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1、美国名人记者爱德华默罗EdwardR.Murrow,1908-1965:TheFamousRadioandTelevisionReporterHelpedCreateModernNewsBroadcastingplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:13repeatByGeorgeGrow2008-5-24VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellthestoryofEdwardR.Murrow,afamousradioan
2、dtelevisionbroadcaster.Hehelpedcreateanddevelopmodernnewsbroadcasting.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EdwardR.MurrowEgbertRoscoeMurrowwasborninnineteen-oh-eightinthestateofNorthCarolina.HisparentslivedonafarminanareacalledPolecatCreek.TheMurrowsweremembersoftheQuakers,areligiousgroupknownforitshumanitarianactivitie
3、sandoppositiontowar.WhenhewasaboytheMurrowfamilymovedacrossthecountry.TheysettledinthewesternstateofWashington,neartheborderwithCanada.VOICETWO:Incollege,EgbertMurrowchangedhisnametoEdward.HecompletedhiscollegeeducationatWashingtonStateCollegeinnineteenthirty.Edwardwasactiveincollegepolitics.Heserve
4、daspresidentoftheNationalStudentFederation.Heorganizeddebatesandothereventsforthestudentorganization.HealsotraveledthroughouttheUnitedStatesandEurope.EdMurrowjoinedtheInstituteofInternationalEducationinnineteenthirty-two.Heservedasassistantdirectorofthegroup.Duringthisperiod,hemarriedayoungwomanheha
5、dmetatastudentconference.HernamewasJanetBrewster.Theylaterhadonechild,ason.VOICEONE:EdwardR.MurrowacceptedajobwiththeColumbiaBroadcastingSysteminnineteenthirty-five.HisjobwastogetfamouspeopletospeakonCBSradioprograms.Twoyearslater,MurrowwasnameddirectoroftheCBSEuropeanofficeandmovedtoLondon,England.
6、HisjobwastogetEuropeanofficialsandexpertstoprovidecommentsforCBSbroadcasts.Murrowwastwenty-nineyearsoldandthecompanysonlyrepresentativeinEurope.VOICETWO:ThesituationinEuropewasbecomingtense.AdolfHitlerandhisNazipartyhadcometopowerinGermany.Upuntilthattime,radionewsintheUnitedStateswasmostlyopinions,
7、orcommentary.CBSofficialswereconcernedaboutpermittingnewsbroadcastsbyreporters.MurrowofferedajobtoWilliamL.Shirer,anewspaperreporter.Thetwomenwantedtodosomethingdifferent.Theywantedtopresentradioreportsaboutwhattheyhadseenandheard.InMarch,nineteenthirty-eight,thetwomenmaderadiobroadcastinghistory.Th
8、eyproducedathirty-minutebroadcasttoreportontheseizureofAustriabyNaziGermany.ThatmeantgettingpeopleinBerlinandotherEuropeancapitalstocommentonthenewsstory.MurrowtraveledtoViennatoreportonNaziforcesenteringtheAustriancapital.ThebroadcastalsoincludedreportsfromLondon,Berlin,Paris,FranceandRome,Italy.It
9、wasahugesuccess.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MurrowreturnedtoLondonandcontinuedhisbroadcastsasWorldWarTwostarted.Heopenedthereportswiththewords,ThisisLondon.Murrowwasanexcellentreporterwhochosehiswordswithgreatskill.HisreportsseemedtobringthewarhometoAmericans.Forexample,hedescribedtheBattleofBritainashesawandex
10、periencedit.Insomeofhisreports,listenerscouldhearthesoundofbombexplosionsorairraidwarnings.Once,Murrowbroadcastfromthetopofabuildinganddescribedwhathesaw.HereispartofonereportfromAugustthirty-first,nineteenthirty-nine.MurrowdescribesplansbyBritishofficialstomovechildrenawayfromcoastalareas:EDWARDR.M
11、URROW:Schoolchildrenwillbetakenbytheirteacherstohomesinsaferdistrictswheretheywillbehousedbypeoplewhohavealreadyofferedtoreceivethemandlookafterthem.Allparentsofschoolchildrenarestronglyurgedtolettheirchildrengo.Parentswillbetoldwheretheirchildrenareassoonastheyreachtheirnewhomes.VOICETWO:Murroworga
12、nizedateamofreporterswhosenameswouldbecomewellknowntoAmericanlisteners.TheyincludedCharlesCollingwood,RobertTroutzEricSevereid,andHowardK.Smith.Theteamhadelevenmembers.TheywerecalledtheMurrowboys.TheyreportednewsfromthemajorEuropeancapitals.TheirreportswereheardontheCBSradioprogramWorldNewsRoundup.T
13、hesemenestablishedthetraditionsofbroadcastjournalism.Mostofthereportershadworkedfornewspapersormagazines.Theyhadlearnedtoworkquicklyandclearly,muchneededqualitiesinradio.TheMurrowboysweretohaveapowerfuleffectonAmericanbroadcastingforyearstocome.EdwardR.Murrowtookhislistenersplacestheyhadneverbeen.He
14、letthemexperiencethingstheycouldnotimagine.Forexample,afterWorldWarTwo,hewasamongthefirstAlliedreporterstovisittheBuchenwaldprisoncampoperatedbytheNazisinGermanyduringthewar.Thisishowhedescribedtheprisonersthere:EDWARDR.MURROW:Aswewalkedintothecourtyard,amanfelldead.Twoothers,theymusthavebeenoversix
15、ty,werecrawlingtowardthelatrine.Isawit,butwillnotdescribeit.Inanotherpartofthecamp,theyshowedmethechildren,hundredsofthem.Somewereonlysix.Onerolleduphissleeveandshowedmehisnumber.Itwastattooedonhisarm.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MurrowwasfamouswhenhereturnedhometotheUnitedStatesafterthewar.HisworkinEuropeguaran
16、teedhimaplaceinthehistoryofnewsreporting.HewasappointedvicepresidentofNewsatCBSinnineteenforty-six.However,heresignedfromthepositionthefollowingyearandreturnedtobroadcasting.Murrowrecordedaseriesofrecordalbumswithaproducer,FredFriendly.TheserieswascalledICanHearItNow.Theseprogramspresentedhistorical
17、eventsthroughrecordingsofspeechesandnewsbroadcasts.LateMurrowandFriendlydevelopedasimilarweeklyradioshow.ItwascalledHearItNow.VOICETWO:IntheUnitedStates,theriseoftelevisioninthenineteenfiftiesendedtheperiodcalledtheGoldenAgeofRadioBroadcasting.Mostofthepopularshowsdisappearedfromradio.Moreandmorepeo
18、plestartedwatchingtelevision.SoEdMurrowandhisboysmovedtotelevision.HejoinedwithFredFriendlytocreatetheseriesSeeItNow.Thisshowlastedfromnineteenfifty-onetonineteenfifty-eight.ThefirstSeeItNowshowedthefirsttelevisionpicturesbroadcastfrombothcoasts.ItshowedtheBrooklynBridgeinNewYorkCityandtheGoldenGate
19、BridgeinSanFrancisco,California.SenatorJosephMcCarthyInoneprogram,SeeItNowexaminedaccusationsmadebySenatorJosephMcCarthy.HehadaccusedgovernmentofficialsofbeingsupportersormembersoftheCommunistParty.TheprogramshowedthatSenatorMcCarthyhadnorealevidencefortheaccusations.Somepeoplesaytheprogramhelpedtoe
20、ndthesenatorshuntforCommunists.Expertssaytheprogramwasimportantinthehistoryoftelevision.OtherbroadcastsonSeeItNowconcernedimportantissuesofrace,warandgovernmentdishonesty.VOICEONE:MurrowalsostartedanothertelevisionshowcalledPersontoPerson.Hespokewithfamouspeopleintheirhomes.OneprogramvisitedEleanorR
21、oosevelt,wifeofformerPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.TheshowalsovisitedactressMarilynMonroe,actorMarlonBrandoandSenatorJohnF.Kennedy.EdMurrowalsoproducedanumberofspecialinvestigativeprogramsforCBS.OnesuchprogramwascalledHarvestofShame.Itshowedthehardlivesandpoorlivingconditionsoffarmworkerswhomovefromp
22、lacetoplace.SomepeoplesaythisbroadcastwassopowerfulthatitinfluencedAmericanlawmakerstopassmeasurestoprotectthesemigrantworkers.VOICETWO:MurrowsreportingandchoiceofsubjectsoftenledtodisputeswithhissupervisorsatCBS.AfterJohnRKennedywaselectedpresident,heaskedthenewsmantoleadtheUnitedStatesInformationA
23、gency.Murrowservedastheagencysdirectorfromnineteensixty-onetonineteensixty-four.Thenheretiredfromthejob.Murrowwassickwithlungcancer.Hehadsmokedcigarettesformuchofhislife.Hediedinnineteensixty-fiveathisfarminPawling,NewYork.Hewasfifty-sevenyearsold.Bythetimehedied,Murrowhadwonallofthetopawardsgivento
24、reporters.Healsoreceivedhonorsfromfivecolleges.PresidentLyndonJohnsongavehimtheMedalofFreedom.ThatisthehighesthonorapresidentcangivetoanAmericancitizen.Today,EdwardR.Murrowisrememberedforhisinfluenceonbroadcastingandthequalityofhisreporting.FormerCBSchairmanWilliamPaleyoncesaidMurrowwasamanmadeforhistimeandwork.Paleycalledhimastudent,athinkerand,atheart,apoetofmankind.Asaresult,hesaidzMurrowwasagreatreporter.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyGeorgeGrow.LawanDaviswasourproducer.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.
