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1、美国名人女企业家，媒体人凯瑟琳格雷厄姆WashingtonPostOwnerandPublisherKatharineGraham:APowerfulMediaLeaderinAmericaplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:38repeatByShelleyGollust2006-8-19VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnsonwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.TodaywetellaboutKatharineGraham.Shewastheown
2、erandpublisheroftheWashingtonPostnewspaper.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:KatharineMeyerGrahamwasoncedescribedasthemostpowerfulwomaninAmerica.Shewasnotagovernmentofficialorelectedrepresentative.SheownedandpublishedtheWashingtonPostnewspaper.Underherleadership,itbecameoneofthemostimportantnewspapersinthecountry.Kat
3、harineMeyerwasborninNewYorkCityinnineteenseventeen.ShewasthedaughterofEugeneandAgnesMeyer.Herfatherwasasuccessfulinvestmentbanker.Hebecameanimportantfinancialofficial.Herfamilywasveryrich.KatharinegrewupinlargehousesinNewYorkandWashington.Herparentswereoftenawayfromhome,travelingandworking.Katharine
4、wasoftenlonely.KatherineMeyergraduatedfromtheUniversityofChicagoinIllinoisinnineteenthirty-eight.ShegotajobasareporterforanewspaperinSanFrancisco,California.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-three,EugeneMeyerhadboughtafailingnewspaper,TheWashingtonPost.ItwastheleastsuccessfuloffivenewspapersinWashington.Kat
5、harinereturnedtoWashingtonandgotajobeditingletterstotheeditorofherfathersnewspaper.ShemarriedPhilipGraham.HewasalawyerandformerassistanttotwoSupremeCourtjustices.MisterGrahamsoonacceptedajobathiswifesfathersnewspaper.Innineteenforty-six,EugeneMeyerleftthenewspapertobecomethefirstpresidentoftheWorldB
6、ank.PhilipGrahambecamepublisherofTheWashingtonPost.VOICEONE:MisterGrahamimprovedTheWashingtonPost.HeboughtNewsweekmagazineandseveraltelevisionstations.Healsoestablishedclosetieswithimportantpoliticalleaders.However,MisterGrahamtreatedhiswifebadly.Hemadeherfeelunimportant.Hehadasexualrelationshipwith
7、ayoungreporter.Formanyyears,MisterGrahamsufferedfrommentalillness.Hekilledhimselfinnineteensixty-three.VOICETWO:KatharineGrahamhadfourchildrentoraiseandanewspapertooperate.Atfirst,shewasconcernedonlywithfindingawaytokeepcontrolofTheWashingtonPostuntilhersonswereoldenoughtosuperviseit.Shewasaninsecur
8、eperson.Shedidnotthinkshehadtheabilitytodoanimportantjob.Shehadnotraininginbusinessorexperienceinoperatingalargecompany.Inthosedays,itwasunusualforawomantobetheheadofabusiness.Womenwereexpectedtosuperviseonlytheirhomesandchildren.VOICEONE:KatharineGrahammetwithofficialsofThePost.Shetoldthemthepaperw
9、ouldnotbesold.Shesaiditwouldremaininherfamily.ShewaselectedpresidentofTheWashingtonPostCompany.Shehadnoideaabouthowtooperateanewspaper.Soshedecidedtolearn.ShebeganbyhiringBenjaminBradlee.Helaterbecamechiefeditor.MisterBradleeimprovedthenewspaper.Hehiredexcellentreportersandeditors.Theybegandoingimpo
10、rtantinvestigativereporting.Innineteensixty-nine,MissusGrahambecamepublisheraswellaspresidentofTheWashingtonPostCompany.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inthenineteenseventies,TheWashingtonPostbecamefamousaroundtheworldbecauseoftwomajorsuccesses.Innineteenseventy-one,TheNewYorkTimesnewspaperstartedpublishingsecretgo
11、vernmentdocumentsaboutAmericaninvolvementintheVietnamWar.TheywereknownasthePentagonPapers.TheadministrationofPresidentRichardNixonappealedtothecourtstostopthepublicationofthedocuments.Itsaidpublicationwouldendangernationalsecurity.AtemporaryrestrainingorderfromafederaljudgestoppedTheNewYorkTimesfrom
12、publishingthedocuments.VOICEONE:WashingtonPostreportersalsogotacopyofthePentagonPapers.Theyalsowantedtopublishthedocuments.MissusGrahamhadtodecideifthepaperwouldpublishthestoriesandriskpossiblepunishmentbythegovernment.Thenewspaperslawyersadvisedhernottopublishthem.YetshedecidedtopublishthePentagonP
13、apersinTheWashingtonPost.TheSupremeCourtfinallydecidedtheissue.TheyruledagainstthejudgesorderrestrainingpublicationofthePentagonPapers.Thatrulingwasconsideredamajorsuccessforfreedomofthepress.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Thenextyear,innineteenseventy-two,TheWashingtonPosthadanothermajorsuccessreportingonadiffere
14、ntstory.FivemenhadbeenarrestedafterbreakingintotheheadquartersoftheDemocraticNationalCommitteeintheWatergateofficebuilding.ReportersatThePostbegananintenseinvestigationofthebreak-in.ThePostpublishedaseriesofstoriesbytwoyoungreporters,CarlBernsteinandBobWoodward.Aftermuchinvestigation,thereporterslin
15、kedtheWatergatebreak-intoPresidentNixonandhistopadvisers.TheirstoriesprovedthattheNixonadministrationdirectedaplot.ItsgoalsweretoillegallygatherintelligenceontheDemocraticPartyanddishonoropponentsofthepresident.VOICEONE:MissusGrahamsupportedherreportersandeditorsthroughthelongWatergateinvestigation.
16、ThePostpublishedthestorieseventhoughgovernmentofficialsthreatenedMissusGrahamandhercompany.ThenewspaperwasawardedthePulitzerPrizeforpublicserviceinnineteenseventy-threeforitsWatergatereporting.Thenextyear,PresidentNixonresignedfromoffice.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:KatharineGrahamwasrecognizedaroundtheworldasan
17、importantleaderinnewspaperpublishing.ShewasthefirstwomantoheadamajorAmericancompany.ShesuccessfullyexpandedTheWashingtonPostCompanytoincludenewspaper,magazine,broadcastandcablecompanies.KatharineGrahamplayedanimportantroleinsupportingwomenintheworkforce.MorewomenwereemployedatThePostandatNewsweekmag
18、azine.MissusGrahamalsowasactiveingroupsseekingtoimprovepubliceducationinWashington.Shetraveledaroundthecountrytomakemanypublicspeechesaboutnewsmediaissues.Shealsotraveledaroundtheworldtomeetwithforeignleaders.VOICEONE:KatharineGrahamwaswellknownforhavingdinnerpartiesatherhomeinWashington.Sheinvitedt
19、hemostimportantpeopleinthecity.AninvitationtooneofherpartieswasalmostasvaluableasaninvitationtodinnerattheWhiteHouse.MissusGrahamwasaclosefriendofAmericanandworldleaders.Herfriendsincludedleadersingovernment,media,businessandentertainment.Theyincludedpresidents,primeministersandprincesses.Innineteen
20、ninety-one,DonaldGrahamreplacedhismotheraspublisherandthechiefofficialofTheWashingtonPostCompany.Atthattime,thecompanywasvaluedatalmosttwothousandmilliondollars.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Whenshewaseightyyearsold,KatharineGrahamwroteabookaboutherlife.ItwascalledPersonalHistory.Shewroteaboutthestrugglesandtrage
21、diesofherlifeaswellasthesuccesses.Shewroteabouthowshebattledherowninsecuritiestomovefromatraditionaljobashomemakertoapositionofpower.Criticspraisedthebookforitshonesty.ThebookwonaPulitzerPrizeforbiographyinnineteenninety-eight.Itwasextremelypopular.VOICEONE:KatharineGrahamdiedofheadinjuriesthreeyear
22、slaterafterafall.Shewaseighty-four.Morethanthreethousandpeopleattendedherfuneral.Theyincludedmanygovernmentandbusinessleaders.FriendsofKatharineGrahamsaidshewouldberememberedasawomanwhohadanimportantinfluenceoneventsintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.TheysaidsheusedherintelligenceandbraverytoimprovetheAme
23、ricanmedia.Andtheysaideveryonewhocaresaboutafreepresswouldgreatlymissher.KatharineGrahamoncewrote:Aworldwithoutnewspaperswouldnotbethesamekindofworld.Afterherdeath,theemployeesofTheWashingtonPostwrote:AworldwithoutKatharineGrahamwillnotbethesameatall.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyCatyWeaver.mDougJohnson.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
