsJnthepowersectorforexample,thesameshareofadvancedeconomi
22、esorEMDEsareassessedasontrackoralmostontrack.1.IncludingUgandathathasoneofthelargestenergyaccessdeficits.Trendassessment:Arecountriesprogressingorbacksliding?Despiteagenerallackofambition,ourRenewableEnergyTrackerindicatesthat:Justoverhalfofcountries(33)aremostlyprogressingacrossaselectionofIndicato
23、rs21WhiIe14aremostlystagnatingand9aremostlybacksliding3.ProgressisunequalbetweenadvancedeconomiesandEMDEs:83%ofadvancedeconomiesaremostlyprogress!ng,comparedtoonly38%ofEMDEs.Thedifferencesarethelargestwhenitcomestoincreasingtheshareofrenewablesinfinalenergyconsumptionbutalsodeployingnewrenewablecapa
24、citiesforthepowersector(onapercapitabasis).of time available if the indicator2. Consideringthelasttwoyearsavailableorthelasttwoperiodscoversmultipleyears.SeeAppendixC.3. Othershavemixedresultsandarecategorisedasinconclusive.RecommendationsGovernmentsshouldcommittotheUNSecretary-Generalscallforgreate
25、rambition,urgingdevelopednationstoachievenet-zeroemissionsby2040andothercountriesby2050.Givethehistoryofunmetexpectationsofcarboncaptureandstorageandthemanyissuesinherenttonuclearenergy,thesegoalsshouldbeattainedthrough100%renewablesonly.MembersoftheG20inparticularshouldredoubleeffortsastheyarefarof
26、ftrackfromreachingthesegoals.Governmentsshouldcommittomorethantriplingrenewableelectricitycapacityby2030comparedto2022levels,andtoaddingatleast1.5TWofrenewablecapacityworldwideannuallyby2030andbeyond,primarilythroughwindandsolar.Thisshouldbepursuedinparalleltoajustandequitablephaseoutoffossilfuels,e
27、ndingofsubsidiestofossilfuelsanddoublingtherateofannualenergyefficiencyimprovementsby2030andbeyond.ThelastG20LeaderslDecIarationSisafirststepinthatdirection,butwillneedtobeconsiderablyworkeduponatCOP28andbeyond.Anindependently,transparentlyandscientificallymonitoredprocessisneededthatreviewsthetrans
28、lationoftheseglobaltargetsintofairandequitablenationaltargets,throughamulti-stakeholderapproachincludingtheparticipationofcivilsociety,policymakers,privateactors,localcommunities,etc.Internationaland(sub-)nationalcommitmentsandregulationsaswellasNationallyDeterminedContributionsshouldbestrengthenedt
29、oparticularlyincludetargetsforthepowersectorfor2030and2035,aswellaseconomywideandsectoraltargetstobolsterelectrificationacrossallsectorsforhigherpenetrationofrenewableseconomy-wide.Regulatoryissuesandsupply-chainbottlenecksmustalsobeaddressedtoensurethattheinfrastructureforrenewables(e.g.distributio
30、nandtransmissiongrids,storage)isdeployedatscaleandontime.4. IEA(2023).NetZerORoadm5. G20NeWDelhiLeaderSDeclarationInmanylow-incomecountries,boththeabsenceofsufficientfinancialsupportandthesignificantlyhigherandunjustcostsofcapitalthattheyfacecontributetodelaytheenergytransitionandmustbetackledhead-o
31、n,throughsignificantlyenhancedgrantandnon-debtcreatingfinancefromricherOECD/developedcountriestodevelopingcountries,aswellasinternationalCollaboration.ThiswillhelptodefineandimplementacleanenergypathwayawayfromfossilfuelsandisparamounttoensurethattheSustainableDevelopmentGoal7,whichaimsforuniversala
32、ccesstoelectricityandcleancookingfuelsandtechnologies,willbeachievedby2030.Publicgrants-basedmoneyor/andconcessionalloansarenotenough.Tomasterthelargecleanenergytransition,theprivatefinancialsectoralsoneedstochange.BesideotherpoliciessupportingParis-alignedpathways,internationalregulationscoveringth
33、einternationalspreadofnationalbanksaswellasstrictadherencetocompany-widerulesnationallyandinternationallyareconditionaltotriggerthebillionsneededfore.g.microgrids,rooftopsolarorlargescaleoffshorewindpower.Throughnationalplans,policies,standards,certificationsandduediligenceprocedures,governmentsandc
34、orporationsshouldcommittoarapid,justandequitabletransitiontorenewablesthatminimisesimpactsonnature,upholdsandprotectshumanandlabourrights,ensuresparticipationoflocalcommunities,strengthenthelandrightsofcommunitiesandindigenouspeoples,ensuringtheirFreejPriorandInformedConsent,andcontributestosustaina
35、bledevelopmentthroughe.g.accesstoqualityjobsanddecentIivelihoodsJncIudingforwomen6andruralpopulations.Governmentsandinternationalorganisationsshouldensurethepublicavailabilityofup-to-dateandtransparentdataregardingrenewables,including,butnotlimitedto:betterinformationonpublicinvestmentsinfossilfuels
36、comparedtorenewables;employmentStatisticsjownershipdetails;benefitsforandinclusionoflocalCommunitiesjnvestmentsinanddeploymentofgridsandStoragejenvironmentalimpacts.6.Seee.g.WWEA(2022).EmIJOWelinqWOmenintheenergytransformation.7.Seee.g.SELCO&IRENA(2022).FOSterinqIiVeIihOOdSWithdecentralisedrenewable
37、energy.INTRODUCTIONAjust,equitableandrapidtransitionto100%renewableenergyisurgentlyneededThescienceisclear:tokeepglobalwarmingbelow1.5degrees,wemusturgentlyscaleuprenewableenergyandnotablywindandsolarenergies,whichwereonceagainidentifiedasthemostcost-effectivesupply-sidesolutionswiththegreatestpoten
38、tialformitigationinthelatestreportsfromtheIPCCoandIEAopublishedin2023.Beyondmitigation,deployingrenewableenergyisalsoofutmostimportancetoachieveuniversalenergyaccessby2030,eradicateenergypovertyindevelopingcountries,improveairquality,ensureenergysecurity,resilienceandpricestability,andgeneratejobsan
39、dlocaleconomicbenefits.Thetransitionneedstobepursuedinajust,equitableandsustainablewayo,leaving“noWorkerjCommunityorcountrybehind,.ltmustbepursuedalongsideafull,fast,fairandfundedphaseoutofallfossilfuels2andsignificantimprovementsinenergyefficiencyandconservation,toachieve100%renewableenergysystemsb
40、y2050atthelatest.Overthepastyears,remarkableprogresshasbeenmadeinrenewables,withplummetingcosts,recordhighsharesofrenewablesinelectricitygeneration(globalelectricitygenerationbywindandsolargrewfrom3%to12%between2012and20222),andanincreasednumberofgovernmentsadoptingrenewableenergyorelectricitytarget
41、s.However,theelectricitysectorstillprovideslessthanonequarterofallfinalenergyandtheshareoffossilfuelsintotalfinalenergyconsumptionremainsataround80%,similartoonedecadeago4.8.IPCC(2023).SVntheSiSreport.9.IEA(2023).NaZeroROadmaP10.CAN(2023).Thetransitionto100%REmustbejust,equitableandrapid.U.CiVilSOCi
42、etVEclUitVReVieW(2022)12. CAN(2023).Theworldneedsafair,fast,full,andfundedfossilfuelphase-out13. EMBERDataEXDIOrer:https:ember-dimate.orq/data/data-tools/data-explorerL14. REN21(2023).GIobalStatUSReDOrtReneWabIeS(GlobaIOverview)Inaddition,investmentsanddeploymentinrenewablesremainunequallydistribute
43、dacrosstheworld:manydevelopingcountriesarefacingdisproportionateandunjusthighcostsofcapital,supply-chainrisksandchallengesarerising,andevenmoreworryingly,1individualoutofHstilllackedaccesstoelectricityin2021,i.e.675millionpeopleworldwidel5.Effortstosignificantlyandurgentlyscaleuprenewablesmustbeenha
44、ncedandmaintainedatahighleveltofullyreplacefossilfuelsandprovideuniversalaccesstoelectricityandcleancooking.Theannualrenewablecapacityadditionsexpectedin2023(around440GW6)arepromising,butthereisstillalongwaytogobeforereachingatleast1.5TWperyearby2030andbeyondwithwindandsolarmainly?,inordertostaywith
45、inthe1.5CtemperaturelimitsoftheParisagreement.Forcomparison,1.5TWisequaltothecombinedrenewablepowercapacitiesinstalledinallOECDcountriesin2022,ortentimesthecapacityinstalledinGermany1WhichcurrentlyholdsthehighestrenewablepowercapacityinEurope.TheRenewableEnergyTrackeritowardsafairandequitableassessm
46、entofcountriesInsuchacontext,withpositivesignalsandyetanoveralllackofambitionandimplementation,itisimportanttoholdgovernmentsaccountableandmonitortheirachievementandprogress,whileacknowledgingdifferencesacrosscountries,e.g.intermsofpriorities,financialabilitiesandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilit
47、ies.TheRenewableEnergyTracker(RET)isamultidimensionalassessmentof60countries8thatprovidesasnapshotofwheretheystandandwheretheyareheadingandthatisdrivenbyprinciplesofequity,fairnessandtransparency.15. TraCkinaSDG7-TheEnerayPrOareSSreport(2023)16. IEA(2023).ReneWabIeEnerayMarketUDdate17. CAN(2023).GIO
48、baltaraetSforCIeanrenewablesandenervefficiencymustStandalongsidefos-SiIfUelDhaSeOUt.ClimateAnalytics(2023)-2030targetsalignedto1.5。C:evidencefromtheIateStQlObalPathWays.18. Thecountrieswerechosentoensureamprehensiveverageintermsofgeographies,e-omics(26countrieswith,highicome,14withupper-middleincomeand20with,loworlower-middleincome)andpolitics(allG20andBRICSnationsareincluded,butnottheEuropeanUnionasawhole).Somecountrieswereincludedonanad-hocbasisafterscreeningforre
