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1、New Words&Expressions:computerlike a.计算机似的electromechanical a.机电的,电机的 vacuum tubes 真空管Census Bureau 人口普查局 thousands of 成千上万的 known as 通常所说的,以著称,1.1 The Invention of the Computer,Abbreviations:ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)电子数字积分计算机,ENIAC计算机 EDSAC(Electronic Delay Storage Automat
2、ic Computer)延迟存储电子自动计算机 BINAC(Binary Automatic Computer)二进制自动计算机 UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer)通用自动计算机,New Words&Expressions:instruction cycle 指令周期decode vt.解码,译解bus n.总线pins n.插脚,管脚uppermost adj.最高的;adv.在最上address bus 地址总线data bus 数据总线via prep.经,通过,经由multibit 多位bidirectional 双向的unidirectional
3、 单向的hierarchy n.层次,层级microprocessor n.微处理器register n.寄存器timing n.定时;时序;时间选择synchronize vt.使.同步assert vt.主张,发出deassert vt.撤销trigger vt.引发,引起,触发map v.映射port n.端口,2.1 Basic Organization of Computers,Abbreviations:CPU(Central Processing Unit)中央处理器 I/O(Input/Output)输入输出(设备),New Words n.八进制alphabet n.字母表f
4、ractional adj.分数的,小数的whole number n.整数remainder n.余数significant figure n.有效数字quotient n.商algorithm n.算法complement n.补码,余角carry n.进位,3.1 Number Systems,Abbreviations:Binary-coded hexadecimal(BCH)二进制编码的十六进制,New Words&Expressionsinviting adj.引人动心的contiguous adj.邻近的,接近的stack n.堆栈insertion n.插入deletion n
5、.删除,删除部分pop 退栈push 进栈backtrack v.回溯pseudocode n.计伪代码retrieve v.重新得到;n.找回pointer n.指针pertinent adj.有关的,相干的,中肯的extract vt.取,引 back out 返回entail vt.使承担,带来traverse v.遍历shrink v.收缩allot vt.分配,充当,依靠predecessor n.前辈,前任back and forth adv.来来往往地,来回地vacancy n.空,空白,空缺stuff vt.填充,塞满AbbreviationsLIFO(last-in,firs
6、t-out)后进先出FIFO(first-in,first-out)先进先出,4.2 Stacks,New Words vt.使移居,使移植circular queue 循环队列envision vt.想象,预想bridge vt.跨接,接通,4.3 Queues,计算机专业英语,5-6,New Words&Expressions:OS(Operating System)操作系统binding n.捆绑 mutual interference 相互干扰interface n.界面,接口facilitate vt.推动,帮助,促进allocation n.分配,安置constraint n.约束
7、,强制,局促 criteria n.标准 embody vt.具体表达,使具体化entry n.条目,登录privilege n.特权;vt.给与.特权partition vt.分区approach n.方法,途径a priori 预先,事前perceive v.感知,感到,认识到 preemption n.抢占suboptimal adj.未达最佳标准的entrust v.委托sequential adj.顺序的,串行的 exclusive use 专用concurrent adj.并发的,并行的 de-allocate vt.释放 scheduling n.调度salient featur
8、es 特征,特色initiate vt.vi.开始,发动,5.1 OS Function,计算机专业英语,5-7,New Words n.单片share vt.&n.共享segregate v.隔离interact vi.互相作用,互相影响kernel n.核心,内核invoke v.调用process scheduling 过程调度virtual adj.虚拟的interprocess adj.进程间的recovery n.恢复initiation n.开始,初始化microkernel n.微核portability n.可移植性extensibility n.可延长性,展开性strati
9、fy vt.分层,层化hierarchy n.层次,层级detract v.转移devise vt.设计,发明,图谋,作出not-so-small 并不十分小real time 实时interpretation n.解释,阐明,口译,通译QNX 一种操作系统Mach 一种采用微内核技术的UNIX操作系统,5.3 OS Structure,New Words n.近似,途径 conducive adj.有助于.的evasive adj.逃避的;回避的;推托的framework n.构架,框架,结构,New Words 统一体modular design 标准设计,模块化设计object-orie
10、nted 面向对象的stub n.树桩,桩模块give way to 让路,让步trial-and-error n.试错,反复试验malfunction n.故障,出错waterfall model 瀑布模型analogy n.类似,类推after all adv.毕竟stark adv.完全地trial-and-creative 试验并创造的nonstructure 非结构性intuition n.直觉,直觉的知识contradiction n.反驳,矛盾incremental model 增量式模型update v.修正,更新;n.更新stepwise adj.楼梯式的,逐步的protot
11、ype n.原型evolutionary prototyping 演化式原型in favor of adv.赞同,有利于throwaway prototyping 抛弃原型iron out 消除;解决困难等documentation n.文件debugging n.调试spreadsheet n.电子制表软件,电子数据表AbbreviationsCASE(computer-aided software engineering)计算机辅助软件工程GUI(Graphical User Interfaces)图形用户界面,New Words&Expressions:evolution n.发展,演变
12、 primitive 原始的,appropriating 适当的 interpreter 解释程序compiler 编译器 intermediary 中间的invoke 调用 premium 额外费用,奖金cryptic 秘密(含义模糊)的 esoteric 深奥的prompt n.提示符,7.1 Computer Languages,Abbreviations:,New Words&Expressions:object-oriented 面向对象的ongoing adj.正在进行中的 crisis n.危机 exploit v.开发,使用raw adj.天然的,原始的 medium n.媒介
13、,方法 match 相称,匹配 discrete adj.单个的,离散的 transistor n.晶体管 resistor n.电阻 capacitor n.电容 integration 集成电路 abstraction n.抽象化class n.类inheritance n.继承encapsulation n.封装polymorphism n.多型entity n.实例,实体,7.2 Object-Oriented Programming,Abbreviations:OOP(Object-Oriented Programming)面向对象的编程技术IC(integrated circuit
14、s)集成电路LSI(large-scale integration)大规模集成电路VLSI(very large-scale integration)超大规模集成电路,8.1 The Internet:Technology Background,New Words 把.分成部分break down 破坏;拆散细分;分类disabled n.禁止使用的quad n.四元组mainframe n.计主机,大型机vulnerable adj.易受攻击的,gigabyte n.十亿字节(giga-为字首,“十亿”)supercomputer n.计 超型计算机reminiscent adj.怀旧的;回
15、忆的Domain Name 域名host computer(host)主机instant messaging 即时信息服务packet-switching 分组交换技术client/server 客户机/服务器circuit switching 线路转接bit n.计位,比特Router 计 路由器routing algorithm 路径算法Ethernet n.以太网token ring networks 令牌环形网Telnet 远程登录Finger 查找因特网用户的程序Ping 测试IP地址的程序Tracert 检查路由器程序UNIX 美国AT&T公司的操作系统,UNIX操作系统let a
16、lone 更不用说,AbbreviationsTCP(Transfer Control Protocol)传输控制协议IP(Internet Protocol)网际协议FTP(File Transfer Protocol)文件传输协议POP(Post Office Protocol)邮局协议HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)超文本传输协议IP address IP地址URL(Uniform Resource Locator)统一资源定位DNS(domain name system)域名系统SSL(Security Socket Layer)加密套接字协议层RAM
17、(random access memory)随机存储器ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)美国国防部高级研究计划局建立的计算机网ICANN(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)因特网域名与地址管理组织 SMTP(Simple Message Transfer Protocol)简单邮件传输协议,用于电子邮件的传输IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol)Internet消息访问协议,New Words v.搭载,8.2 The I
18、nternet Today,AbbreviationsNAP(Network Access Point)网络访问节点DSL(digital subscriber line)数字用户线Metropolitan Area Exchange(MAE)城域交换站W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)万维网联合会ISP(Internet Service Provider)Internet服务提供者ISOC(Internet Society)Internet 协会IAB(Internet Architectrue Board)Internet架构委员会IETF(Internet En
19、gineering Task Force)Internet工程任务组IESG(Internet Engineering Steering Group)Internet工程指导组,8.2 The Internet Today,New Words n.流synchronous adj.同时的,同步的jerkiness n.不平稳,颠簸tag n.标志,特征,标记识;标识符multicasting 多信道广播diffserve 区别质量的服务videoconference n.视频会议AbbreviationsAOL(American On-Line)美国在线服务公司NASA(National Ae
20、ronautics and Space Administration)(美国)国家航空航天局,8.3 Internet II:The Future Infrastructure,The invention of the Web brought an extraordinary expansion of digital services to millions of amateur computer users,including color text and pages,formatted text,pictures,animations,video,and sound.In short,th
21、e Web makes nearly all the rich elements of human expression needed to establish a commercial marketplace available to nontechnical computer users worldwide.,万维网的发明带来了为数以百万计的业余计算机使用者提供的数字化服务的非常扩展,包括彩色文本和网页、格式化文本、图片、动画、视频和声音。简而言之,万维网使建立商业化市场必需的人类表达方式的几乎所有丰富要素对非技术计算机使用者成为可能。,New Words&Expressionsanima
22、tion n.动画browse v.n.浏览Hypertext n.超文本protocol n.草案,协议extension n.扩展名supplant vt.排挤掉,代替browser n 浏览器surf vi.作冲浪运动,vt.在.冲浪extension n.扩展名supplant vt.排挤掉,代替browser n 浏览器surf vi.作冲浪运动,vt.在.冲浪Netscape 美国Netscape公司,以开发Internet浏览器闻名,AbbreviationsGML(Generalized Markup Language)通用置标语言SGML(Standard Generaliz
23、ed Markup Language)标准通用置标语言XML(Extensible Markup Language)可扩展链接标示语言SSL(Security Socket Layer)加密套接字协议层FTP(File Transfer Protocol)文件传输协议PDA(personal digital assistant)个人数字助理,New Words&Expressions:breach 破坏,缺口 involve 包含,涉及,也可不译depositor 寄托者vulnerability 弱点,攻击perimeter 周围,周边 penetrate vt.攻破,攻击Exposure
24、曝光,揭露threat n.威胁,恐吓asset 资产interruption 中断,打断interception 截取modification 修改fabricate v.伪造tamper v.篡改spurious adj.假的,10.1 Characteristics of Computer Intrusion and Kinds of Security Breaches,Abbreviations:,New Words&Expressions:cryptography n.密码学encryption 加密 cipher n.密码(钥),加密程序decrypt v.解密transit 通行
25、(过),运输plaintext n.明文cyphertext n.密文scheme n.计划,方案secret-key 秘钥public-key 公钥symmetric adj.对称的data integrity 数据完整性session key 会话密钥crack v.解开,裂开hacker 黑客,计算机窃贼encode v.编码triple-encryption 三重加密built-in 内在(固有)的,state-of-the-art 最新的proliferate v.增生,扩散,10.2 Modern Cryptography-Data Encryption,Abbreviations
26、:DES(Data Encryption System)数据加密系统DCE(Distributed Computing Environment)分布式计算环境,10.3 How Firewalls Work,New Words&Expressions firewall n.防火墙 offensive adj.无理的,攻击性的hacker n.黑客 filter v.过滤,滤过,渗入private 私有的,秘密地 packet n.小包,信息包employee n.职员,雇工telnet n.远程登录traffic n.流量 proxy n.代理retrieve v,检索match n.比较,匹
27、配,符合customizable 可定制的 block n.妨碍,阻碍port n.端口 bug n.故障,(程序)错误unsolicited adj.主动提供的 junk n.垃圾,无用数据spam n.垃圾邮件 counter v.还击,驳回session n.会话 inundate v.淹没macro 计宏指令,宏功能 viruse n.病毒,New Words&Expressions:facilitate 使容易,促进 retrieval n.检索field n.字段,record 记录,alphabetically 按字母顺序地 chronologically 按年代顺序排break
28、 down v.分解 build up 建造,装配,组成encyclopedia n.百科全书 reference n.涉及,参考,引用bibliography 书目,参考书目 periodical n.期刊,杂志literature n.文献,著作 professional n.专业人员,专家,11.1 Overview,Abbreviations:,New Words&Expressions:sequential 顺序的,连续的 integrate 综合,使成整体access v.访问 retrieve v.找回,检索employ v.使用 list structure n.链表结构inv
29、oice n.发票 pointer n.指针hierarchical structure 树结构 subordinate adj.从属的network structure 网状结构 relational structure 关系结构physical structure 物理结构,11.2 DBMS STRUCTURING TECHNIQUES,Abbreviations:DBMS(Database Management System)数据库管理信息系统,11.3 Oracle的数据库管理功能,New Words&Expressions add-on adj.附加的 repository v.综
30、合,使成整体console n.控制台optional adj.可选择的,随意的monitor n.监控,监视load n.负载,加载tuning n.调谐,调整tracking n.跟踪bottleneck n.瓶颈 proactive adj.前摄的eliminate v.排除,消除 upgrade v.使升级,提升initiate v.开始,初始化wizard n.向导,范例mundane a.平凡(世俗)的 critical adj.临界的,关键性的archivelog n.档案日志 utility n.实用程序,效用expire v 期满,到期 incremental adj.增加的
31、 bundle v.捆绑,扎 facility n.设备,工具,New Words&Expressions:Audio sound n.声音retention n.保留,保持Static Graphics Images 静态图像aid v.援助,帮助animation n.动画 full-motion video 全运动影像,12.1 Multimedia,Abbreviations:MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)乐器数字接口,New Words&Expressions:Audio sound n.声音 retention n.保留,保持S
32、tatic Graphics Images 静态图像aid v.援助,帮助animation n.动画 full-motion video 全运动影像,12-2 ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA,Abbreviations:MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)乐器数字接口,New Words&Expressions:via 经,通过conversation n.会话,交谈adage n.谚语,格言pervade 蔓延,遍及,扩大diverse a.不同的encompass v.包括,包含adopt v.采用,采纳image n.图像c
33、lassify vt.分类simulation n.模拟,仿真span v.横越,跨越orthographic projections 八面图形投影法perspective a.透视的Renaissance n.文艺复兴plot v.绘图,划分 intractable a.难解决的,13.1 Introduction To Computer Graphics,Abbreviations:CRT(Cathode-ray tube)阴极射线管,13.3 Output Primitives,New Words&Expressions output primitives 输出图元 analog dev
34、ice 模拟设备vector n.矢量pen plotter 笔式绘图仪random-scan display 随机扫描显示器endpoint n.端点horizontal a.水平的vertical a.垂直的deflection n.偏转,偏差voltage n.电压,伏特数digital device 数字设备high-resolution 高分辨率的,New Words&Expressions:animation n.动画 imply v.暗指,暗示visual a.视觉的 scene n.场景,情景translation n.平移 rotation n.旋转variation n.变
35、化 transparency n.透明性surface texture 表面纹理 automobile n.主美汽车engine n.引擎 orientation n.方向,方位,定位focal length 焦距 lighting effect n.光照效果illumination n.照明 rendering n.着色,绘画storyboard n.剧本 layout n.布置,版面安排key-frame 关键帧 in-between frames n.插值帧frame-by-frame a.逐帧的 consecutively adv.连续地,连贯的,13.4 Computer Anima
36、tion,New Words&Expressions:presentation 陈述,表达multisensory adj.多感官的perspective 透视图,观点illusion n.幻想image 影像,图像inherently 天性地,固有地six-surface Cube 六面体real-time 实时的stereo 立体的,立体感觉的resolution n.分辨率mount v.装配,安装release v.释放,放弃depth cue 深度暗示projected adj.投影的visual adj.视觉的simulation n.模拟,14.1 An Introduction
37、 to and History of Virtual Reality,Abbreviations:VR(Virtual Reality)虚拟现实 BOOM(Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor)双目全方位监视器HMD(head-mounted display)头盔显示器,New Words&Expressions:interactive 交互的intranet n.企业内部互联网integrate 使成整体,结合visualization n.可视化presentation n.演示virtual adj.虚拟的criteria 准则authorability
38、n,创作性compose 组成,写作,排字re-usability n.可重用性extensibility 可扩展性explicitly 明白地,明确地platform 平台 arbitrarily 武断地,任意地static 静态的animated 动画的,活生生的dynamic 动态的hyperlink 超级联接author v.制作available 可利用的registration 注册,登记community 团体,公用interoperable 能共同使用的extension n.延长,范围scope 范围specification 规范,说明书,14.2 About VRML,N
39、ew Words&Expressions:conceptually 概念地aural 听觉的modify 更改,修改mechanisms 机制primary 原始的composition 合成法,排版encapsulation 封装semantic 语义resolution 分辨率latitude 纬度,范围,地区interpretation 解释,阐明mouse 鼠标implicitly 含蓄地,暗中地coordinate 坐标recursively 递归地,回归地sphere 球体 reference 提及,参考书目enclose 放入,封闭,包装hierarchical 分层的,层次的spatial adj.空间的accumulation 积聚,积累dissipate v.使消失,失去intractable 难处理的compact 紧凑的,简洁的syntax n.语法,14.2 About VRML,14.2 About VRML,Abbreviations:VRML(The Virtual Reality Modeling Language)虚拟现实建模语言API(application programmer interface)应用程序界面,