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1、美国名人女权运动的著名领袖苏珊布朗奈尔安东尼SusanB.Anthony:SheFoughtforU.S.WomensRighttoVoteplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:00repeatByShelleyGollust2005-7-30(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.Intheeighteen-fifties,womenintheUnitedStatesbegantotrytogainthesamerightsasmen.Onewomanwasa
2、leaderinthecampaigntogainwomentherighttovote.mStanBusby.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.Todaywetellaboutafighterforrightsforwomen,SusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inseventeenseventy-six,anewnationdeclareditsfreedomfromBritain.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasthedocumentwrittentoexpressthereasonsforseekingt
3、hatfreedom.Itstatedthatallmenwerecreatedequal.Itsaidthatallmenhadtherighttolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.VOICETWO:NoteverycitizenofthenewUnitedStatesofAmericahadoneimportantright,however.Thatwastherighttovote.Atfirst,theonlypeoplepermittedtovoteintheUnitedStateswerewhitemenwhoownedpropertyan
4、dcouldread.Byeighteensixty,mostwhitemalecitizensovertheageoftwenty-onehadtherighttovote.TheFourteenthandFifteenthamendmentstotheConstitutiongaveblackmalecitizenstherighttovote.Theseamendmentswerepassedineighteensixty-eightandeighteenseventy.VOICEONE:WomenwerenotreallyfullcitizensinAmericaintheeighte
5、enhundreds.Theyhadnoeconomicindependence.Forexample,everythingawomanownedwhenshegotmarriedbelongedtoherhusband.Ifamarriedwomanworked,themoneyshemadebelongedtoherhusband.Inaddition,womenhadnopoliticalpower.Theydidnothavetherighttovote.Intheeighteenfifties,womenorganizedinanefforttogainvotingrights.Th
6、eircampaignwascalledthewomenssuffragemovement.Suffragemeanstherighttovote.Americanwomensoughttogainthatrightformorethanseventyyears.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneoftheleadersofthemovementwasSusanB.AnthonyofMassachusetts.MissAnthonywasateacher.Shebelievedthatwomenneededeconomicandpersonalindependence.Shealsobel
7、ievedthattherewasnohopeforsocialimprovementintheUnitedStatesuntilwomenweregiventhesamerightsasmen.Therightsincludedtherighttovoteinpublicelections.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywasbornineighteentwenty.HerparentsweremembersoftheQuakerreligion.Shebecameonetoo.TheQuakersbelievedthattherightsofwomenshouldbehon
8、ored.Theywerethefirstreligiousgroupwherewomensharedtheleadershipwithmen.VOICETWO:Asayoungwoman,Susanhadstrongbeliefsaboutjusticeandequalityforwomenandforblackpeople.Andshewasquicktospeakoutagainstwhatshebelievedwasnotjust.Manyyoungmenwantedtomarryher.Butshecouldnotconsidermarryingamanwhowasnotasinte
9、lligentasshe.Sheoncesaid:Icanneverunderstandwhyintelligentgirlsshouldwanttomarryfoolsjusttogetmarried.Manyarewillingtodoso.ButIamnot.Shedidmeetsomeyoungmenwhowereintelligent.Butitalwaysseemedthattheyexpectedwomentobetheirservants,nottheirequals.VOICEONE:SusanB.AnthonybecameaschoolteacherinNewYorksta
10、te.Sherealizedthatwomencouldneverbecomefullcitizenswithoutsomepoliticalpower.Theycouldnevergetsuchpoweruntiltheygottherighttovote.ShewentfromtowntotowninNewYorkstatetryingtogetwomeninterestedintheirrighttovote.Buttheydidnotseeminterested.MissAnthonyfeltthiswasbecausewomenwerenotabletodoanythingforth
11、emselves.Theyhadnomoney,orpropertyoftheirown.Thestruggleseemedlongandhard.Shesaid:AsIwentfromtowntotown,Iunderstoodmoreandmoretheevilwemustfight.Theevilisthatwomencannotchangeanythingaslongastheymustdependonmenfortheirverylives.Womencannotchangeanythinguntiltheythemselvesareindependent.Theycannotbef
12、reeuntiltheyhavethelegalrighttoownpropertyandtokeepthemoneytheymakebyworking.,(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MissAnthonywenttoeverycity,townandvillageinNewYorkstate.Sheorganizedmeetingsinschools,churches,andpublicplaces.Everywhereshewent,shecarriedpamphletsurgingrightsforwomen.SheurgedthelawmakersofNewYorktochange
13、thestatelawandgivewomentherighttoownproperty.HercampaigninNewYorkfailedatthattime.Butelsewherethestruggleforwomensrightswasmakingprogress.VOICETWO:Ineighteenfifty-one,SusanB.AnthonymetElizabethCadyStanton.MissusStantonalsosupportedequalrightsforwomen.MissusStantonhadmanychildren.Sheneededtoremainath
14、ometoraiseherlargefamily.MissAnthonyzhowever;wasnotmarried.Shewasfreetotravel,tospeak,andtoorganizeforthewomensrightsmovement.ThetwowomencooperatedinleadingthefighttogainrightsforwomenintheUnitedStates.TheirfirstimportantsuccesscameineighteensixtywhenNewYorkfinallyapprovedamarriedwomanslaw.Forthefir
15、sttimeinNewYork,amarriedwomancouldownproperty.And,shehadarighttothemoneyshewaspaidforworkshedid.Atlast,MissAnthonyscampaignwasbeginningtoshowresults.Thecampaignspreadtootherstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheendoftheAmericanCivilWarineighteensixty-fivefreedNegroesfromslavery.SusanB.Anthonyfeltthattherewassti
16、llmuchtobedonetogetfullfreedom-forNegroesandalsoforwomen.ShebegantocampaignfortherightforNegroesandwomentovote.TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionwasapprovedineighteensixty-eight.ItgaveNegromentherighttovote.Butitdidnotgivewomentherighttovote.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonyledeffortstohavevo
17、tingrightsforwomenincludedintheFourteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Hereffortswerenotsuccessful.ThenMissAnthonydecidedtotestthelegalbasisoftheFourteenthAmendment.Shedidthisduringthepresidentialelectionofeighteenseventy-two.Onelectionday,MissAnthonyledagroupofwomentovoteinRochester;NewYork.Twoweeksla
18、ter;MissAnthonywasarrested.Shewaschargedwithvotingalthoughshehadnolegalrighttodoso.VOICEONE:Beforehertrial,SusanB.AnthonytraveledaroundNewYorkstate.Shespoketomanygroupsabouttheinjusticeofdenyingwomentherighttovote.Shesaid:VOICETWO:Ourdemocratic,republicangovernmentisbasedontheideathateverypersonshal
19、lhaveavoiceandavoteinmakingthelawsandputtingthemtowork.Itiswe,thepeople-allthepeople-notjustwhitemenormenOnlywhoformedthisnation.WeformedittogetlibertynotjustforhalfofUS-notjustforhalfofourchildren-butforall,forwomenaswellasmen,Istherighttovoteanecessaryrightofcitizens?Tomymind,itisamostimportantrig
20、ht.Withoutitzallotherrightsarenothing.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywastriedandfoundguiltyofviolatingthelaw.Shewasorderedtopayonehundreddollarsasapunishment.Shesaidthelawwaswrong.Sherefusedtopay.MissAnthonythenledeffortstogainvotingrightsforwomenthroughanewamendmenttotheConstitution.Shetraveledacrossthecou
21、ntrytocampaignforsuchanamendmentuntilshewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Innineteen-oh-fou;shespoketoacommitteeoftheUnitedStatesSenateforthelasttime.ThecommitteewasdiscussingtheproposalforanamendmenttotheConstitutiongivingwomentherighttovote.Sheknewthevictorywouldcome.Butshealsoknewitwouldnotcomewhileshewasa
22、live.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonydiedinnineteen-oh-sixattheageofeighty-six.Thirteenyearslater,innineteennineteen,CongresspassedtheNineteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Theamendmentstatedthattherighttovoteshallnotbedeniedbecauseofapersonssex.Theamendmenthadtobeapprovedbythree-fourthsofthestates.ItwonfinalapprovalonAugusttwenty-sixth,nineteentwenty.ItwascalledtheAnthonyAmendment,tohonorSusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mStanBusby.AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
