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1、专题10代词“代词”是中考英语的重要考点之一,在初中阶段贯穿整个语法体系,重点在七年级教材提到,分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。在2024年的中考中,这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查不同代词之间的用法辨析,同时也会涉及到代词之间的形式转换。重点掌握代词的分类,变形和用法这三个方面的知识点。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、短文填空等题型。解答此类试题的关键,是要弄清楚代词在句中是主格还是宾格、是形容词性物主代词还是名词性物主代词、是属于不定代词中的哪一类等。短文填空的题型中一般会考察到代词这个知识点,这个时候需要明确这个代词在这个句子中的位置以及前
2、后有没有形成关于代词的固定词组,类似于“byoneself,helponeself,dressOneSeIf这种搭配。掌握好代词的考点对于中考基础题的拿分非常重要。考生需要在平时做题中进行考点的积累和运用。重难诠释-1J-*代词的分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等。知识点1:人称代词1)般情况下,人称代词的主格作主语,放在句子的开头。如:IamateaCher.我是一名教师。(I是主语)Youare10yearsold.你10岁了。(YoU是主语)HeiSmyfriend.他是我的朋友。(He是主语)ItiShOttOday.今天天气热。(I
3、t是主语)2)宾格作宾语A.宾格放在动词后11:let,like,help,give,ask等的后面;例:Letsgo.=Letusgo.让我们走吧。(US作宾语let,s=Ictus)Canyouhelpme?你能帮我吗?(me是宾语)B.宾格放在介词后如:for,to,of,at等的后面。例:TheCakeiSfOrher.这个蛋糕是给她的。(her是宾语)C.在简短对话或口语中,当人称代词单独使用或用在not后,多用宾格。例:一IlikeEnglish.一Metoo.Whobrokethewindow?一Me.(这里me=Itsme.)WhynOtme?(为什么不是我?)Whoistha
4、t?Itsme.是谁啊?是我。3)人称代词在than后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:Heisolderthanme.=HeisolderthanI.他比我大。4)当几个人称代词并列使用时,格的形式应保持一致。人称代词的次序是:两个人称时是我在后,其他人称在前,用数字表示就是2/31;但是这两个人称是复数时,复数We放在第一位,they放在最后。三个人称并列使用时,单数是231,复数是123.)单数you/heandIyouandheyou,he,andI复数weandyou/theyyouandtheywe,youandthey知识点2,物主代词形容词性物主代词的作用相当于
5、形容词。形容词性物主代词(myyourhisheitsOllr/their)+名词,表示是属于谁的东西。例:IIoVemyeOUntry.我热爱我的国家。Yourbikeisnice.你的自行车好看。Theyaretheirbooks,它们是他们的书。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词。例:ThiSismybook.Yoursisoverthere.这是我的书,你的在那边。Thoseapplesarchers.那些苹果是她的。名词性物主代词(mineyourshishersitsOUrS/theirs)则相当于其对应的形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。即:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+
6、名词例:ISthisyourbook?No,itisn,t.It,shers(herbook)/Jim,s/Torn,sMaria,s.Thisisherbook.=Thisbookishers.物主代词和比较级的连用例:Myrulerislongerthanyours.我的尺子比你的长。这里尤其要注意than后面的代词的形式,为了保持前后比较对象一致,所以后面要用名词性物主代词。知识点3:反身代词反身代词的人称、性、数的选择反身代词的常考点一:人称和数的选择,所以要注重句子的翻译,特别要注意人称的对应和反身代词单复数的选择。反身代词的常考点二:一些固定搭配的选用。含有反身代词的常用结构:he
7、lponeself(to)自便,enjoyoneself玩的开心,teachoneself自学,SaytooneSeIf自言自语,devoteoneselfto奉献,leavesb.byoneself将某人独自留下,keepasecrettoOneSeIf保密,hurtoneself受伤,byoneself独自等。如:Thelittleboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.Thechildrenmademodelplanesbythemselves.知识点4,指示代词用法1)在介绍别人的时候多使用this,如:Thisismysister.这是我的妹妹。2)在比较级中
8、多使用that代指前面提到的那个同类事物,用those代替前面提到的那些同类事物。例:TheweatherinsummerinNanjingishotterthanthatinBeijing.ThepeopleinChinaaremuchmorethanthoseinEngland.3)修饰名词时,放在名词前面,用来表示近指(this/these)或远指(that/those)。例:ThiSdeSkiSmine.(近指眼前的桌子)ThatdeskisTOms.(远指那张桌子)4) this在电话中指代自己,that则指代对方。例3Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeak
9、ing?你好!我是玛丽,你是杰克吗?Yes,thisisJackspeaking.是的,我是Jack。5) that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用。但that可单独指代不可数名词。如:thatapple()thatmcat()知识点5:不定代词复合不定代词有12个:something,someone,somebody,anything,anyone,anybody,nothing,nobody,noone,everything,everyone,everybody.(I)Some和any的用法:SOme一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或
10、不可数名词;用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Wouldyoulikesomecoffeewithsugar?any一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词;用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的(2)no和none的用法:no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物表示复数或单数。(3)all和both的用法:all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,
11、用来代替或修饰可数名词。疝和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。all和both既可以修饰名词(a11both+(the)+名词)也可以独立使用,采用“a11both+ofthe+名词(复数)”的形式,其中的Of可以省略。(4)every和each用法:every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念;each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟Of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前(5)Other、theother和another的用法
12、:Other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。another(另外的,再一,又一)与Iheother(另外的一个)主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用theother,在原先基础上增加用another0others与theothers的主要区别:OtherS指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);theothers指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。(6)many和much的用法:many与可数名词复数连用;much与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。many/much用于肯定句时可以在
13、前面加上so、Very或too.(7)few、Iiule、afew、alittle的用法:fewlittle意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,afew、alittle意思是“有几个“、有些,有肯定的意思;few、afew与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,liule、aIiUle与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。复合不定代词somebody,something,anything,nothing,everything,everybody等是由some,any,no,every,加上body,thing构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。som
14、ebody,something,someone一般用于肯定句中;anything,anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面,比如说:SomethingintereSting有趣的事情重难通关练一、单项选择题1. (2023江苏常州中考真题)5.vevisitedNewYorkandLosAngeles,butIdon,tlikeofthemverymuch.A.eitherB.anyC.neitherD.none2. (2023江苏南通中考真题)3.It,sneithertoocoldnortoohotallyearround
15、inKunming,makingaperfectplacetoliveinorvisit.Right.Iwenttherelastyear.A.thatB.oneC.thisD.it3. (2023江苏宿迁中考真题)11.Sandyiswellorganized.一Exactly.inherroomisingoodorder.A.SomethingB.EverythingC.NothingD.None4. (2023江苏无锡中考真题)3.Thinkaboutitandask:haveyoureallydoneeverythingright?A.youB.yourselfC.meD.myself
16、5. (2023江苏无锡中考真题)8.You,vebeensoquiettoday,Tom.Talktome.Saysomething.!WhatamIsupposedtosayafterallthis?Justleavemealone!A.SomethingB.AnythingC.EverythingD.Nothing6. (2023江苏徐州中考真题)7.othernursesinthehospitalhaveworkedherelongerthanHelen;onlyLucyandMarystartedworkingherebeforeher.A.AllB.MostC.SomeD.Few7
17、. (2023江苏镇江中考真题)4.Thetwinbrothersaregdatfootballandofthemhaveatalentforsports.A.neitherB.eitherC.bothD.all8. (2023江苏扬州中考真题)2.Thechildrenhavepaintedsincecouldfirstpickupabrush.A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves9. (2022江苏连云港中考真题)2.OurEnglishteacher,MissLi,iskindandpatient.Wealllike.A.sheB.herC.hersD.hers
18、elf10. (2022江苏连云港中考真题)5.Thereisntintheclassroom.AllthestudentsarehavingaPElessonintheplayground.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody11. (2022江苏无锡中考真题)10.1-Hi,guys.Howwasyourpartyyesterday?-Wonderful!Wehadabigmealandenjoyed.A.themselvesB.myselfC.yourselvesD.ourselves12. (2022江苏无锡中考真题)4.Coffeeortea,
19、Frank?一Coffee,please.Togetrelaxed,isbetterthanacupofcoffee.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything二、单词拼写题1. (2023江苏宿迁中考真题)54.Afriendof(我的)willcometovisitmyfamilythisweekend.2. (2023江苏镇江中考真题)43.Mydreamistobeanaccountantand(她的)istobeanengineer.三、语法填空题1.(2023江苏苏州中考真题)Ascolorwasbomoutofadancebetweenl
20、ightandabody,whenphotographingincolorIfound53(I)enjoyingamomentofthisdance.3. (2023江苏泰州中考真题)Theyneedtodosomeexercisetokeep65(they)healthy.Swimmingisalsoasurvivalskill.Itdoesnoharmtopeopleatallandisthecorrectsportforstudents.AnystudentwhowantstoenterTsinghuaUniversity,remember,swimmingisyournecessary
21、skill.4. (2023江苏宿迁中考真题)Youvesetanexampleto72(we)daughterandweareproudofyou,shetoldhim.5. (2023江苏徐州中考真题)WhenSandcameback,Chopinplayed54(she)themusic.6. (2023江苏扬州中考真题)WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildrensroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn66Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesit
22、sbythefire.7. (2022江苏苏州中考真题)Thewindscanevenknockovertalltrees,whichmightfallonbuildingsorcars.Strongwindscanpickupobjectsandsend49(they)intotheair,causingdamage.8. (2022江苏泰州中考真题)Ifailed!i4TheremustbeS71wrongwithme/Ithought.Ifeltsot72thatIhadtostillliethere.9. (2022江苏徐州中考真题)vegotmychildrenandmygrandc
23、hildren,andtheyareeverythingto58(I).”培优争分练一、单选题1 .(宿迁市2022年中考英语-模试题)4.HaveyougotaniPhone13yet?一No,nowmanypeoplesaynotoitbecauseoffbllow-up(后续)service.A.itB.itsC.it,sD.itself2 .(2022江苏常州外国语学校一模)1.AssoonasImetwithTina,shetoldmeaboutherjob,herfamilyandA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing3 .(2022江
24、苏连云港新海实验中学模)4.Mymotheralwaystellsmethatweshouldnevergiveupourdreams,evenwhenthinkwearedreamingthewrongones!A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.theother4 .(2022江苏南通海安市、启东市中考英语一模试题)3.Thisbookonanimalsisinteresting.dlike,Wheredidyoubuyit,Simon?Inthebookshopnearmyschool.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one5 .(南京市建邺区2022年中考英语二模试
25、卷)2.Maxalwaysremainscalmandmastershisownfeelings.Nowonderheisa.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody6 .(南京市建邺区2022年中考英语一模试题)2.StudentscannotonlyIeamfromtheirteachersbutalsoIeambyduringonlinecourses.A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.their7 .(南京市金陵中学集团2022年中考英语一模试题)4.HaveyougotaniPhone13yet?一No,nowmanypeople
26、saynotoitbecauseoffollow-up(后续的)service.A.itB.itsC.it,sD.itself8 .(南京市联合体2022年中考英语二模试卷)2.Taichi,partofChineseculture,isanexercisewhichhelpspeopleimproveinhealth.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.itselfD.myself9 .(南京市联合体2022年中考英语-模试题)2.NobodytaughtmygrandpahowtouseWeChat.HelearneditallbyA.herselfB.herC.himD.h
27、imself10 .(南京市秦淮区2022年中考英语二模试卷)4.Look!Theclotheson(hosemodelsaredifferentfrom一Well,wearinghanfuisnowbecomingafashionaroundtheworld.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours11 .(南京市秦淮区2022年中考英语一模试题)3.Mom,couldIgetanewphone?一Why?Ithinkphonestilllooksasgoodasnew.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself12 .(南京市玄武区2022年中考英语二模试卷)11.You,db
28、etterencourageBenmore.Iagree.Alittlepraiseisbetterthan.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything13 .(南京市玄武区2022年中考英语一模试题)13.Hasofyourparentscometoseeyou?一No,visitorsarenotallowedtoenterourcollegebecauseoftheCOVID-19.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.either14 .(无锡市滨湖区2022年中考英语一模试题)2.Mom,msorry.Ican,tdothingsasw
29、ellasmyclassmates.Justbe,mylittleboy.Youvedoneyourbest.A.myselfB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.yourselves15 .(无锡市滨湖区2022年中考英语一模试题)7.一Lucyisalwayskindandpolitetoothers.Shehaslotsoffriends.Yes.Politenesscostsbutwinsmuch.A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything16 .(无锡市华庄中学2022年中考英语二模试卷)2Theculturethathedescri
30、besissodifferentfromthatIsometimesfindithardtounderstand.A.myB.meC.myselfD.mine17 .(无锡市华庄中学2022年中考英语二模试卷)6.willbecleanuntilitiscleaned.Nothingwillbebrightuntilitisbrightened.A.NothingB.SomethingC.EverythingD.Anything.18 .(无锡市惠山区八校2022年中考英语一模试题)28.mfeelingbluethesedays.Everyonehasoneofthosedayswhengo
31、esright.A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.something19 .(无锡市蠡园中学2022年中考英语二模试卷)11.Dokindforothers.Suchactsofkindnesscanmaketheworldbetter.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing20 .(无锡市梁溪区2022年中考英语二模试卷)5.AndrewdreamsofbecomingamusicianlikeTanDun.Hethinksthereismoreexcitingthanmakingupmusic.A. someth
32、ingB. everythingC. nothingD. anything21 .(无锡市天一实验学校2022年中考英语二模试卷)22.PeoplecanbuyCOVID-19antigentestkils(抗原检测试剂盒)instoresandonline,thentestby.A.ourselvesB.usC.themD.themselves22 .(无锡市外国语学校2022年中考英语二模试卷)2.Whatisstillworryingyousinceyou,vegotthejoboffer,workingtimeorsalary?.mconsideringhowtogotowork.Ic
33、antdrive.A.NoneB.NeitherC.NothingD.Both23 .(无锡市外国语学校2022年中考英语二模试卷)3.Thewaytoworkheisusedtoissodifferentfromthatwecan,tworkwellwitheachother.A.meB.myselfC.ID.mine24 .(无锡市锡山区锡东片2022年中考英语一模试题)11.ItsaysintheBible,tLetusnotloveinword,inIOngUe(口头);butindeed(行动)andintruth.A.noneB.eitherC.noD.neither25 .(无锡
34、市新吴区2022年中考英语二模试卷)1.Themealwasspecialjustfishwithatomatosauce.A.anythingB.nothingC.everythingD.something26 .(无锡市新吴区2022年中考英语一模试题)3.CanIjustparkhere?Lookatthesign.Youcanparkitonsideofthestreet,oryoullbefined.A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.none27 .(无锡市新吴区2022年中考英语一模试题)11.“Wemustalwaysputthepeoplefirst,forin
35、theworldismorevaluablethanpeopleslives,“saidPresidentXi,callingforstrongstepstobetakenrightnow.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything28 .(无锡宜兴市2022年中考英语二模试卷)8.Mum,Iwanttoeatanapple,butIcan,tfindinthefridge.Theresnoneathome.llbuysomethisafternoon.A.itB.oneC.thisD.that29 .(无锡宜兴市2022年中考英语二模试卷)9.Sha
36、llwegoclimbingnextweekend,Lucy?一Goodidea.Iamfree.dayisOK.A.NeitherB.NoneC.EitherD.All二、单词拼写题1 .(宿迁市2022年中考英语一模试题)Weshouldntblame(us)forwhathappened.2 .(2022泰州市姜堰区2022年中考英语一模试题)65.Noone(aughttheoldladyhowtouseDouyin.Shelearneditby(she).三、语法填空题1 .(苏州市昆山、太仓、常熟、张家港市2022年中考英语一模试题)Bookcrossing,anewwayofre
37、ading,isdeveloping,withbookloversleaving48(they)booksinpublicplaces,tobepickedupandborrowed”byothers.2 .(苏州市苏州工业园区星海实验中学2022年中考英语一模试题)Theretworich51(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtold52(he)nottoopenituntiltwooclockoftheday.3 .(宿迁市2022年中考英语-模试题)To65(we)surprise,Judyhasinfluencedhisfamily.