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1、美国名人女权运动主义者苏珊安东尼SusanB.Anthonyz1820-1906:SheLedtheFighttoGainEqualRightsforWomen,IncludingtheRighttoVoteplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:43repeatByShelleyGollust2008-6-14VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.Intheeighteenfifties,womenintheUnitedStatesbegantotrytogainthesa
2、merightsasmen.Onewomanwasaleaderinthecampaigntogainwomentherighttovote.mStanBusby.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.Todaywetellaboutafighterforrightsforwomen,SusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:SusanB.AnthonyInseventeenseventy-six,anewnationdeclareditsfreedomfromBritain.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasthedocum
3、entwrittentoexpressthereasonsforseekingthatfreedom.Itstatedthatallmenwerecreatedequal.ItsaidthatallmenhadtherighttoHfe,Iibert,andthepursuitofhappiness.VOICETWO:NoteverycitizenofthenewUnitedStatesofAmericahadoneimportantright,however.Thatwastherighttovote.Atfirst,theonlypeoplepermittedtovoteintheUnit
4、edStateswerewhitemenwhoownedpropertyandcouldread.Byeighteensixty,mostwhitemalecitizensovertheageoftwenty-onehadtherighttovote.TheFourteenthandFifteenthamendmentstotheConstitutiongaveblackmalecitizenstherighttovote.Theseamendmentswerepassedineighteensixty-eightandeighteenseventy.VOICEONE:Womenwerenot
5、reallyfullcitizensinAmericaintheeighteenhundreds.Theyhadnoeconomicindependence.Forexample,everythingawomanownedwhenshegotmarriedbelongedtoherhusband.Ifamarriedwomanworked,themoneyshemadebelongedtoherhusband.Inaddition,womenhadnopoliticalpower.Theydidnothavetherighttovote.Intheeighteenfifties,womenor
6、ganizedinanefforttogainvotingrights.Theircampaignwascalledthewomenssuffragemovement.Suffragemeanstherighttovote.Americanwomensoughttogainthatrightformorethanseventyyears.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneoftheleadersofthemovementwasSusanB.AnthonyofMassachusetts.MissAnthonywasateacher.Shebelievedthatwomenneededecon
7、omicandpersonalindependence.ShealsobelievedthattherewasnohopeforsocialimprovementintheUnitedStatesuntilwomenweregiventhesamerightsasmen.Therightsincludedtherighttovoteinpublicelections.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywasbornineighteentwenty.HerparentsweremembersoftheQuakerreligion.Shebecameone,too.TheQuakers
8、believedthattherightsofwomenshouldbehonored.Theywerethefirstreligiousgroupwherewomensharedtheleadershipwithmen.VOICETWO:Asayoungwoman,Susanhadstrongbeliefsaboutjusticeandequalityforwomenandforblackpeople.Andshewasquicktospeakoutagainstwhatshebelievedwasnotjust.Manyyoungmenwantedtomarryher.Butshecoul
9、dnotconsidermarryingamanwhowasnotasintelligentasshe.Sheoncesaid:Icanneverunderstandwhyintelligentgirlsshouldwanttomarryfoolsjusttogetmarried.Manyarewillingtodoso.ButIamnot.Shedidmeetsomeyoungmenwhowereintelligent.Butitalwaysseemedthattheyexpectedwomentobetheirservants,nottheirequals.VOICEONE:SusanB.
10、AnthonybecameaschoolteacherinNewYorkstate.Sherealizedthatwomencouldneverbecomefullcitizenswithoutsomepoliticalpower.Theycouldnevergetsuchpoweruntiltheygottherighttovote.ShewentfromtowntotowninNewYorkstatetryingtogetwomeninterestedintheirrighttovote.Buttheydidnotseeminterested.MissAnthonyfeltthiswasb
11、ecausewomenwerenotabletodoanythingforthemselves.Theyhadnomoneyorpropertyoftheirown.Thestruggleseemedlongandhard.Shesaid:VOICETWO:AsIwentfromtowntotown,Iunderstoodmoreandmoretheevilwemustfight.Theevilisthatwomencannotchangeanythingaslongastheymustdependonmenfortheirverylives.Womencannotchangeanything
12、untiltheythemselvesareindependent.Theycannotbefreeuntiltheyhavethelegalrighttoownpropertyandtokeepthemoneytheymakebyworking.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MissAnthonywenttoeverycityztownandvillageinNewYorkstate.Sheorganizedmeetingsinschools,churches,andpublicplaces.Everywhereshewent,shecarriedpamphletsurgingrights
13、forwomen.SheurgedthelawmakersofNewYorktochangethestatelawandgivewomentherighttoownproperty.HercampaigninNewYorkfailedatthattime.Butelsewherethestruggleforwomensrightswasmakingprogress.VOICETWO:SusanB.AnthonyandElizabethCadyStantonIneighteenfifty-one,SusanB.AnthonymetElizabethCadyStanton.MissusStanto
14、nalsosupportedequalrightsforwomen.MissusStantonhadmanychildren.Sheneededtoremainathometoraiseherlargefamily.MissAnthony,however,wasnotmarried.Shewasfreetotravel,tospeak,andtoorganizeforthewomensrightsmovement.ThetwowomencooperatedinleadingthefighttogainrightsforwomenintheUnitedStates.Theirfirstimpor
15、tantsuccesscameineighteensixtywhenNewYorkfinallyapprovedamarriedwomanslaw.ForthefirsttimeinNewYork,amarriedwomancouldownproperty.And,shehadarighttothemoneyshewaspaidforworkshedid.Atlast,MissAnthonyscampaignwasbeginningtoshowresults.Thecampaignspreadtootherstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheendoftheAmericanCi
16、vilWarineighteensixty-fivefreedNegroesfromslavery.SusanB.Anthonyfeltthattherewasstillmuchtobedonetogetfullfreedom-forNegroesandalsoforwomen.ShebegantocampaignfortherightforNegroesandwomentovote.TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionwasapprovedineighteensixty-eight.ItgaveNegromentheright
17、tovote.Butitdidnotgivewomentherighttovote.VOICETWO:SusanB.AnthonyledeffortstohavevotingrightsforwomenincludedintheFourteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Hereffortswerenotsuccessful.ThenMissAnthonydecidedtotestthelegalbasisoftheFourteenthAmendment.Shedidthisduringthepresidentialelectionofeighteensevent
18、y-two.Onelectionday,MissAnthonyledagroupofwomentovoteinRochester,NewYork.Twoweekslater,MissAnthonywasarrested.Shewaschargedwithvotingalthoughshehadnolegalrighttodoso.VOICEONE:Beforehertrial,SusanB.AnthonytraveledaroundNewYorkstate.Shespoketomanygroupsabouttheinjusticeofdenyingwomentherighttovote.She
19、said:VOICETWO:Ourdemocratic,republicangovernmentisbasedontheideathateverypersonshallhaveavoiceandavoteinmakingthelawsandputtingthemtowork.Itiswe,thepeople-allthepeople-notjustwhitemenormenonIyzwhoformedthisnation.Weformedittogetlibertynotjustforhalfofus-notjustforhalfofourchildren-butforall,forwomen
20、aswellasmen.Istherighttovoteanecessaryrightofcitizens?Tomymind,itisamostimportantright.Withoutit,allotherrightsarenothing.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywastriedandfoundguiltyofviolatingthelaw.Shewasorderedtopayonehundreddollarsasapunishment.Shesaidthelawwaswrong.Sherefusedtopay.MissAnthonythenledeffortstog
21、ainvotingrightsforwomenthroughanewamendmenttotheConstitution.Shetraveledacrossthecountrytocampaignforsuchanamendmentuntilshewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Innineteen-oh-four,shespoketoacommitteeoftheUnitedStatesSenateforthelasttime.ThecommitteewasdiscussingtheproposalforanamendmenttotheConstitutiongivingwo
22、mentherighttovote.Sheknewthevictorywouldcome.Butshealsoknewitwouldnotcomewhileshewasalive.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonydiedinnineteen-oh-sixattheageofeighty-six.Thirteenyearslater,innineteennineteen,CongresspassedtheNineteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Theamendmentstatedthattherighttovoteshallnotbedeniedb
23、ecauseofapersonssex.Theamendmenthadtobeapprovedbythree-fourthsofthestates.ItwonfinalapprovalonAugusttwenty-sixth,nineteentwenty.ItwascalledtheAnthonyAmendment,tohonorSusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mStanBusby.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
