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1、ReadingTest65MINUTES,52QUESTIONSTurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.DIRECTIONSEachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonWhatiSstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompany
2、inggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).QuestionsI-IOarebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThispassageisfromPaulLaurenceDunbeuTheSportUftheGods.Originallypublishedin1901.Thentheworkbegan.Themanwasindefatigable.Hewaslikethespiritofenergy.HewasineveryPlaCeaboutthestageatonce,leadingtheChCrUishowingUNthemsteps,rwisin
3、gsomeawkwardgirlintoshape.5shouting,gesticulating,abusingIhCpianist.Now,now,”heWOUldshout.MthcleftfootonUIalbeat.Bah,bah,stop!Youwalklikealioftinsoldiers.AreyourjointsIIsiy?DoyouWanEOlDLookhere,Taylor,if1didntknowyou.I,dlakeyouIOforatruck.Pickupyuurfi纪t,openyourmouth”，andmove,move,move!Oh!andhewould
4、drophisheadindespair.,diothinkthatvcgottodosomethingwiththesethingsintwoweekstw(weeks!Thenhewouldturntothemagainwitha15suddenreaccessionofeageincss,Now,atitagain,atitagain!Holdthatnote,holdil!Nowwhirl,andontheleftfoot.Stopthatmusic,stopitMissCoster,you*lllearnthatstepinaboutathousandyears,andvegotni
5、nehundredandninety-nineyearsandfifty20weekslesstimethanthattospare.Comehereandtrythatstepwithme.Don,tbeafraidtomove.StepIikCachickenonahotgriddle!Andsomeblushinggirlwouldcomeforwardandgothroughthestepalonebeforealltherest.2.5Kittyntemplatedthescenewithamindequallydividedbetweenfearandanger.Whatshoul
6、dshedoifheshouldsospeaktoher?Liketheothers,nodoubt,smilesheepishlyandobeyhim.Butshedidnotliketobchcvcil.Sefeltthattheindependencesowhichshehadknownfrombabyheedwouldassertitself,ndthatShcwouldtalkbackt。him,evenasHarticSterlingdid.Shefellscaredanddiscouraged*buteverynowandthenherfriendsmiledencouragin
7、glyUPOnheracrosstheranksofmoving:好singers.Fnially.however,herthoughtswerebrokeninuponbyhearingMr.Martincry:,Oh,quit,quit,andgorestyourselves,youancientpiecesofhickory,andletncfbgciyoufbraminutebeforeIgocrazy.i,Wheres山atnewgirlnow?”K(tyroseandwenttowardhim,tremblingsothatshecouldhardlywalk.Whatcanyou
8、do?*,1cansing/veryfaintly.*,We!1,ifthat,sthevoiceyou,regoingtosingin,therewon*tbemanythatllknowwhetherit,sgoodorbad.Well,let,shearsomething.Doyouknowanyofthese?*Andheranoverthetitlesofseveralsongs.She50knewsomeofthem,andheselectedone.Trythis.Here,Torn,playitforher.*ItwasanordealforIhCgirltogothrough
9、.Shehadneversungbeforeatanythingmoreformidablethanachurchconcert,whereonlyherimmediate5.5acquaintancesandtownspeoplewerepresent.Nowtosingbeforeallthesestrangepeople,themselvessingers,madeherfeelfaintandawkward.Butthecourageofdesperationcametoher,andshestruckintothesong.Atthefirsthervoicewaveredand60
10、threatenedtofailher.Itmustnot.Shechokedbackherfrightandforcedthemusicfromherlips.Whenshewasdone1shewasstartledtohearMartinburstintoaraucouslaugh.Suchhumiliation!Shehadfailed,andinsteadoftellingher,hewas65bringinghertoshamebeforethewholecompany.Thetearscameintohereyes,andshewasaboutgivingwaywhensheca
11、ughtareassuringnodandsmilefromHattieSterling,andseizedonthisasalasthope.70Haw,haw,haw!laughedMartin,haw,haw,haw!Thelittleonewasscared,see?SheWaSscared,d,youunderstand?Butdidyouseethegritshewentatitwith?Justtookthebitinherteethandgotaway.Hawlhaw,haw!Now,that,swhatJlike.Ifailyou75girlshadthatspirit,we
12、coulddosomethinginIWOweeks.Tryanotherone,girl.Ki(ty,shearthadsuddenlygrownlight.ShesangthesecondonebetterbecauseSomethingwithinherwassinging.Accordingtothepassage,KittypreferstothinkofherselfasthetypeofpersonwhoA)obedientlyfollowsallinstructions.B)consistentlymaintainshercomposure.C)directlydefiesat
13、temptstointimidateher,D)correctlyestimatesthelimitsofherskills.ThepassageindicatesthalHattieviewsKittyasafriendwhoA)deservesgtkteasingaboutherstagefright.B)needshearteningancnttontobolsterherconfidence.C)requiresinccs&anipamperingtofeelatease.D)seekscxcmpnhiftsfromA)openlyimpatienttopolitelytolerant
14、.B)obviouslydissatisliedtogenuinelyappreciative.C)utterlyscornfultocompletelydismayed.D)bitterlyresentfultoseeminglyhopeful.WhichchoiceProVideSrhebestevidenceirtheanswertothepreviousquestion?)Lines2-5(Hewas.pianist)B)Lines25-26,*Kitty.anger)C)Lines26-27CWhat.her*)D)Lines37-39(Oh,quit.crazyt)Asusedin
15、line56,strangemostnearlymeansA)uncommon.B)peculiar.C)unfamiliar.D)awkward.ItcanbemostreasonablyinferredfromthepassagethatKittysinitialunderstandingofMr.Martin,sreactiontoherperformanceisA)essentiallysound,becauseshecountershissarcasmwithhostility.B)fundamentallyunrealistic,becausesheisnewtotheatrica
16、lwork.C)largelymistaken,becausesheisdistressedbyanapparentinsult.D)somewhatflawed,becausesheexpectsanoutrightendorsement.Mr.MartinsevaluationofKittysperformancefocusesmostdirectlyonKittysA)pleasingvoice.B)resolvetoperformonstagp.C)abilitytoengagetheaudience.D)senseofpersonaldignity.11lThereferenceto
17、singinginline79mainA)signalapuzzlingchangeinKittysmood.B)revealtlcmotivationforperformingherdiscovers.C)echoIhCinspirationaltoneofKittyssong.D)emphasizetheunexpectedhappinessKittyfeels.WhiChchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswerco(hepreviousquestion?A)Lines5557(,Now.awkward)B)Lincs62-63(When.,lau
18、glf,)C)Lines6669(Thetears.hopeH)D)Line77CKittys-Iight)Questions11-21arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Passages1,byJamesKent,andpassage2,byDavidBuelrareadaptedfromspeechesdeliveredtotheNewYorkConstitutionalConventionin1821.BothaddresstherequirementintheNewYorkStateConstitutionthatonlyproperty-owningrules
19、shouldbegrantedSufTragetherighttovote.PassagelThetendencyofuniversalsuffrage,istojeopardizetherightsofpropertyandprinciplesofIibcrty-WbocanundertaketocalculatorwithIbManyprecision,howmanymillionsofpeople,this5greatstatewillcontaininthecourseofthisandthenextcentury,andwhoCanestimatethefutureextentand
20、magnitudeofourcommercialports?Thedisproportionbetweenthemenofproperty,andthemenofnoproperty,willbeineverysocietyinaratioIOtoitsmmerce,wealth,andpopulation.Wearcnolongertoremainplainandsimplerepublicsoffarmers,liketheNewEnglandcolonists,ortheDutchsettlementsintheHudson.Wcarcfastbcmingagreatnation,wit
21、hgreatcommerce15manufactures,population,wealth,Iuxuncs.andwiththevisesandmiseriesthattheyengendrOneseventhofthepopulationofcityofParisatthisdaysubsistsonchanty,andonethirdiftheinhabitantsofthatcitydieinhospitals,what20wouldbecomeofsuchacitywithuniversalsuffrage?.Thenionthateverymanchatworksadayonthe
22、road,orservesanidlehourinthemilitia,isentitledasofrighttoanequalparticipationinthewholepowerofthegovernment,ismost25unreasonable,andhasnofoundationinjustice.1.iberty,rigllyunderstood,isaninestimableblessing,butlibertywithoutwisdom,andwithoutjustice,isnobetterthanwildandsavagelicentiousness.Thedanger
23、whichwehavehereafter30toapprehend,isnot【hewanbuttheabuse,ofliberty.Astablesenate,exemptedfromtheinfluenceofuniversalsuffrage,willpowerfullycheckthesedangerouspropensities,andsuchacheckbecomesthemorenecessary,sincetheConvention35hasalreadydeterminedtowithdrawthewatchfuleyeofthejudicialdepartmentfromt
24、hepassageoflaws.Passage2Thefarmersinthiscountrywillalwaysoutnumberallotherportionsofourpopulation.Admittingthattheincreaseofourcities,and1。especiallyofourcommercialmetropolis,willbeasgreatasithasbeenhitherto;itisnottobedoubtedthattheagriculturalpopulationwillincreaseinthesameproportion.Thecitypopula
25、tionwillneverbeabletodepressthatofthecountry.NewYorkhas45alwayscontainedaboutatenthpartofthepopulationofthestate,andwillprobablyalwaysbearasimilarproportion.Canshe,withsuchapopulation,underanycircumstances,renderthepropertyofthevastpopulationofthecountryinsecure?Itmaybethat50mobswilloccasionallybeco
26、llected,andCOmmildepredationsinagreatcity,but,canthemobstraverseounnmensetemtory,andinvadethefarms,anddespoilthep11peiyofthelandholders?AndifsuchastateofthingsWClCpossible,wouldasenate,.1)electedbyfreeholders,aflbrdanysecurity?comendthatbythetrueprincipleofourgovernmen,ptopety.assuch,isnotthebasisof
27、representation.Ourcommunityi$anassociationofpersons-ofhumanbings-notapartnership/H)foundedUnpropertyIliedeclaredobjectofthepeopleofth5stateinassociating,was,to,*estabhshSUChagovernmentastheydeemedbestcalculatedtosecuretherightsandlibertiesofthegoodpeopleofIhCstate,andmostnducivetotheirhappinessand6.
28、；safety.nPropcrty,itisadmitted,isoneoftherightstobeprotectedandsecured;andalthoughtheprotectionoflifeandlibertyisthehighestobjeofattention,itiscertainlytrue,thatthesecurityofpropertyisamostinterestingandimportantobject70ineveryfreegovernment.Propertyisessentialtoourtemporalhappiness;andisnecessarily
29、oneofthemostinterestingsubjectsoflegislation.Thedesireofacquiringpropertyisauniversalpassion.Topropertyweareindebtedformostofourmfbrts,75andformuchofourtemporalhappiness.Thenumerousreligious,moral,andbenevolentinstitutionswhichareeverywhereestablished,oweIheirexistencetowealth;anditiswealthwhichenab
30、lesustomakethosegreatinternalgoimprovementwhichwehaveundertaken.Propertyisonlyoneoftheincidentalrightsofthepersonwhopossessesit;and,assuch,itmustbemadesecure,butitdoesnotfollow,thatitmustthereforeberepresentedspecificallyinanybranchofthe85government.31TITTiiTiiTTII;iITIiTuITIIIi-Ii/KVyJIIJIIalTillIT
31、IrII1IiiiT0#C8iaK11i18N3111TIIi学心miiii)tXjrolLlfclaerTIT5KnflgB0血亦716p1加lie+&,fpE,tAWEcfca!E!(!IbIITj1lc)ilah+:6MIKiioy+fc,Jii1T1Tq空喇akIKiT!.i4IaPE,IET!1RI1&-=-$ii#龌s%i鸣喈I#也&勤二_$2i#X&B2*ltGII(OLl*峰NXEli14I面0：(T)0i(QIi%AccordingtoBueltwhatimportancedoespropertyhavewithregardtohumanexistenceingeneral?
32、A)Itiscommonlydesiredbypeoplebecauseitcontributestotheircomfortandhappiness.B)Itspossessiondefineswhatitisthatmakeshumansmorallyandspirituallydistinctive.C)ItsrelentlesspursuithasmadeAmericaintothesuccessfulnationthatithasbecome.D)Itsownershipisofgreatervaluetomostpeoplethanisthepursuitofsafetyandli
33、berty.aAsusedinline82,“madesecure”mostnearlymeansA)stabilized.B)reassured.C)balanced.D)protected.mHowwouldBueImostlikelyrespondiuKentsstatementinlines1-3(uThctendency.Iibcrtyw)?A)Withresignation,becausethenationsChiCfconcernWIHinevitablyshiftfromuniversaljusticetoindividualwealth.B)Withdisapproval,b
34、ecauserhenationwasfoundedtoserveandprotectallpeopleregardlessoftheirlandholdings.C)Withamusement,becauseuniversalsuffrageactuallyinsulatespropertyownersagainstfinanciallosses.D)Withanger,becauseeffortstoachieveuniversalsuffrageunderminethefundamentalprinciplesofthenation.WhichstatementdescribeshowKe
35、ntwouldmostlikelyreacttoBuel,sremarksinlines39-43(uAdmitting.proportion”)？A)Kentwouldarguethatfarmersaretoooftenoutoftouchwiththenationsrapidlychangingcommercialneeds.B)Kentwouldcomplainthatpeoplewhoperformper-melabordrainthegovernmentlimitedpoolofresourcesandshouldnotbeallowedtorunforOfllGeC)Kentwo
36、uldassetthat,regardlessofthenumberoffarmers1thenonagriculturaleconomywillnowdefinethecharacterofthenation.D)KentWCUldpointoutthat,becausethenation*sfbundeswerewealthy,IhCprinciplestheysupnlednaturallyfvnrprofessionsthataremorelucrative【hanagriculture.EaWhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswert
37、othepreviousquestion?A)Lines26(*4Who.centurym)B)Lines10-16(“Weare.engender0)C)Lines21-25(Thenotion.justice)D)Lines2931(“Thedanger.liberty)Questions22-32arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymateriaLThispassageisaadaptedfromP.H1*,MemoryinPlants,2014byTheEconomistNewspaperLimited.WhenBriuin*sPr
38、inceCharlesoncechimedthathetalkedtohisplantsandthattheyrespondedcriticschalkeditupasonemorereasonwhyhe笈Kshouldneverbecomeking.Withtonguemorefirmly5incheek,theprincesaysthatthesedayshemerely*iinstructs11hisleafysubjects.Butdotheylistento1Icamfrom,orrememberhi$royalcommands?MorethanacenturyagoBengalip
39、olymathSirJagadishChandraBosepositedthatplantscouldfeel,10learnandremember,andmorerecentstudieshaveconfirmedtheycanstoreandrecallbiologicaldata.ButresearchbyMonicaGaglianooftheUniversityofWesternAustralia(UWA)andthreefellowscientistsgoesmuchfurther.Thisstudy,publishedin15Oecologia,o11cproofthatplant
40、snotonlyICatnfromexperience,butrememberwhattheyhavelearnedoverrelativelylongperiods.Dr.GaglianoandcollaboratorsMichaelRenton,MartialDepczynski(allfromUWA)andSteno20Mancuso(ofFlorenceUniversity)choseaschoirsubjecttheherbMimosapuJicatoftenknnwasthetouch-me-notbecauseitsleavesfoldSWiftIyinwardswhendist
41、urbedamechanismdesignedtodefenditagainstPred仙心25TheteamdevisedanapparatusthatsuspendeachpottedmimosaonaverticalrailaIxivcafbanbase,thendroppedit15cbyallowingittoslidedowntherail一aSignificaniphysicalshocks,butultimatelynotathreattotheplantswellbeing.Their30goalwastodiscoverifmimosascouldadaptivelylea
42、rntoignoresuchstimuli,aprocessknownashabituation,Ilieplantswerevariouslygrowninlow-light(LL)andhighlight(HL)environments,withtheexpectationthattheLLplantswould“learn”35morequicklygiventheirgreaterneedtokeeptheirleavesopenforphotosynthesis.Mimosassubjectedtoasingledropquicklyclosedtheirleaves,anddids
43、oagainwhentheexperimentwasrepeatedeighthourslaterclearlytheystill40consideredtheexperiencethreatening.Alargegroupofplantswasthentrainedwithaseriesof60consecutivedropsafewsecondsapart,repeatedseventimeswithinasingleday.Theseplantshabituatedrapidly,keepingIheirleavesopenafter45thefirstfourtosixinitial
44、dropsand,towardstheendofthedaystraining,notdosingtheirleavesatall(asexpected.theLLplantsleavesreopenedmorewidely).TbensurethatallthiswasnotsimplyacaseoflTalbfatiguc/*acficrentkindofshock(onaM250-rpmshakerlac,)wasadministeredafter(hesixth(raining.Themimosasclosedtheirleaves.WhatisTmMtremarkable,howev
45、er,isthattheplantsrememberedtheirtraining.Somemimosas(hatweresubjrtcd2singleseriesof60dropssixdayslaterdidnotclosetheirleavesatall,whilethoseIhaldidreactstoppeddoingsoafteronlytwoorthreedrops.AnumberofplantswerethenswitchedfromLLtoHL(andviceversa),leftundisturbedfor2Sdays,and“re-tested”bybeinggiven(
46、heKilldays朽Utrainingagain.ImriguinglyhtheHL-toLLplantsnotonlyrememberedthatthestimuluswasharmless,butalsoopenedtheirleavesmorewidely,showingthattheyhadadaptedwhattheyhadlearnedtotheirnewLLenvironment.Overall,bothgroupsdisplayed63morepronouncedandconsistentresponsesthanbefore,demonstratingthattheystillrecallwhat(heyweretaughtfourweeksearlier.Dr.GaglianoandhercolleaguesadmitthattheydonotconclusivelyknowhowPlantSlackingbrains70orneutraltissue*Icarnandremember.Calcium-basedcellularsignallingisonePoSSibleexplanation,asistheprocessingofinformationbycellsv
