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1、美国名人建筑师路易康1.ouisKhanHelpedDefineModernArchitectureplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:44repeatByDanaDemange2005-8-20VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Tday,wetellaboutLouisKahn.HeisconsideredoneofthemostimportantAmericanbuildingdesignersofthetwent
2、iethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.ouisKahnhelpeddefinemodernarchitecture.Architectureistheartandscienceofdesigningandbuildingstructuressuchashouses,museums,andofficebuildings.Kahnsarchitecturehasseveraldefiningqualities.Forexample,Kahnwasveryinterestedinthelookandfeelofthematerialsheused.Heusedbrickandc
3、oncreteinnewandspecialways.Kahnalsopaidcarefulattentiontotheuseofsunlight.Helikednaturallighttoenterhisbuildingsthroughinterestingkindsofwindowsandopenings.Kahnsworkcanalsobeidentifiedbyhiscreativeuseofgeometricshapes.Manyofhisbuildingsusesquares,circlesandthreesidedshapescalledtriangles.VOICETWO:1.
4、ouisKahnwasborninEstoniainnineteen-oh-one.WhenhewasfiveyearsoldhisfamilymovedtoPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.Evenasachild,LouisKahnshowedexcellenceasanartist.Whenhewasinschoolhispictureswonseveralcompetitionsorganizedbythecity.Inhighschool,Kahnstudiedarchitecturebriefly.HelaterwenttotheUniversityofPenns
5、ylvaniaandstudiedarchitecturefulltime.Hegraduatedinnineteentwenty-four.1.ouisKahnsbuildingshavemanyinfluences.SomeexpertssayhistriptoRome,Italyinnineteenfifty-oneinfluencedhimthemost.KahnspentafewmonthsasanarchitectwiththeAmericanAcademyinRome.HealsotraveledthroughotherpartsofItaly,GreeceandEgypt.Th
6、ere,hesawtheancientGreekandRomanruinsthatalsowouldinfluencehisworks.Hewasveryaffectedbythesizeanddesignoftheseruins.Theyhelpedinfluencehimtodevelopanarchitecturethatcombinesbothmodernandancientdesigns.OtherexpertsbelieveKahnwasalsoinfluencedbythepartofPhiladelphiawherehegrewup.Thereweremanyfactorybu
7、ildingswithlargewindows.Thesebrickstructureswereverysolid.ThisindustrialdesignisapparentinseveralofKahnsearlyworks.VOICEONE:KahnsfirstprojectsinvolvedbuildinghousinginPhiladelphia.HelaterreceivedgovernmentjobstodesignhousingduringWorldWarTwo.Innineteenforty-two,hebecameaheadarchitectofthePublicBuild
8、ingAdministration.KahnsfirstimportantprojectwastheYaleArtGalleryinNewHaven,Connecticutintheearlynineteenfifties.Theoutsideofthebuildingisverysimple.Thesurfaceismadeofbrickandlimestone.TheinsideofthegalleryshowsKahnsgreatartisticsense.Forexample,hecreatedatriangle-shapedwalkwayofstepsthatsitsinsidear
9、oundedconcreteshell.Thisbuildingwasverypopular.ItscompletionrepresentedanimportantstepinKahnsprofessionallife.Hewasnowafamousarchitect.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneofKahnsotherimportantbuildingsistheSalkInstitute,aresearchcenterinLaJollazCalifornia.Itwasbuiltinthenineteensixties.ThisstructurefurthershowshowKa
10、hnwasabletouniteformandfunction.Thismeanshisbuildingswerebeautifulandalsouseful.TheSalkInstitutehastwostructuresthatsurroundamarblegardenareaorcourtyard.Thisoutdoormarbleareaisalmostcompletelybare.TheonlydetailisasmallstreamofwaterrunningthroughthemiddleofthesquaretowardsthePacificOcean.Thissimplede
11、signisverystriking.Insidethebuildingaremanyroomsforlaboratories.Kahnwasverycarefultomakesuretheyallreceivednaturallightandaviewoftheocean.Helinkedtheindoorandoutdoorspacesinaverybeautifulway.VOICEONE:TheKimbellArtMuseuminFortWorth,TexasisanotherfamousbuildingbyLouisKahn.Somesayitishisbest.Kahnbuiltt
12、hismuseumintheearlynineteenseventies.Thislargemuseumhaslongroomswithcurvedorvaultedceilings.Inside,allofthewallscanbemovedtobestfittheartcollection.Kahnwasabletomaketheconcretematerialofthebuildinglookbothsolidandairy.Heusedsunlightandbodiesofwatertocreateatrulyspecialbuilding.Kahnoncesaidthisaboutt
13、heKimbellArtMuseum:Thebuildingfeels.thatIhadnothingtodowithit.thatsomeotherhanddidit.Thearchitectseemstosaythathewashelpedbysomehigherinfluence.Manypeoplefeelthathisarchitecturehasaveryspiritualandtimelessquality.Kahnmostlycreatedpublicbuildingssuchasmuseumsandlibraries.However,healsodesignedafewhou
14、ses.HismostfamoushomeistheFisherhousenearPhiladelphia.Itismadeofseveralbox-shapedbuildings.Thehouseismadeoutofglass,woodandstone.Manywindowsprovideaviewofthenearbytrees.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:1.ouisKahnalsodesignedbuildingsinothercountries,includingIndiaandBangladesh.Hislargestprojectwasaseriesofbuildingst
15、hatwouldbecomethegovernmentcenterofDhakazBangladesh.Thisstructureincludestheparliament,meetingrooms,offices,eatingplacesandevenareligiouscenter.Thisseriesofbuildingslookslikeanancienthomeforkings.Hugeroundedandbox-likebuildingshavewindowsintheshapeofcirclesandtriangles.Thestructureissurroundedbywate
16、r.Fromadistance,itappearstofloatonalake.Khanspentthelasttwelveyearsofhislifeontheproject.Itwascompletedinnineteeneighty-three,nineyearsafterhisdeath.BecauseofKahn,expertsSayfoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworldhasoneofthemostbeautifulpublicbuildingsonEarth.AllofKahnsbuildingsshareacommonsolidityandhea
17、viness.ExpertssaytheyareverydifferentfromtheworksofOtherfamousarchitectsoftheperiod.Thesearchitectspreferredlightandairybuildings.Theirweightless-lookingstructuresweremostlymadeofglassandmetal.Kahnusedstoneandconcretetomakemonumentalbuildings.Manyofhisstructureslookmoreancientthanmodern.(MUSIC)VOICE
18、ONE:1.ouisKahnwasanartistwhocreatedbeautifulworks.Buthewasnotaverygoodbusinessman.Hewouldchangehisdesignsmanytimes.Thiswouldmakeeachprojecttakeagreatdealoftimeandcostmoremoney.Themajorityoftheprojectshedesignedwereneverbuilt.Also,hedidnotliketocompromisehisdesignideastosatisfyabuyerswishes.Forthisre
19、asonandothers,Kahndidnotmakemanybuildings.Hisdesigncompanydidnotalwayshavemanyjobsormuchmoney.Infact,whenKahndied,hewasingreatdebt.Thisisespeciallyunusualsincehewasconsideredoneofthemostimportantarchitectsintheworld.VOICETWO:Intwothousandfour,MisterKahnsson,NathanielKahn,madeafilmabouthisfatherslife
20、.ThefilmiscalledMyArchitect.Itisinterestingformanyreasons,MyArchitectgivesahistoryofKahnslife.Thefilmpresentsthearchitectandhisbuildings.YoucanseeKahnworkingathisdeskandtalkingwithhisbuilders.Youcanalsoseehimteachinguniversitystudents.Youcantellthathehadgreatenergy.ThefilmalsoshowsagreatdealaboutKah
21、nsprivatelife.Kahnhadawifeanddaughter.Buthealsohadtwootherfamilies.Kahnhadachildwitheachoftwootherwomenthathewasnotmarriedto.Inthefilm,NathanielKahndescribesvisitsfromhisfather.Hesaysthatasachildhedidnotunderstandwhyhisfatherdidnotlivewithhimandhismotherallofthetime.VOICEONE:InMyArchitect/NathanielK
22、ahnmeetshisfathersotherchildren.Theytalkaboutwhatitwasliketohavesuchafamousandhard-workingfather.Theyalsodiscusswhatitwaslikehavingafatherwithsomanyfamilysecrets.ManyquestionsareleftunansweredaboutKahn.Yet,thefilmhelpstellaveryinterestingstoryaboutaveryimportantman.LouisKhandiedinnineteenseventy-fou
23、r.Yethisinfluenceliveson.WhileteachingattheUniversityofPennsylvania,hetrainedmanyfuturebuilders.Somestudentshavebecomeimportantarchitects.AndKahnsarchitecturehasremainedfreshandtimeless.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyDanaDemange.ItwasproducedbyDanaDemangeandLawanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.
