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1、-Grammar:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定义：定语从句(Attributive Clauses)：由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的*个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词都充当从句的*个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持
2、一致。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。一.关系代词以及基本用法关系代词指代对象作用例句That人. 物主.(宾).表语The student that answered the question was John.The book (that) you lent me was interesting.Which物主.(宾)Footba
3、ll is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. Who人主.(宾)A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.The man(who)you met just now is my friend.Whom人(宾)The man(whom)you met just now is my friend. Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. Whose人.物定He h
4、as a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.注意一：1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。模仿范例，把下列两个简单句合成带有定语从句的复合句。1. The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football. (1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。The boys(the boys are playing football) are from Class One
5、. (2) 括号中句子里的主语the boys, 和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重复的the boys. The boys 在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who, thatThe boys(whothat are playing football) are from Class One. (3) whothat=the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。2. I found the letter. The letter came yesterday. (1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。 I found The lett
6、er( the letter came yesterday). (2)用关系词替换从句中重复的the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which, thatI found The letter(whichthat came yesterday).(3)whichthat=the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。3. The man is my friend. You met the man just now (1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。The man (you met the man just now) is my fr
7、iend. (2)用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, thatThe man (whomthat you met just now) is my friend. (3)whomthat=the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。做宾语的关系词whomthat 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.4. I helped the man. The mans car was broken. (1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。 I helped the m
8、an (the mans car was broken). (2) the mans 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰 car, 用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whoseI helped the man (whose car was broken). (3) whose=the mans, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。 Whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in./ The houses ro
9、of has fallen in.I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in)/I once lived in a house (the houses roof has fallen in.)此句可改为：I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in)/(whose roof has fallen in).介词+关系代词可提前，此句还可改为I once lived in a house (of which the roof has fallen in)
10、5. This news is ing fromthe country. The country is on the other side of the world. This news is ing from the country which/that is on the other side of the world.6.The minerals were unusual. We found them in the rocks.The minerals which/that we found in the rocks were unusual.7. This rocket is bein
11、g built for the satellite. The satellite will be sent into space ne*t year.This rocket is being built for the satellite which/that will be sent into space ne*t year.8. The house is our home. Its door is green/the door of the house is green.The house whose door is green is our home./ The house the do
12、or of which is green is our home./The house of which the door is green is our home.9. I see some trees. The leaves of these trees are white. I see some trees whose leaves are white. / I see some trees the leaves of which are white./ I see some trees of which the leaves are white.练习1.The boy came to
13、see me yesterday. He is Toms brother. _2. The machines were connected with wires. The wires were very old . _3. I know the boy. You gave a book to him. _4. We had dinner with John. He told us stories about his travels . _5. Will you please lend me the very book You bought it last Sunday. _6. The stu
14、dent is our monitor. Our headmaster praised him at the school meeting. _7. He works in a middle school. There is a river in front of the school . _8. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees. _9. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields. _
15、10. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag. _11. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple._12. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table. _13.We had to circle around the city in our plane. It looked very beautifu
16、l. _14. Do you know the doctor He es here once a month and e*amines the workers._15. The foreign guest is Mr. Green.You saw him at the school gate. _16. He is the new head. I was talking about him this morning. _17. I ve received the book. Father sent it to me _18.The doctor cured me of fever. He al
17、ways worked heart and soul ._19.The e*periment failed. The scientist was working on it day and night. _20. Whats the name of the girl Her grandpa took part in the Long March. _21.The building is my uncles house. Its wall is white. _22. That house is mine. The window of the house is blue. _23.The boy
18、 was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt. _24.Is the notebook yours Its cover is green. _25. I have a pen friend. His father is a policeman. _26. We will visit the town. I have heard of its name. _27. The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his pany. _28.The lady is
19、very pleased .You found her purse . _把下列含有定语从句的句子拆分成两个简单句。1.The man who has a positive attitude will succeed.The man has a positive attitude. He will succeed. 2.The girl who is sitting in the corner is a singer.The girl is a singer. The girl is sitting in the corner.3.The boys(the boys are playing f
20、ootball) are from Class One.The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.4.The man who I saw is called Smith._5. Her parents wouldnt allow her to marry anyone whose family was poor._6.The person (whom) you wish to see has e. _7.I feel sorry for famous people who live their lives in the
21、 glare of publicity._8. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan_9.Hes not the kind of man who would go back on his words._10. They first went to a large room that looked like a shop_11. The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned(淹死)._12.People who used horses to pull heav
22、y loads would choose to keep stronger animals._13.We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves._14.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer group._15.The first interactions human had with horses were far different from those today._1
23、6.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had e._17. The train ran over and killed a girl and her dog that were just crossing the road.关系副词用法：关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语Ill never forget the days when I worked togeth
24、er with youThe time when we got together finally came.Where地点状语This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled downShanghai is the city where I was born.Why原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reaso
25、n why he looks unhappy today.关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for which（先行词一般是reason）Where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)When=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)*些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人
26、=the+物/人+of which/whom定语从句合并练习1. I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.(1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。 I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).(2)重复的词是the day, on the day在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语的词是when.I still remember the day (when I first came to the
27、 school).(3) when=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。2. The house has been pulled down.I lived in the house ten years ago. (1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。 The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has been pulled down.(2)重复的词是the house, in the house在从句中做地点状语的成分，关系词中能作地点状语的词是where.The house (where
28、 I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down. (3) where=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。3. The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason. (1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。 The reason (he refused the invitation for the reason ) is not clear.(2)重复的词是the reason, for the reason在从句中做
29、原因状语的成分，关系词中能作原因状语的词是why.The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.(3) why=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。另外关系副词when, where, why可以改为 ,介词+which, 介词取决于与先行词的搭配。例如：1.I still remember the day(when I first came to the school).= I still remember the day (on which I first came to the
30、school).2.The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.=The house (in which I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.3.The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.=The reason (for which he refused the invitation) is not clear.4. The bo* is full of bottles. He is standi
31、ng on the bo*. - The bo* on which he is standing is full of bottles.The bo* where he is standing is full of bottles.5. This is the train. We work on the train.-_9. I know the reason. She did it for the reason.-_10. The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man just now. - _11. The pen i
32、s made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen. -_12. Shanghai is the city. I was born in the city. -_13. This is the school where I studied a few years ago. -_14. Lets go to the concert, where you will find much fun. -_15. I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.-_16. Pleas
33、e tell me the reason.You are late for the reason. -_17. The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason.-_含定语从句的复合句分解成两个句子1. Dictionary is the only place where success es before work.-_2. Defeat is a school where truth always grows strong.-_3. Courage is the ladder where all the ot
34、her virtues mount.-_4.America is the country where I was born in the country.-_5. This is the reason why he is leaving now.-_6.There are thirty students in the class, most of whom are from the city. _7. He is the only person that was present at the time._8. Please just tell me anything that you know about the author of the book._9. He is no longer the sim
