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1、第三章,书信文件的英译,第一节,书信是应用文主要考试题型,包括自荐信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、介绍信、说明书、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信等。书信写作格式非常重要，格式不正确往往是很多考生失分的主要原因。,什么样的英文书信能让收信人准确地理解写信人的意图，而又得体的传达情感呢？一、清楚（Clarity）。书信的内容一定要写得清楚、准确，让人读后能明确理解写信人的目的、意图。二、简洁（Conciseness）。在人们的工作、生活中，大家都很容易接受简洁、通顺的语言，而繁杂冗长的语言只会令人生厌。所以写书信时应该避繁就简，用简短的段落、简短的句子来构成一篇简短易懂的书信。三、礼貌（Courtesy）。书
2、信应写得得体、有礼貌，同时要朴实，不要使人感到做作、虚伪。,书信是传递信息、交流情感常用的方式之一。,Wu DefaDepartment of Geological ScienceTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan,030024Shanxi,China,寄件人姓名地址,Dr.Valip,收件人姓名,Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan,030024,收件人地址,信封的写法,英文书信通常包括下面几个组成部分 信头(Heading)信内地址(Inside Address)称呼(Salutation)正文(Body
3、)结束语(Complimentary Close)签名(Signature)附件(Enclosure)副本转送(Carbon Copies)再启(Postscript)等。,英文书信的组成部分,信头先写寄信人的地址，然后写其他项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市、省、国家名；最后一行写发信日期。,信头,并列式,斜列式,Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan,Shanxi,030024,Peoples Republic of ChinaMay.12,2014,79 Yingze Street Taiyuan,Shanxi Pe
4、oples Republic of China 12 May.,2014,并列式,斜列式,信内地址,信内地址即收信人的姓名和地址 它要写在信纸的左上角.低于写信人地址和发信日期一两行写。顺序:先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行.再写地址，可占二至四行。,Mr.William Wood81 Fifth StreetWashington D.C.10038U.S.A.,Mr.William Wood 81 Fifth Street Washington D.C.10038 U.S.A.,并列式,斜列式,No.35 Middle School,79 Yingze StreetTaiyuan,0
5、30024,信内地址收信人地址,Dear Mrs.Yang,I am a student from Taiyuan University,正文每段开头右缩进约五个字母,Sincerely yours,Yang Tao,结束语及签名正文下一、二行处,Encl:Personal Resume,信头寄信人的地址和日期,Junior Class 1Dept.of EducationTaiyuan University79 Yingze StreetTaiyuan,030024May.12,2014,称呼,模板样式,不认识的人：Dear Sir/Madam认识但不熟悉的人：Dear Mr./Mrs./M
6、s./Dr.朋友：Dear Mike,称呼,写给机关、团体或不认识的人：Yours truly,Truly yours,Yours faithfully,Yours sincerely写给长者或上级：Yours respectfully,Respectfully yours,Yours obediently 朋友或亲戚：Yours,Ever yours,Yours ever,Yours affectionately,Lovingly yours,(Much)Love,With Love,Your devoted friend,结束语,信件常用称呼和落款用法,附件信件若有附件，应在左下角注明En
7、cl.或Enc.。若多个附件，则应写Encls.副本转送信件若有副本转送，应在左下角注明CC.再启再启部分用来补充正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的文件中更应避免使用。如果有可用P.S.补叙,英文书信的书写7C原则：Completeness（完整）Clarity（清楚）Concreteness（具体）Conciseness（简明）Correctness（正确）Courtesy（谦恭）Consideration（谅解）,书信正文,1.完整 一封完整的书信，有助于建立和表达友善关系，可以避免由于疏漏所导致的诉讼；一封书信写得是否完整，建议用5个W来检验。（1）什么 What（2）何时When（
8、3）何地Where（4）何人Who（5）怎样How（6）为什么Why,2.清楚 清楚是指写信者必须将所需传递的信息表达清楚。,3.具体 书信中的具体原则指信要写得具体明确。,4.简洁 书信应行文流畅、言简意赅，避免冗长。,7.谅解 写信时要处处从对方的角度考虑有什么需求，而不是从自身出发，语气上更尊重对方。,5.正确 英文书信中，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，所引用的材料、数据等也应准确无误。,6.谦恭 语言要有礼且谦逊，及时回信也是礼貌的表现。,邀请信是邀请某人进午餐、晚餐，参加宴会、茶话会、舞会，观看戏剧、电影及邀请参加学术活动、出席仪式、典礼等社交活动的信函。根据社交活动的性质、场合不
9、同，通常运用不同的邀请方式。（其中一种就是请柬）,特殊信函一：邀请信,范例 邀请看电影 Dear Jane,We have four tickets for a famous film shown at Guangming Cinema,The Longest Day,Friday,the ninth.Will you and Lin Ming join us?Well be looking for you at eight sharp Friday night in front of the cinema,so dont disappoint us!Warmest regards.Alice
10、 当收到邀请信后，应该回信明确表示是否接受邀请，以便别人好安排活动，并应对别人的邀请表示感谢。,答谢,另一种常见的邀请信是邀请参加会议、学术活动、典礼、仪式等。邀请参加学术会议的信一般由会议组委会某一负责人来写。也应写得热情有礼，并对被邀请者得威望和学术水平等表示推崇和赞誉。应写明会议得名称、时间、地点寄有关事宜，以便对方考虑好后再作决定。,Dear Alice,I think youd better ask some other couple for Friday.My husband is in Shanghai and wont be back for another week.Wait
11、 till he hears what a wonderful evening he missed with you and Frank!Thanks for asking us,Alice,Im certainly sorry we cant say“yes”!Yours Jane,特殊信函二：感谢信,感谢信是用来对馈赠礼物者或曾经得到某人得关怀、照顾表示感谢。对他人得慰问信、祝贺信也要表示感谢。在西方国家，当你在朋友或亲友处小住一段时间，离开后，也应该给对方写一封短信表示感谢。感谢信应写得真挚，表达感激之情，不能给人一种草率得印象，由于感谢得对象、原因不同，感谢得内容不同，用语也不一样，应
12、作出适当得选择。,范例 感谢他人给予礼物,Dear Sandy,When you left a package for me yesterday,I had difficulty waiting until my birthday to open it.I dont know how to thank you for such an affective present.It is something that will give me pleasure for a long time to come.Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes
13、.Cordially,Susan,在西方得社交生活中，当得知朋友订婚、结婚、生孩子、毕业、升职时，都要写信表示祝贺，如若知道朋友过生日，也要写上一封短笺表示祝贺。（其中一种形式就是贺卡）,特殊信函三：祝贺信,范例 贺卡,My dear Carter,Congratulations on your recent marriage.I wish you and your bride the best of luck,and ever-increasing happiness as the years go by.Sincerely yours,Peter 结 婚,Dear Martin,I kno
14、w how happy you and Jane must be at the news of your promotion.Youve worked hard,and the new title is well deserved.My best wishes to you.Cordially,Bob 升 职,特殊信函四：慰问信,当友人生病、受伤或者遇到了不幸或不顺心的事时，特别需要别人的安慰贺鼓励。因此，写慰问信是为了表达友谊、同情和鼓励。应写得真诚和关切，使对方受到安慰和鼓舞。千万不要提到病人疾病得细节，及挫折得具体事实。,Dear Joe,I was sorry to learn tha
15、t you had not been successful in the examination.Although Im sending you my sympathy I fell you ought not to be unduly distressed at the result.You are still eligible to sit again for the examination and I am confident that this time next year,I shall be sending a letter,not sympathy,but of congratu
16、lation.My kindest regards and best wishes.Sincerely yours,Suzan,范例 考试没通过,特殊信函五：道歉信,自己因失误或疏忽而做错了事，给他人带来了麻烦或损失，应立即写信向对方道歉。这种信应写明原因，务必坦诚。,Dear Mr.May,Kindly excuse me for my being absent yesterday morning.I was suddenly taken ill,and had to stay at home.Yours truly,Sandy,特殊信函六：投诉信,当顾客对服务不满意，或者对所购买的产品不满
17、意时，都由投诉得权利。写投诉信时应说明投诉的事实，且要证据充分；明确提出自己的要求。但也不能太蛮横无理。,Feb.20th Dear Manager,Last Monday,I bought a book titled“Love Story”in your bookstore.As I was in a hurry,I didnt read it carefully then.When I got home,I found some pages of the book were left.I cant read it smoothly.I shall ask you why it happen
18、s,and whether it is possible for you to change another copy for me or for me to get my money back.Truly yours Tommy,特殊信函七：求职信,开头段：说明信息来源，并说明写作意图。主体段：介绍相关工作经历、学习经历及个人本性，以表明你可以胜任这个职位。结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。,Dear Sir or Madam,I wish to apply for the position for _ that you advertised in _.I am a student
19、 _,and I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job,_.I have a fair mastery of _.As for experience,_.Therefore,I am confident that _.Incidentally,could you please inform me of _?I hope _.I can be reached at _.Thank you for considering my application agai
20、n.I am looking forward to your reply and eventually,meeting you.,范例,特殊信函八：询问信,开头段：说明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是寻求什么样的信息或帮助。主体段：询问具体问题，强调所需信息的重要性。结尾段：表达获取信息的强烈期盼，提供联系方法以供收信人与你联系。并对有关人员表示感谢。,Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing in the hope that_.I am a student majoring for _,who_.I am longing to join a club or community because _.Furthermore,_.In my spare time,_.Specifically,I would like to _.If possible,I would like to _.I would be much obliged to you if _.And I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.,范例,Thanks for your watching,
