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1、翻译,46.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。【词汇理解】jump to the rescue(赶来拯救)，shaky(站不住脚的)，to the effect that(其大意是);eat up(吃光)，fail to(没有)。【结构理解】that引导的是个同位语从句，if引导的是个条件状语从句。,【参考译文】科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据
2、迅速来拯救（鸟类），其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。,47.But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of ecnomic advantage to us。【词汇理解】draw near(靠近，接近于)，intrinsic固有的，内在的，presence or absence of(有还是没有),【参考译
3、文】但我们至少几乎也承认这样一点：不管鸟类是否给我们带来经济上的好处，但鸟类作为生物其固有的权利应该继续存在。,48.Time was when biologists somewhat over-worked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on worthless species。【词汇理解】Time was when(曾几何时)，overworked(过度使用，滥用)，game(猎物)，pre
4、y on(捕杀)。,【结构分析】that引导的是个同位语从句，or这个并列连词，连接的是个并列的同位语从句。【参考译文】曾几何时，生物学家们有点过度使用这个证据，即这些物种通过杀死体质弱者来保持猎物的正常繁衍或者这些生物捕杀的仅仅是毫无价值的物种。,49.In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community,to be preserved as such,with
5、in reason。【词汇理解】foestry林业;ecologically(从生态上来说)，advanced(先进的，发达的)，be recognized as(看作是)，native forest community(原始森林群落)，as such(类似地，这样地)within reason(合理范围内)。【结构分析】where引导的是个定语从句。,【参考译文】在欧洲，林业在生态方面更加发达，无商业价值的树种被看作是原生森林群落的一部分，并得到合理的保护。,50.It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many element
6、s in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning。【词汇理解】it指代前面出现the system of conservation，tend to(倾向于，易于)，land community(土地共同体)，lack(缺乏)，commercial value(商业价值)，第二个that是个代词，指代前面的出现的many elements。,【结构分析】and是个并列连词，连接的是to do sth这样的动词不定式，但其后省略了与前面相同的动词t
7、ends，第一个that是个定语从句，修饰前面的名词community，but引导的是个表示转折的连词。【参考译文】这一系统易于忽视，因而最终会消除掉这个土地共同体里的许多要素(成员)，虽然这些要素(成员)缺乏商业价值，但这些要素(成员)对这个共同体的健康运行来说是必要的。,2005年：,(47)In Europe,as elsewhere，multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television,radio newspapers,magazines and publi
8、shing houses that work in relation to one another.难点:television,radio newspapers,magazines and publishing houses 是并列关系,要翻成“电视台,电台,报社,杂志社和出版社”,因为最后一个词是出版社,其他的几个虽然是媒体,但是和后面的出版社为并列关系,所以必须翻译成机构。,全句译文:在欧洲,就像其它地方一样,各传媒集团越来越成功,整合了电视台,电台,报社,杂志社和出版社,并使之相互合作。,全句译文:在欧洲,就像其它地方一样,各传媒集团越来越成功,整合了电视台,电台,报社,杂志社和出版社,
9、并使之相互合作。,(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.难点:翻译的三字诀是，长句要“拆”,省略上文避免重复的内容要“添”,前后用词重复意思累赘要“减”。重点:本句用“减”字诀。,翻译:仅仅这一切就足以
10、证实,电视行业绝非容易生存的地方,统计数据表明,欧洲80个电视网络中,在1989年有不少于50%遭受了亏损。,(49)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.评析
11、:这句话最难处理的就是两个词:that和which难点:长从句必拆,短从句直接放在所修饰的名词前面。长短的尺度自己把握,关键是通顺。,重点:1.the different cultures and traditions 在两个从句中都作句子成份,但是其作用不同,在that从句中是宾语,在which从句中是主语,所以必须拆分到全句的开头,而促使creating这个主语和后面的is紧密结合成为主句。2.定语从句很长，如何断句呢?从which开始之后,句子肯定有谓语动词,那么请记住,从句在第二个谓语之后结束,比如,这句话which的谓语是go,此后第二个谓语是is,则is是主句动词,is之前就是主句
12、的从句了。,(49)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.翻译:不同的文化和传统将要建立起连接旧大陆的架构，创造尊重这些文化和传统的欧洲身份绝非易事，需要战略上
13、的决策，也就是在欧洲为了欧洲区制作节目。,(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say“United we stand,divided we fall”and if I had to choose a slogan it would be“Unity in our diversity.”on such a scale：这样规模的评析：此句结构不难，难在成语的翻译。难点：成语翻译要照顾中文习惯，一般以四字为多。,重点：形式主语直接忽略，翻译真实主语。翻译：在这一层面上去应付挑战，说“团结则
14、生，分裂则死”是毫不夸张的，而如果我必须选择一句标语，那将是“求同存异”。,2006年46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.评析:本句最大的特色是谓语和宾语之间存在插入的介词短语成份，也就是在elected 之后用了一个非常常考的as，不解决这一层，这个句子会非常不好理解，下一句的考点也与本句类似。难点:as
15、一直管制到in life,而the activityof thinking 是真实的宾语。翻译:我将把他定义为这样的人，他把以苏格拉底的方式去思考道德问题作为人生首要的责任和乐趣。,(47)His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.评析:这句的长定语从句不是很难理解,但是reveali
16、ng的宾语和46句一样，都会使人难以识别，如果知道介词的宾语是manner，此句问题就不大了。,难点:in.manner是“以的方式”的意思，一般放在动词的前面去翻译，状语要位于动词之前。重点:理清修饰reveal的结构，使得整句比较清晰。翻译:他的功能和法官相似，必须接受以尽可能清晰的方式去说明使自己得出结论的推导过程的义务。如果觉得这个定语太长，也可以这样翻译：他的功能和法官的功能很相似，他们都必须接受一种义务，以尽可能清晰的方式去说明自己得出结论的推导过程。,48)I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may cont
17、ribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.评析：while后面这句话要翻得清晰,he后面这句话是一个否定强调结构,如果没处理好很难通顺。难点：contribute to the solution of moral problems主要是修饰solution。否定强调结构:not.any but，but也可以等于only。重点：理解强调结构的目的在于衬托后文的f
18、actual aspescts。,翻译：我将一般科学家排除在外是因为，虽然他的成就也许有助于道德问题的解决，但是他从未有义务去研究那些问题事实层面以外的任何东西。,49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.评析：本句的考点还是否定结构，
19、不过这次不是强调，而是否定类比结构。难点：否定类比：not.any more than重点：后半句还要注意不要把is expected to dedicate his energies翻成欧式中文。,翻译：尽管道德法则对他的研究行为起到规范的作用，但是他的主要任务不是去思考道德法则，就像商人无需殚精竭虑地去探索商业行为守则一样。,(50)They may teach very well,and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make littleorno independent reflections on human probl
20、ems which involve moral judgment.评析：but后面的修饰关系围绕一个词：reflection，那么必须注意句子是否翻得通顺。难点：reflection是“思考”的意思，很容易错翻为“反映”。重点：修饰关系的顺序必须先翻后面，再翻前面。,翻译：他们也许教得很好，也不仅仅是为了挣钱，但是他们中的大多数，很少或从未就涉及道德判断的人类问题作出独立思考。,2007年：,(1)Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyer
21、s,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.评析：从全句角度去把握意思，而非拘泥于某一个词，这是做翻译不容易达到的境界。本句中的institutions和preserve比较难翻。,难点：词义的处理和上下文语境的统一。重点：rather than 表达取舍关系。翻译：传统上来说，法学知识一直被认为是律师们的专利，而非受过教育的人们必备的知识装备。,(2)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in
22、 a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.评析：这句话的关键在于对which作用的理解，其实是联系了前后的links，并作出比较。难点：从句很长，要把修饰关系理清楚，links同时也是forge的宾语。重点：从句以及cover，forge的翻译。,翻译：另一方面，法律以某种方式将这些概念(公正、民主和自由)同日常生活中的现实联系起来，这与记者们每天报道和评论新闻事件时建立的联系相类似。,(3)But the i
23、dea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.评析：表示因果关系的动词在考研考试中经常重复,有lie/rest/depend with/upon等，一般翻成“取决于”，“依赖于”。难点：established 是“根深蒂固”的意思。重点：长修饰语的顺序，这点始终
24、是重点。idea这个同位语从句的处理。同位语从句一般在that后面有完整的主谓宾结构，定语从句则缺乏主语或者宾语。,翻译：但是认为记者必须比普通公民更深谙法律的观点，主要来自于对新闻媒体久已有之的传统和特殊责任的理解。,(4)In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.评析：这句话最典型的就是它的形
25、式主语，一般直接翻译真实主语，形式主语忽略不计。难点：grasp是理解的意思，stories虽然简单，一般要翻成“事件”，job翻成“报道”，因为说得是记者的工作。全句的结构要流畅。重点：长修饰语顺序的控制和符合中文的表达习惯。,翻译：事实上，很难看到对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏了解的记者能对政治事件作出具有竞争力的报道。（能胜任报道政治事件的工作）,(5)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.评析：和上句一样，形式主语以及小词的处理是最不好做的。难点：notions of significance 是“是非观，价值观”的意思，很难翻译准确。重点：preferable，enhance的翻译要符合汉语习惯。,翻译：虽然来自律师的评论和反应能使事件的报道增色不少，记者们依赖自己的是非观念去作出自己的判断则更为可取。Significancepreferable，enhance,
