《pros-and-cons-after-china-entering-WTO.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《pros-and-cons-after-china-entering-WTO.docx（3页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、AfterenteringWTOandsomeeconomicIntegrationorganizations,whatadvantagesanddisadvantageswillChinaconfrontwith?After15yearsofnegotiation,andmakingmaximumconcessionstoWTOmembers.ChinaeventualtygainedaccessiontotheWTOin11thDecember2001.TheChineseeconomyisnowsubjecttotherues-basedsystemoftheWTO1enhancinge
2、conomiccompetitionandcreatingamoreopenenvironmentfortradeandforeigninvestment.NowwewilltalkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesthatChinawillconfrontwithafterenteringWTO.Advantages:1. Chinasbroadmmitmentsinstreamliningsubsidies,liftingpricecontrols,providingeffectivejuridicalprocedures,makingtransparen
3、tthedecisionmakingprocess,allowinggreaterparticipationoftheprivatesectorineconomicactivities,willassistgreatlyChinastransitionfromastillheavilyregulatedeconomytoarues-basedmarketeconomy.AlltherulesandregulationoftheintegrationorganizationlikeWTOwhicharenegativetoregulatedeconomycountrywillalsourgeCh
4、inatoreformandchangetomarketeconomytogainmorebenefitthroughworldtrade.2. ChinasaccessiontotheWTOandotherintegrationorganizationmeansapplicationofclearandcrediblerulesinChinascommercialrelationshipwithotherWTOmembers,itwillmeanmoreexternaltrade,andexternaltradeofabetterquality.Therewillbesubstantialt
5、a11ffreductionsamongChinasexistingtradingpartnersandtherewillbeaccesstomoretradingpartnersforChina.ThismeansmorepredictableandstablecommercialrelationshipwithChinastradingpartners.3. Chinawillbecuttingitstariffsonabroadrangeofproducts,fromagriculturaltoindustrial.Tariffreductionsallowcomparativeadva
6、ntagegreaterplay.Thetaskwasnotalwayseasybutthroughoutthispe11odwehaveseenChina,inimplementingthetermsofitsaccessiontotheWTO.progressivelyloweritstariffs,phase-outnon-tariffmeasuresandreducerestrictionsontradeinservices.Intradeingoods.Chinassimpleaveragetariffratedroppedfrom42.9percentin1992to10.4per
7、centatthebeginningof2004.ThecuttingofIarrtfsandthecancelingofkindsofrestrictionofimportwillbringmorebothindustrialandagriculturalproductstoChinawithmuchlowerprice,throughwhichincreasethewelfareofChineseconsumers.4. IncreasedforeigncompetitionintheareasabovewillforceChineseenterprisestospeeduptheirre
8、formstomeetthechallenges.Fromalargerandlongerperspective,furthereconomicliberalizationandintegrationintotheglobaleconomywillundoubtedlybeastimulustoregulatory,institutionalandculturalchangewithinChineseenterprises.Withoutparticipatinginintegrationorganization,thespeedofreformandimprovementofChinesee
9、nterpriseswillbemuchslower.Especially,itwillhelpthedevelopmentandimprovingtheCompetivenessofChineseserviceindustry.Theboundarybetv/eenthemanufactureandserviceindustriesisbecomeincreasinglyvague,asmanufacturers,especiallyindevelopedcountries,combinemoreserviceswiththeirproducts.ChinaisnowataCritiCalp
10、haseamjeconomicglobalization,agreatopportunitytodevelopitsownserviceindustryandtransferservicesandproductsfromhighquantitytohighvalue.5. MoreforeigncompaniesstreamingintoChina,whichnotonlyhelpingsimulateChineseeconomyandtechnology,butalsoprovidingahugesumofjobopportunities,which,inasense,willrelease
11、theunemploymentproblemofChina.AndalsoconnectingtotheWOridwillbringChinamoreinternationaltalents,theyincludestudentsstudyoverseaandforeignprofessorswhoarejustneededintodaysChina.6. ItimprovestheoverallenvironmentinwhichChinaseconomyoperatesandInwhichChinasforeigntradeisconducted.Someanalystsexpectcer
12、tainsector-specificbenefits,e.g.,possibleincreaseoftextilesandapparelexportsduetotheapplicationofquotaeliminationandincreasedquotagrowthforChinabyrestrainingcountries;apossiblerushofforeigninvestmentsintoChina,thusboostingemploymentandeconomicgrowth.7. HongKong.Macao,MainlandChinaandTaiwanhaveentere
13、dWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)oneafteranotherinaccordancewiththeWTOprovisionsonmembership.Asituationofonecountry,fourseatsinWTOhasemerged.Therelationsamongthe-fourseatsinonecountryarenotonlycharacterizedbyequalmembershipwithinWTO.butalsobydifferentcustomsregionswithinasovereignState.Itisarguedthatthe,
14、onecountry.fourseats”situationreflectsthelatestdevelopmentofinternationallaw,enhancestheawarenessofthe,0neChina,PrinapleininternationalCommunrty.andprovidesnewopportunitiesforMainlandChina,HongKong.MacaoandTaiwantoestablishclosereconomicandtraderelationsamongthemselves.Thegeneralview,nevertheless,is
15、thatWTOentrywillmeangrowth,integrationandglobalizationforthemainlandseconomy.Disadvantages:Ofcourse,injoiningtheWTO,Chinawillbothenjoyitsduerightsandundertakecorrespondingduties,thiswillunavoidablybringcertainpressureandchallengetous.1. Furtheropeningthemarketwillcausesomedomesticproducts,enterprise
16、sandindustriestofacemoreintensecompetition.AfteritsprojectedentryintotheWTO.ChinamustobserveWTOstipulationsonopeningthemarket,thiswillformcertainpressureonthespeedandstepsofouropeningthemarket.Alongwiththeexpansioninmarketaccess,thereductionoftariffsandtheabolitionof11on-tariffmeasures,moreforeignpr
17、oducts,servicesandinvestmentswillpossiblyenterChinesemarkets,domesticenterpriseswillfacefiercercompetition.2. Chinasforeigneconomicandtrademanagementwill,toacertainextent,besubjecttotherestrictionofWTOrules.Chinascurrentforeign-relatedeconomiclaws,regulationsandpoliciesstilldonotcompletelynformwitht
18、hestipulationsofWTOregulations,althoughthisisalsoanimportanttaskinChinasefforttodeepenitseconomicandtrademanagement,therestillexistmanyareasofnceptualandinstitutionalinadaptability.Thereisstillabigdisparityintheworkingmethodsofgovernmentofficesandmanagerialpersonnel.3. Theadjudicationonthesolutionof
19、multilateraldisputesmaypossiblyproduceresultsunfavorabletous.ChinalacksexperiencesindealingwiththemultilateraldisputesandahvaysfailstoprotectitslegitimaterightsandinterestsbyusingtheregulationsandlawsofWTOproperty.Forexample,Chinahassufferedfrombeingwronglyaccusedofdumpingitsproductstoothercountries
20、byIheantidumpingorganizations,resultinginalargelosstotheexportenterprisesinChina.4. AfterenteringWTO.theturmoiloftheworldeconomyandmarketwillexertsamoredirectanddeeperimpactonChina,makingitmoredifficultforChinatoregulateandcontrolthemacroeconomicsandtopreventthefinancialrisks.BeingamemberofWTO,Chine
21、seenomicwillbepartoftheworldenomicsandbemoredependentoftheforeigntrade.Meanwhile,theChinesefixedassertinvestmentwillbemoredependentofIheinternationalassertmarket.Especiallytheserviceindustrywillbeinfluencedtoadeeperdegree.Themonopolystatuswillbebrokenupandthemarketwillbeseparatedandmanyserviceenterp
22、riseswillcollapseinthisprocess.Therefore,theshockintheinternationalcommoditymarketandtheinternationalassertmarketwillinfluencetheChineseeconomicstoalargerdegree.5. ChinamakesapromisethatitwillcarryoutamoresubstantialreductionofthetariafterenteringtheWTO.whichmakestheimportincreaserapidly.In2005,thea
23、veragetariffofindustrialproductsdecreasedto9.4%whilethatoffarmproducefellto17%.ThequotaonimportproductsandIhelicensesystemwillbecancelledinthefuture.WithmoreforeignproductsenteringintotheChinesemarket,someindustrialsectorsmaybeshocked,especiallythemonopolyindustriesthathavebeenprotectedbythegovernme
24、ntandlackofcompetitiveness.Someserviceenterprisesmayevenfacetheriskofbankruptcy.Forexample,asignificantincreasentheimportsoffarmproducewillhavenegativeimpactonChina,alargeagriculturecountrywhoseagriculturehasnotmodernized.Whafsmore,therapidgrowthofimportswillleadtoatradedeficitthatimpactsthebalanceo
25、fourpayments.6. EnteringWTOwillalsoexertacomplicatedinfluenceontheemploymentinChinatherebypittingaburdenonourcountrywhichisabundantofIaborforce.Intheemploymentstructureaspect,theagricultureandthesecondaryindustrywillemploymuchlesspeoplewhitetheserviceindustrywillneedmore.However,inthelongrun,theempl
26、oymentwilldecrease.ItremainsabigproblemthatatleastIOmiIlionlaborforceintheagricultureindustryaresupposedtochangeintotheserviceindustry.7. Thestate-ownedenterpriseswillfacestiffchallenge.Owingtothehistoricalandinstitutionalreasons.Chinahasnotestablishedthemodernenterprisesystem.Comparedwiththemultina
27、tionalcompanies,mostofourstate-ownedenterprisesarelesscompetitiveintheareasofeconomicofscales,developmentoftechniquesandmodernmanagement.Thosestate-ownedenterprisesthatlackfunding,technologicalinnovation,scientificmanagementandeconomicsofscaleareboundtocollapse.Asaresult,thestate-ownedenterprisesarehardtosurviveInthefierceinternationalcompetition.Inaconclusion,enteringWTOisatwo-edgedswordtoChina.ChinashouldtaketheinitiativetoworkoutcountermeasurestomeetthechallengesandtakeadvantageoftheOppoHunitiesintheWTO.
