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1、美国名人开发商詹姆斯罗斯JamesRousewasalanddeveloperwhobuiltshoppingmallsandaplannedcitynearWashington,D.C.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapiduswithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutJamesRouse.HewasadeveloperwhofoundnewwaystoimproveAmericancities.(THEME)VOICEONE:Itwasagraydayinnineteenseventy-th
2、ree.JamesWilsonRousegotoffatraininBoston,Massachusetts.Hehadcometoseeaveryoldbuildingthatwasalmostempty.MisterRouseownedacompanythatdevelopedproperty.Anotherofficialofthecompanywasonthattrip.Theofficialrememberedthatthebuildinglookedterrible.Partofitwasburnedout.Itwasfilledwithholeswhereratslived.Ye
3、t,theofficialsaid:Jimwasveryhappy.Hesaiditwasgoingtobegreat.Themancouldseethingsnooneelsecouldsee.VOICETWO:ThedamagedbuildingJamesRousewasinspectingbecamethebeginningofBostonsfamousFaneuilHall.Repairedandrebuilt,itisanimportantpartofahistoricculturalcenterforstores,ethnicfoodsandstreetperformers.The
4、centerisdesignedtoshowlifeasitwasintheseventeenhundreds.MillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworldhavevisitedFaneuilHall.VOICETWO(CONT):FaneuilHallisjustoneofmanyfestivalmarketplacesthatJamesRousecreatedinthecentersofoldercities.Festivalmarketplacesarelargecentersforshopping,eatingandotherpleasantactivitie
5、s.HebuiltothermajorcentersinNewYorkCity;Baltimore,MarylandandMiami,Florida.HarborplaceinBaltimoreisagoodexampleofJamesRousesfestivalmarketplaces.Intheseventeenhundreds,thelandonwhichtheHarborplacedevelopmentwasbuiltservedasatradecenterforBaltimore.ManyshipssailedtoandfromthisareaoftheeasternAmerican
6、portcity.Overtheyears,however,thisbusy,successfulwaterfrontareachanged.Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,businesseswerefailing.Manybuildingswereemptyandinneedofmajorrepair.TheBaltimorecitygovernmentdecidedtoestablishaplantore-buildthearea.Theplancalledforawaterfrontdevelopmentthatwouldcombinebusiness
7、andpleasure.VOICETWO:JamesRousescompanywontherighttodeveloppartofthearea.TheprojectwastobecalledHarborplace.ThefirstpartofHarborplaceopenedinnineteeneighty.Laterinthenineteeneighties,theRouseCompanydevelopedanotherareacalledTheGalleryatHarborplace.Today,millionsofpeopleeachyearvisitHarborplaceandThe
8、GalleryinBaltimore,Maryland.Theyshopandeatinmanystoresandrestaurants.Theywatchmusic,dancingandplaysperformednearthewater.Andtheyenjoythemixofpeopleandactivitiesthatbringsnewlifetothecenterofthatoldcity.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JamesRousewasborninnineteenfourteen.Hisfamilylivedinafarmingareaontheeasternshoreo
9、fMaryland.Hisfatherandmotherdiedwithinafewmonthsofeachotherinnineteenthirty.Theylefttheirfivechildrenwithoutmuchmoney.Theparentsowedabankalotofmoneyfortheirhouse.Sothebankwasforcedtotakeawaythefamilyhome.Jameswasabletofindajobtopayforhiscollegeeducation.HelatergraduatedfromtheUniversityofMarylandLaw
10、Schoolinnineteenthirty-six.HebeganworkingforabankinBaltimore.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-nine,JamesRouseandabanker,HunterMoss,borrowedtwenty-fivethousanddollars.Theyformedacompanythatlentmoneytopeoplewhowantedtobuyhomes.DuringWorldWarTwo,MisterRouseservedasanofficerintheNavyinthePacificarea.Afterthewa
11、r,hereturnedtoBaltimore.Hisbusinessgrew.Itrepresentedbanksandprovidedloanstopeoplereturningfromthewarwhowantedtobuyhomes.JamesRousebecamearichman.Duringtheearlynineteen-fifties,healsobecameknownforsocialactionaswellaspropertydevelopment.Hetriedtoimproveapoor,undevelopedareaineastBaltimore.Themayorof
12、thecitysaidhewouldnotOffercompletesupportforaplantorebuildthepoorarea.SoMisterRouseresignedfromacitizenscommitteethatwassupportingtheplan.VOICEONE:Alsointhenineteenfifties,MisterRousebeganaprojectthatbroughthimnationalfame.HebeganbuildingsomeofthefirstenclosedshoppingcentersinAmerica.Hebuiltalotofth
13、eseshoppingmallsinMarylandandotherstates.Eachmallhadstoresandbusinessesinsidealargebuilding.Theywerebuiltoutsidecities,inthegrowinghousingareascalledsuburbs.JamesRousewantedtodeveloplandforthegoodofsocietyandtheenvironment,notjustforprofit.Inthenineteensixties,hedreamedofbuildingacompletenewcitybetw
14、eenWashington,D.C.andBaltimore,Maryland.HiscompanyboughttenpercentofthepropertyinHowardCounty,Maryland.Thecompanyboughtmorethanfifty-sevensquarekilometersoflandfromonehundredfortyseparateowners.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-three,JamesRouseannouncedthathiscompanywouldhelpbuildanewplannedcommunity.Bycreat
15、ingseparatevillageswithinthecommunity,itwastoseemlikeasmalltown.Eachvillagewouldhaveashoppingcenter,openspacesandhomes.ThenewcommunityofColumbia,Marylandbeganinnineteensixty-seven.Today,morethanninety-fourthousandpeopleliveinthecity.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenseventy-two,threemembersofaWashington,D.C
16、.churchcametovisitJamesRouse.ThethreebelongedtotheChurchoftheSaviour;whereJamesandPatriciaRousehadbeenmarried.ThewomenaskedMisterRouseforadviceaboutcreatinghousingforpoorpeopleintheAdamsMorganareaofWashington.ButMisterRousethoughtpeoplewhoknewnothingaboutdevelopment,moneyorbuildingcouldnotpossiblycr
17、eatelow-incomehousing.VOICETWO:Thewomendidnotgiveuptheirgoal.Instead,theyinvestedmoneytobuytwoapartmenthousebuildingsinAdamsMorgan.Thebuildingswereinterriblecondition.MisterRousehelpedthemgetsixhundredtwenty-fivethousanddollarstocompletethedeal.Healsohelpedthemgetonehundredtwenty-fivethousanddollars
18、torepairthebuildings.Theirprojectwashuge.Peopleworkedfornopayforfiftythousandhourstorepairthebuildings.Workerscleanedoutgarbageandrats.Peoplealsogaveadditionalfinancialhelpfortherestoration.Morethanninehundredhousingviolationswerecorrected.Thecompletedprojectprovidedninetyapartmenthomesforpoorpeople
19、.TheywerecalledJubileeHousing.VOICEONE:JamesandPatriciaRouseservedasadvisorsforJubileeHousing.MisterRouseretiredasheadofhisdevelopmentcompany.Then,innineteeneighty-two,theytookafurthersteptowardhelpingpoorandmiddle-incomepeople.Theyestablishedaneworganization,theEnterpriseFoundation.Theyusedprofitsf
20、romMisterRousescompanytostartthefoundation.ItsgoalistogivepoorpeopleinAmericaachancetoliveinclean,pleasantplaces.Sincethen,theEnterpriseFoundationhasworkedwiththousandsofcommunitygroupsandotherorganizations.Eachyearitprovidesthousandsofneworre-builthomesforpoorandmiddle-incomefamilies.(MUSIC)VOICETW
21、O:ManyexpertssaythatJamesRousehelpedshapethelookoftheUnitedStatesforyearstocome.Innineteenninety-five,PresidentClintongavehimthePresidentialMedalofFreedom.Itisthehighestawardaciviliancanreceive.Hewashonoredforhisworkrestoringthecentralareasofcities.PresidentClintonsaidthatJamesRouseslifewasbasedonas
22、trongbeliefintheAmericanspirit.JamesRousediedinnineteenninety-six.ButtheworkoftheEnterpriseFoundationcontinueswithhelpfromfamilymembers.OneoftheseistheRousesgrandson,EdwardNorton,amovieactor.Hedevelopedaprojecttohelppoorpeopleheattheirhomes.Itisajointprojectwiththeorganizationhisgrandparentsestablis
23、hed.TheinfluenceofJamesRousecontinuestodayinotherways.Developerscontinuetore-buildandimprovepoorareasofcities.AndmillionsofpeoplevisithistoriccenterslikeFaneuilHallandHarborplaceeveryyear.(THEME)ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.LawanDaviswasourproducer.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)
