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1、Welcome to our class,Holly Joe,IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet,音标,音素和国际音标 1什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类：元音和辅音。3音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅 音音 素28个。4什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标，用来 记录世界各主要语言的语音。,元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不
2、振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。,国际音标,元音,分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。,单元音,双元音,前元音,中元音,后元音,/i:/,/,/e/,/,/:/,/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,辅音,爆破音,磨檫音,鼻音,半元音,舌边音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/m/,/n/,/,/l/,/w/,/j/,Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元
3、音）,前元音：/i:/,/,/e/,/,/i:/,例词：he sea tree field短语：green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句：A:Would you like coffee or tea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.I have tea,too.,/-/i/,例词：pin ship hill chicks短语：a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句：A:Is Lily in?B:Lily is ill in bed.C:Oh,Im sorry
4、.,/e/-/,例词：pen head leg well短语：ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句：A:How did you spend your holiday?B:I went to Beijing.A:Was it expensive?B:Yes,very.,/,例词：apple lantern hand parachute短语：black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of fact例句：A:Ann is traveling to Japan.B:How happy s
5、he is!A:She is very happy.,Vowels（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）,中元音：/:/,/,/,/:/-/:/,例词：girl bird work turn短语：early bird superb work thirsty person perfect search例句：A:He always arrives work early.B:But he wasnt early this morning.A:You werent early either.,/,例词：teacher picture breakfast welcome短语：a glass of w
6、ater a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句：A:look at the clock！B:whats the time?A:its a quarter to seven,/,例词：cup run jump flood短语：hurry up!trust us!rubbish dump mustnt worry例句：A:Its sunny today.B:Yes,isnt it.A:My uncle will go to London next Monday.B:How lucky he is!,Vowels（元
7、音）-pure vowels（单元音）,后元音：/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,/u:/,例词：zoo who food blue短语：a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句：A:Look at my new shoes?B:Oh,they are beautiful.A:Your boots are beautiful,too.,/-/v/,例词：foot wood book push短语：good cook good book couldnt look pudding without sugar例句：A:Where
8、 did you put the book?B:Which book?A:The book you bought yesterday.,/:/,例词：fork ball morning airport短语：four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句：A:I see two children on the blackboard.B:He is short.A:She is shorter.,/-/,例词：cock shop job hospital短语：hot coffee long job on the box drop the
9、 pot例句：A:I have a bad cough.B:You must see a doctor.A:Yes,I must go to the hospital.,/:/,例词：car garden star guitar短语：fast car half mast heart transplant stars and bars例句：A:You look very smart today.B:Thank you.C:What a marvelous dancer you are.Let me take a photograph of you.,Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双
10、元音）,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,/e/-/ei/,例词：face rain cake wait短语：eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句：A:Its my birthday today.B:Happy birthdayA:Thank you.Come to my birthday party.And dont be late.,/a/-/ai/,例词：sky kite write bicycle短语:white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例
11、句：A:Its a fine day today.The sun is shining brightly.B:Yes,I feel hot.I like an ice-cream now.A:Yes,I do,too.,/-/i/,例词：boy boil noise coin短语：a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyces boyfriend例句：A:Look at my toy gun.B:Oh,what a good toy!A:Shall we join our friends in the garden?B:Yes,lets go
12、.,/-/v/,例词：coast throw boat toe短语：Joes coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball例句：A:Look!He has a boat.B:Is he going to row?A:I think so.,/a/-/av/,例词：cow house mouth trousers短语：shout out brown mouse down town round lounge例句：A:Is she milking the cow?B:Yes,she is.A:Is the cow in he house
13、?B:No.She is on the dairy farm.,/-/i/,例词：ear queer zero beard短语：the atmosphere here queer skier weary mountaineer experienced engineer例句：A:Lets have some beer here.B:What a good idea!A:What shall we do after having beer?B:We shall go to the theatre.,/e/-/,例词：hair bare pear chair短语：millionaires heir
14、mayors parentssquare chairs careful librarian例句：A:Where is my pen?B:Its over there on the chair.A:Thank you.Its really there.,/-/v/,例词：tour poor jury gourd短语：poor tourists tour from China furious jury European gourd例句：A:I received a letter from my uncle.Hes sick with influenza.B:Im sorry.Is he still
15、 in Europe.A:Yes.Hes still working in London.B:He must speak fluent English.,辅音,发音位置相同清辅音：发音时声带不震动浊辅音：发音时声带震动清辅音 p t k f 浊辅音b d g v 清辅音 s t ts tr浊辅音z 3 d 3 dz dr,Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/p/,例词：pig pot pond plan短语：pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句：
16、A:Do you collect stamps?B:Yes,I do.A:Will you show me your stamp album?B:Yes,they are upstairs.Let me go and fetch them.,/b/,例词：bus bed bench brush短语：Big Ben a big bottle beautiful blouses blue butterflies例句：A:Is this your handbag?B:No,it isnt my handbag is not brown.A:What color is you handbag?B:It
17、s black.,/t/,例词：tie taxi tap telephone短语：tit for tat tip of the tongue flat foot tale-teller例句：A:Im hungry.I want something to eat.B:What about some steak?Lets go to the restaurant!A:Yes,lets go.,/d/,例词：door doctor head wind短语：darling daughter dark red played cards listened to the radio例句：A:What did
18、 you do last night？B:I studied last night.A:Did you study all night?B:No,I didnt.I listened to the radio for some time.,/k/,例词：car duck clock park短语：the back of the car ask question a quarter to six cool as cucumber例句：A:I like chocolate cakes.B:You do?Do you often have chocolate cakes?A:Yes,I do.B:I
19、f you want to keep fit,dont eat too many chocolate cakes.,/g/,例词：bag dog goat grape短语：good girl go to the grocers as good as gold get angry例句：A:Can you play the guitar?B:Yes,I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night.A:You must have had a good time last nigh
20、t.,Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）,/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/,/,/f/,例词：laugh fat fish family短语：fresh fruit fast food soft sofa feel fine例句：A:Look at Freda!She is fashionable.B:Her hat is funny.A:Look at her fur coat.Its fabulous.,/v/,例词:vet village volcano television短语：lovely view village vet leaving
21、arriving leaves of the vine例句：A:Whos driving the van?B:I think victor is.A:Who is victor?B:He is my new neighbor,he has lived here for only a few months.,/,例词：tooth month thin thirsty短语：three thousand Marthas birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians例句：A:My father is a mathematician.B:No wonder
22、you are good at mathematics.A:To tell you the truth,my father never teaches me math.,/,例词：father breathe that feather短语：smooth leather get together better than others another brother例句：A:Lily is taller than Mary.B:But Mary is slimmer than Lily.A:Look at them.Theyre doing physical exercise together.,
23、/s/,例词：sun small horse bicycle短语：sleep soundly expensive cigarettes some books sit in the sun例句：A:These are cups.B:Those are saucers.A:Theyre nice cups and saucers.,/z/,例词：zebra【zebr zoo prize bees nose短语：jazz music close the windows these days zero animal例句：A:Lets go to the zoo.B:Good.I like lookin
24、g at the zebras.C:I like the monkeys there.Lets go.,/,例词：delicious dilis】fish,sugar,shoe,shop,sure,show,Asia短语：fashion shops friendship association British shoes washing machine例句：A:This shop sells washing-machines.B:Do they sell air-conditioners,too.A:Sure.,/,例词：television teli,vin garage treasure
25、pleasure measure 短语：an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure例句：A:Lily likes clothes for casual wear.B:Clothes for casual wear are comfortable,A:I like to wear them in my leisure time.,读单词,massage msusually juulivision vnillusion lun,/,例词：picture pktr kitchen kt()n cheek,chi
26、cken,nature,church,catch,watch 短语：Chinese chess which butcher chicken and chips change much例句：A:Where are the two children?B:Theyre having lunch.A:Here are some cherries for them.B:Thank you very much.,/,例词：giraffe drf jeep jug orange bridge 短语：a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orang
27、e juice 例句：A:I have an orange.B:Oh,your orange is large.Look!Ive got a large sandwich.A:Yes,it is a very large one.,Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）,/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,students coats cats boats,/dz/,heads reads beds hands,/tr/,tree truck train trace,/dr/,dress drink drain dream,名词复数的读音规则,名词复数读音练
28、习,friend friends 浊辅音后读作z cat cats 清辅音后读作ssport sports 清辅音后读作sfox foxes 以s.x.ch.sh结尾读作izflash flashes 以s.x.ch.sh结尾读作izcandy candies 以辅音+y结尾-ies读作izphoto photos 元音后读作zknife knives 浊辅音后读作z,辅音,清辅音 h浊辅音mnlrwj 鼻音 半元音,/h/,例词：hat ht hand,handbag,hair,whole 短语：heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy hon
29、eymoon 例句：A:There was a car accident here last Sunday.B:Oh,its horrible!A:Were you here when the accident happened?B:No,I only heard about it.,读单词,helmet helmitwho hu:hunter hntbehind bhndhouse has,/r/,例词：rabbit rbt run,river,parrot,strawberry,write 短语：American waitress a married secretary grown up
30、children French restaurant例句：A:Rose works as a secretary at the railway station.B:She does?She is a very pretty girl.A:Yes,very.,读单词,ride raidred redrat rtrun rn,Consonants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音）,/m/,/n/,/,/m/,例词：milk milkmeet,summer,swimmer,comb,climb,autumn短语：man-made make a mistake come tomorrow middle n
31、ame例句：A:Mum has come back home.B:Marvelous.A:Mom says well go and see a movie tonight.B:Yes,we certainly will.,读单词,murmur m:mscream skri:mice cream ais kri:m,/n/,例词：neck nek number,funny,dinner,knife,knee,know短语：neat brandy a negative answer telephone number harden the neck例词：A:What a nice postcard
32、of the Grand Canyon!B:They are wonderful.A:Who sent it to you?B:A friend of mine.,never nevnew nju:neighbour neib,/,例词：drink drikmonkey,pink,bank,king,song,thing,spring 短语：ring-ding rising diphthong strong string playing ping-pang例句：A:Do you like drinking tea?B:Yes,I do.A:We are advised to drink mor
33、e tea than coffee.B:Tea is good for health.,读单词,bring brispring spricharming ta:mithank kthing i,Consonants（辅音）-lateral（舌侧音）,/l/,例词：lock lkblack,lion,lamb,sleep,lawyer,bell,ballon短语 early for lunch leg of lamb a glass of lemonade yellow jelly例句：A:Mum,is lunch ready?Im hungry.B:OK,lunch is ready.A:Wh
34、ats for lunch,Mum?B:Well have lamb and potato salad.,/l/,读单词,sale seilballoon blu:nlady ledilove lv,Consonants（辅音）-semi-vowels（半元音）,/j/,/w/,/j/,例词：year【ji yellow,yesterday,yard,young,yoghurt,yell yolk 短语：yolk yellow new years day new York university a tough onion例句：A:My brother was a music student.B
35、:What does he do now?A:He is now in Europe working as a business man.,读单词,YO-YO ju juYolk juklawyer【l:j】,/w/,例词：wash wweek,water,swim,worker,wheel,wheat,white 短语：weight watcher weave a web weeping willow wet wind例句：A:Dont look out of the window.B:Oh,Im sorry,Im thinking of my dog.Today is a wet day.A:Do you think your dog will be lost in the woods on a wet day?,读单词,sweat swetwin win window wnd,Homework,Thank You,Holly Joe,
