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1、美国名人建筑大师路易斯康1.ouisKahn,1901-1974:HeHelpedDefineModernArchitectureplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:43repeatByDanaDemange2009-12-12VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,wetellabout1.ouisKahn.HeisconsideredoneofthemostimportantAmericanbuildingd
2、esignersofthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.ouisKahnhelpeddefinemodernarchitecture.Architectureistheartandscienceofdesigningandbuildingstructuressuchashouses,museums,andofficebuildings.Kahnsarchitecturehasseveraldefiningqualities.Forexample,Kahnwasveryinterestedinthelookandfeelofthematerialsheus
3、ed.Heusedbrickandconcreteinnewandspecialways.Kahnalsopaidcarefulattentiontotheuseofsunlight.Helikednaturallighttoenterhisbuildingsthroughinterestingkindsofwindowsandopenings.Kahnsworkcanalsobeidentifiedbyhiscreativeuseofgeometricshapes.Manyofhisbuildingsusesquares,circlesandthreesidedshapescalledtri
4、angles.1.ouisKahnVOICETWO:1.ouisKahnwasborninEstoniainnineteen-oh-one.WhenhewasfiveyearsoldhisfamilymovedtoPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.Evenasachild,1.ouisKahnshowedexcellenceasanartist.Whenhewasinschoolhispictureswonseveralcompetitionsorganizedbythecity.InhighschoolKahnstudiedarchitecturebriefly.Helat
5、erwenttotheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandstudiedarchitecturefulltime.Hegraduatedinnineteentwenty-four.1.ouisKahnsbuildingshavemanyinfluences.SomeexpertssayhistriptoRome,Italyinnineteenfifty-oneinfluencedhimthemost.KahnspentafewmonthsasanarchitectwiththeAmericanAcademyinRome.Healsotraveledthroughotherpa
6、rtsofItaly,GreeceandEgypt.There,hesawtheancientGreekandRomanruinsthatalsowouldinfluencehisworks.Hewasveryaffectedbythesizeanddesignoftheseruins.Theyhelpedinfluencehimtodevelopanarchitecturethatcombinesbothmodernandancientdesigns.OtherexpertsbelieveKahnwasalsoinfluencedbythepartofPhiladelphiawhereheg
7、rewup.Thereweremanyfactorybuildingswithlargewindows.Thesebrickstructureswereverysolid.ThisindustrialdesignisapparentinseveralofKahnsearlyworks.VOICEONE:KahnsfirstprojectsinvolvedbuildinghousinginPhiladelphia.HelaterreceivedgovernmentjobstodesignhousingduringWorldWarTwo.Innineteenforty-two,hebecameah
8、eadarchitectofthePublicBuildingAdministration.KahnsfirstimportantprojectwastheYaleArtGalleryinNewHaven,Connecticutintheearlynineteenfifties.Theoutsideofthebuildingisverysimple.Thesurfaceismadeofbrickandlimestone.StaircaseatYaleUniversityArtGalleryTheinsideofthegalleryshowsKahnsgreatartisticsense.For
9、example,hecreatedatriangle-shapedwalkwayofstepsthatsitsinsidearoundedconcreteshell.Thisbuildingwasverypopular.ItscompletionrepresentedanimportantstepinKahnsprofessionallife.Hewasnowafamousarchitect.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneofKahnsotherimportantbuildingsistheSalkInstitute,aresearchcenterin1.aJollazCaliforn
10、ia.Itwasbuiltinthenineteensixties.ThisstructurefurthershowshowKahnwasabletouniteformandfunction.Thismeanshisbuildingswerebeautifulandalsouseful.TheSalkInstitutehastwostructuresthatsurroundamarblegardenareaorcourtyard.Thisoutdoormarbleareaisalmostcompletelybare.Theonlydetailisasmallstreamofwaterrunni
11、ngthroughthemiddleofthesquaretowardsthePacificOcean.Thissimpledesignisverystriking.Insidethebuildingaremanyroomsforlaboratories.Kahnwasverycarefultomakesuretheyallreceivednaturallightandaviewoftheocean.Helinkedtheindoorandoutdoorspacesinaverybeautifulway.VOICEONE:TheKimbellArtMuseuminFortWorth,Texas
12、isanotherfamousbuildingby1.ouisKahn.Somesayitishisbest.Kahnbuiltthismuseumintheearlynineteenseventies.Thislargemuseumhaslongroomswithcurvedorvaultedceilings.Inside,allofthewallscanbemovedtobestfittheartcollection.Kahnwasabletomaketheconcretematerialofthebuildinglookbothsolidandairy.Heusedsunlightand
13、bodiesofwatertocreateatrulyspecialbuilding.KahnoncesaidthisabouttheKimbellArtMuseum:Thebuildingfeels.thatIhadnothingtodowithit.thatsomeotherhanddidit.Thearchitectseemstosaythathewashelpedbysomehigherinfluence.Manypeoplefeelthathisarchitecturehasaveryspiritualandtimelessquality.Kahnmostlycreatedpubli
14、cbuildingssuchasmuseumsandlibraries.However,healsodesignedafewhouses.HismostfamoushomeistheFisherhousenearPhiladelphia.Itismadeofseveralbox-shapedbuildings.Thehouseismadeoutofglass,woodandstone.Manywindowsprovideaviewofthenearbytrees.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Dhakagovernmentcenter1.ouisKahnalsodesignedbuildin
15、gsinothercountries,includingIndiaandBangladesh.HislargestprojectwasaseriesofbuildingsthatwouldbecomethegovernmentcenterofDhaka,Bangladesh.Thisstructureincludestheparliament,meetingrooms,offices,eatingplacesandevenareligiouscenter.Thisseriesofbuildingslookslikeanancienthomeforkings.Hugeroundedandbox-
16、likebuildingshavewindowsintheshapeofcirclesandtriangles.Thestructureissurroundedbywater.Fromadistance,itappearstofloatonalake.Kahnspentthelasttwelveyearsofhislifeontheproject.Itwascompletedinnineteeneighty-threeznineyearsafterhisdeath.BecauseofKahn,expertssay,oneofthepoorestcountriesintheworldhasone
17、ofthemostbeautifulpublicbuildingsonEarth.AllofKahnsbuildingsshareacommonsolidityandheaviness.Expertssaytheyareverydifferentfromtheworksofotherfamousarchitectsoftheperiod.Thesearchitectspreferredlightandairybuildings.Theirweightless-lookingstructuresweremostlymadeofglassandmetal.Kahnusedstoneandconcr
18、etetomakemonumentalbuildings.Manyofhisstructureslookmoreancientthanmodern.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.ouisKahnwasanartistwhocreatedbeautifulworks.Buthewasnotaverygoodbusinessman.Hewouldchangehisdesignsmanytimes.Thiswouldmakeeachprojecttakeagreatdealoftimeandcostmoremoney.Themajorityoftheprojectshedesignedwere
19、neverbuilt.Also,hedidnotliketocompromisehisdesignideastosatisfyabuyerswishes.Forthisreasonandothers,Kahndidnotmakemanybuildings.Hisdesigncompanydidnotalwayshavemanyjobsormuchmoney.Infact,whenKahndied,hewasingreatdebt.Thisisespeciallyunusualsincehewasconsideredoneofthemostimportantarchitectsintheworl
20、d.VOICETWO:Intwothousandfour,MisterKahnsson,NathanielKahn,madeafilmabouthisfatherslife.ThefilmiscalledMyArchitect.Itisinterestingformanyreasons,MyArchitectgivesahistoryofKahnslife.Thefilmpresentsthearchitectandhisbuildings.YoucanseeKahnworkingathisdeskandtalkingwithhisbuilders.Youcanalsoseehimteachi
21、nguniversitystudents.Youcantellthathehadgreatenergy.ThefilmalsoshowsagreatdealaboutKahnsprivatelife.Kahnhadawifeanddaughter.Buthealsohadtwootherfamilies.Kahnhadachildwitheachoftwootherwomenthathewasnotmarriedto.Inthefilm,NathanielKahndescribesvisitsfromhisfather.Hesaysthatasachildhedidnotunderstandw
22、hyhisfatherdidnotlivewithhimandhismotherallofthetime.NATHANIE1.KAHNINMYARCHITECT:Ididntknowmyfatherverywell.Henevermarriedmymotherandheneverlivedwithus.Ineededtoknowhim.Ineededtofindoutwhohereallywas.SoIsetoutonajourneytoseehisbuildingsandtofindwhateverwasleftofhimoutthere.VOICEONE:Manyquestionsarel
23、eftunansweredaboutKahn.Yet,thefilmhelpstellaveryinterestingstoryaboutaveryimportantman.1.ouisKahndiedinnineteenseventy-four.Yethisinfluenceliveson.WhileteachingattheUniversityofPennsylvania,hetrainedmanyfuturebuilders.Somestudentshavebecomeimportantarchitects.AndKahnsarchitecturehasremainedfreshandtimeless.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyDanaDemange.ItwasproducedbyDanaDemangeand1.awanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.
