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1、-QTheEvocfionOfInternationalEnergyAqencynergyEfficiencyPO=CyfoSUPPOrt cannergyTrans王OnSINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYTheIEAexaminestheIEAmemberIEAassociationfullspectrumofenergyissuescountries:countries:includingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency
2、,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond.AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIr
3、elandItalyJapanKorea1.ithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTiirkiyeArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineThispublicationandanyUnitedKingdommapincludedhereinarewithoutpreju
4、dicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,totheUnitedStatesdelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,TheEuropeancityorarea.CommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEASource: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.orqeAcknowledgementsThisreportwasprepar
5、edbytheOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandInclusiveTransitions(EEIT)oftheDirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurity(EMS)oftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).ThereportwasledbyEmmaMooney.OtherleadauthorsofthereportwereClaraCamarasa,SungjinOh5AlisonPridmore,VidaRoziteandFabianVoswinkel.OtherIEAcolleagueswhocontribut
6、edtothisworkinclude(inalphabeticalorder):FedericoCallioni,JuliaDallard,GabrielDuguey5KristinaKlimovich,BrendanReidenbach5MaxSchoenfisch,andAnthonyVautrin.AdditionalcontributionsweremadebyPatrickCrittenden(SustainableBusinessGroup).TheworkbenefitedfromstrategicguidancebyKeisukeSadamori,DirectorofEner
7、gyMarketsandSecurity,andofBrianMotherway,HeadoftheOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandInclusiveTransitions.Thereportwasinformedbytheinsightsgatheredduringtwohigh-levelexpertworkshopsonModernisingEnergyEfficiencyPolicyn,thefirstheldon28February2023andthesecondattheIEAEnergyEfficiencyWorkingPartymeetingheldon2
8、7September2023.ThanksalsogototheIEACommunicationsandDigitalOffice(CDO)fortheirhelpinproducingthepublication,especiallytoAstridDumond,ClaraValloisandThereseWalsh.WethankErinCrumforcopy-editingthemanuscript.Finally,thereportbenefitedfromtheexpertiseandsupportprovidedbyJapan,sMinistryofEconomyTradeandI
9、ndustry,aspartofJapanspresidencyoftheG7.KeytakeawaysGovernments,businessesandcitizensaroundtheglobearefacingthechallengeofclimatechangeandhowtoacceleratetheglobalcleanenergytransitiontoreachnetzeroemissionsby2050atthelatest.Governmentsandcitizensneedtoactnow,withincreasedambition,toadoptpoliciesandp
10、rogrammesaimedatthedeliveryofcleanenergytransitions.Centraltoreducingenergy-relatedemissionsarethemoveawayfromfossilfuelusetoelectrifiedsystems;significantandsustainedimprovementsinenergyefficiency;andanincreaseinrenewableelectricitygenerationcapacity.Implementingtherequiredsolutionscomeswithsubstan
11、tialchallengesforgovernmentsandpolicymakers.Asourenergysystemprogressivelyelectrifies,theneedforincreasedsystemflexibilityanddemand-responsemeasuresbecomesessentialindeliveringasecure,reliableandaffordableenergyfuture.Thisreportoutlinesthewaysinwhichenergyefficiencypoliciescanevolvetodelivertheenerg
12、ysystemthatisneededforrapidchangenowandfortheenergysystemofthefuture.Thekeymessagesare: Whendesignedtodoso,energyefficiencypoliciesresultinginareductioninoverallenergyintensitycanalsodelivertheflexibility,managementanddemand-responsethatarenecessarytoacceleratecleanenergytransitions. Energyefficienc
13、ypoliciesthatprioritisepeoplecanbuildconnectionsbetweenenergyconsumersandtheenergysystemthatservesthem-avitalelementinachievingquickactionandinclusivetransitions. Evolvingenergyefficiencypoliciescanincludeleverstodirect,manageandshapechangesinenergysystems.Inthisreportweidentifytwomaincategoriesofle
14、verstoacceleratecleanenergytransitions:namely,flexibilityleversandengagementlevers. Flexibilityleversaddressaspectsoftheelectricalsystemandthewaysinwhichitcanbeoperatedandengagedwithtoensureaccess,reliability,responsivenessandaffordability. Engagementleversacttoputconsumersatthecentreoftheenergysyst
15、emandfocusonthewayinwhichpeopleengagewiththeenergysystem,whetherthroughtakingdeliberatedecisionsorthroughpromptedactionsorbehaviours.Thisreportguidespolicymakerstowardsthedevelopmentofpoliciesthatincorporateflexibilityandengagementleverstohastenthedeliveryoftheenergysystemrequiredforcleanenergytrans
16、itions.Thechallengeisconsiderablebut,asthisreportdemonstrates,governmentshavealreadybeguntheprocessoftransformingtheirenergyefficiencypoliciestoaddressit.Whafsmore,governmentshavethetools,technologiesandmeasuresavailabletodaytonotonlyhelpmeetthechallengebuttoincreaseambitionandaccelerateglobalprogre
17、ssoncleanenergytransitions.IntroductionInADril2023,theGroupofSeven(G7)countriespledgedtogloballyadvanceandpromoteagreentransformation,workingtogethertorealisetransformationofeconomiestoreachGHGnetzeroby2050atthelatest.Inaddition,theyhighlightedthereal,urgentneedandopportunitytoincreaseenergysecurity
18、andacceleratecleanenergytransitionsatthesametimebydiversifyingsupply,sourcesandroutesincludingbyrapidlydeployingclean,safe,sustainableandaffordableenergyandenhancingenergyefficiencysignificantly.ThePathtoachievin15Chasnarrowed,andthoughthegrowthofcleanenergyiskeepingthepathopen,weneedtoraiseourambit
19、ionandgomuchfasterinordertoachieveournetzeroemissionsgoals.Thekeyactionsrequiredtobendtheemissionscurvesharplydownwardsby2030arewellunderstood-wehavethetechnologiesandmeasuresavailabletoday.Increasedenergyefficiencyanddemand-sidemanagementplayacentralroleinthisacceleration.Well-designedandimplemente
20、dcleanenergypolicies,includingenergyefficiencypolicies,arerequiredtofacilitateareductioninfossilfueldemandandcreatesupportcleanenergyexpansion.IntheNetZeroEmissionsby2050Scenario(NZEScenario),stronggrowthincleanenergyandotherpolicymeasurestogetherleadtoenergysectorCo2emissionsfallingby35%by2030compa
21、redwith2022.AspartofJapan,spresidencyoftheG7,Japan,sMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustryrequestedtheIEAtoexaminetheevolutionofenergyefficiencypoliciesinthecontextofcleanenergytransitions.TheaimwastosupportdiscussionsamongG7countriestoprovideinsightsanddirectionfortheG7energyandclimateagenda.Thisproces
22、s,whichincludedthedeliveryoftwoworkshopsandthedevelopmentofaconceptbrochure,hasculminatedinthisreport.Thisreportoutlinesthechangingenergysystemandshowswhytraditionalenergyefficiencypoliciesmustevolve,globally,toensurecleanenergytransitions.Itproposesawayinwhichpoliciescanevolvetoaddresssystem-wideen
23、ergyefficiencyaspectssuchasflexibilityanddecarbonisation,aswellasthecentralroleofpeopleinthecleanenergytransition.Finally,thereportprovidesinsightsintopolicydevelopmentsinmajoreconomies,includinginnovativeapproachesthatfocusondemandresponserequirementsinbuildingsandequipment,vehiclefueleconomy-relat
24、edregulations,andindustryreportingsystems.ThechangingenergysystemThenecessitytomeetclimatetargets,combinedwiththeincreasinglystrongeconomiccaseforcleanenergyandtheever-presentneedforenergysecurity,iscausingrapidchangeintheenergysector.Butmoreneedstobedoneandatamuchfasterpacetoreachnetzeroby2050.Clea
25、nenergytransitionsW川requiresubstantialgrowthinrenewableelectricitygenerationandasignificantimprovementinenergyintensity-ameasureofhowefficientlytheglobaleconomyusesenergy,alongwithamixofothermeasuresincludingtheincreaseindeploymentofallavailablelow-carbontechnologies,suchasnuclearandcarboncapture,ut
26、ilisationandstorage(CCUS),andanincreaseintheuseoflow-emissionfuelssuchashydrogenandbiofuels.IntheNZEScenario,triplingtheinstalledcapacityofrenewablesanddoublingtherateofenergyintensityimprovementsbefore2030arecentraltothetransformationoftheenergysector.Totalinstalledcapacityandelectricitygenerationb
27、ysourceintheNetZeroby2050Scenario,2010-2050Electricity generationInstalled capacity Solar PV Other renewables Coal unabated Windo Nuclear Natural gas unabatedOoo 4 3 2 qV PUeSnoUH Hydro Hydrogen and ammonia Oil Bioenergy and waste Fossil fuels with CCUS BatteriesIEA.CCBY4.0.Source:IEA(2023),NetZeroR
28、oadmap:AGIObalPathWaVoKeePthe1.5CGOalinReach.IntheNZEScenario,clean,reliableelectricityisattheheartofcleanenergytransitions.However,thedeliveryoftheadditionalelectricitywewillneed,fromcleanrenewablesourcesinasecureandreliableway,canbeachievedonlythroughastepchangeintheflexibilityoftheenergysector.Fl
29、exibilityistheabilityofapowersystemtomanagethevariabilityofdemandandsupplyreliablyandeffectively.Itrangesfromensuringtheinstantaneousstabilityofthepowersystemtosupportinglong-termsecurityofsupply.Electricitysystemflexibilityrequiressignificantgrowthofadiversesetoftechnologiesandactionsinwhichbatteri
30、esanddemandresponseplaycriticalrolesinthedeliveryofshorttermflexibility.CO2emissionsreductionsbymitigationmeasureintheNetZeroby2050Scenario,2022-2050 ActivityMitigationmeasures WindandsolarPVDemand-side measures Behaviourandavoideddemand EnergyefficiencyElectrificationOtherfuelshifts HydrogenCCUSIEA
31、.CCBY4.0.Source:IEA(2023),NetZeroRoadmap:AGlObalPathWaVtoKeeDthe1.5CGOalKReach.Intandemwiththeincreasedelectrificationoftheenergysystem,progressonenergyintensityneedstoincreasequicklyanddramatically.Atthegloballevel,energyintensityimprovementsstemfromthreeequallyimportantactions:improvingthetechnica
32、lefficiencyofequipment,switchingtomoreefficientfuels,andusingenergyandmaterialsmoreefficiently.TheincreaseinenergyefficiencyintheNZEScenariosavestheenergyequivalentofalloilconsumptioninroadtransporttoday,reducesemissions,boostsenergysecurityandimprovesaffordability.Intermsofpolicyresponsetothechangi
33、ngenergysystem,IEAanalysisshowsthatgovernmentscancreateearlymomentumbyfocusingonareasinwhichpolicyfoundationsarealreadyinplace.Forexample,existingtaxcreditsorgrantstoincentivisetheadoptionofresidentialheatpumpscanbeswiftlyscaledupusingthesameapplicationprocessesandrules.Similarly,itismucheasiertobui
34、ldonexistingsystemsforenergyefficiencystandardsforbuildings,appliancesorvehiclesthantostartfromscratch.Manycountrieshavestandardsinplacethatareoutdatedorsetwellbelowwhatisconsideredbestpractice.Improvingthesewouldprovideaquickwin.Regulationsthatwerepreviouslybasedonminimisingenergyusehavechangedover
35、timetofocusonreducingcarbonemissions.Forexample,fueleconomystandardsareincreasinglybasedon(tailpipe)GHGemissionscomplementingvehicleenergyefficiency,asintheUnedStates,providingincentivesforelectricvehicles(EVs).Similarly,energyefficiencypoliciesarebeginningtoincludeandaddressflexibilityandgridconsid
36、erations,aswiththeCaliforniaEnergyCommissionFIoXibIeDemandAPPIianCeStandardSforPoolCOntroISandtheAustraliandemandresponseCaPabiIitVreauirementsforinstallationOfallairConditioninQtypes.Toimplementenergyefficiencymeasures,acomprehensivepolicypackageisessential.TheIEAPOliCVPaCkaaeSpresentapracticalappr
37、oachtopolicydesignandimplementationbuiltonthefoundationofthreeessentialelements:regulation,informationandincentives.Thisbundleofmeasuressupportsthetransitiontoincreasedenergyperformancelevelsandenhancedenergysystemflexibility.Analysisofasectorusingthelensofenergyefficiencypolicypackageshighlightsthe
38、keypoliciesavailabletogovernments,andhowtheycanbeintegratedintoaneffectiveoverallcoherentsuiteofpoliciesandactionstodeliverfasterandstrongerefficiencygains.IEA.CCBY4.0.Carefuldesignandimplementationofpolicypackageswilldeliverefficiency,sfullpotentialtoenhancesecurity,createjobs,increaselivingstandar
39、ds,cutenergyNilsandreduceemissions.Usingthepolicypackageapproach-includingregulation,informationandincentivemechanismsinpolicydesign-providesaprovenframeworkthroughwhichenergyefficiencypolicycandeveloptodeliverearlyimpactandserveasafoundationtofurtherevolvingpoliciestorampupimplementation.Evolutiono
40、fenergyefficiencypoliciestosupportelectrification,flexibilityanddemandresponseRegulationIncentivesInformationBuildingsBuildingcodes* Solarphotovoltaic(PV)* Demandresponse,e.g.,heatpumps* SmartEVchargingMEPSforappliances* DemandresponseEnergyEfficiencyObligations*Carbon-basedobligations*Peakdemandtar
41、getsEnergyPerformanceCertificates*FueltoGHGTransportFueleconomystandards* FueltoGHG* ICEphase-out* EVbonus* EV-to-gridbonusDemandincentiveschemes*SubsidiesdirectedtoEVs*EVchargersubsidiesEnergylabel*FueltoGHG*EV-to-gridbonusIndustryIndustryagreements*EnergytoGHG* Electrification(e.g.,heatpumps)* Dem
42、andresponserequirementsSubsidies,grants*Carbon-reductionbasedEnergyandcarbonreporting* AddingGHGreporting* DemandresponsereportingNotes:MEPS=minimumenergyperformancestandards;ICE=internalcombustionengine.Energyefficiencyalreadyplaysanessentialroleinthepathtonetzero,butitcanandshouldbeleveragedtocont
43、ributeevenmore.Energyefficiencypoliciesthatresultinareductioninoverallenergyintensitycanalso,whendesignedtodoso,delivertheflexibility,assetvisibilityanddemandresponsethatisrequiredforcleanenergytransitions.Furthermore,energyefficiencypoliciesthatprioritisepeopleandinclusivitycanbuildconnectionsbetwe
44、enenergyconsumersandtheenergysystemthatservesthem-avitalelementinachievingquickactionandinclusiveCIearenergytransitions.LeverstobeincorporatedinevolvingenergyefficiencypoliciesWhilereducingenergyuseandincreasingintensitythroughincreasedenergyefficiencyisvitaltoachievingnetzerogoals,thereareleverstha
45、tcanbeincludedinevolvingenergyefficiencypoliciesthatW川supportcleanenergytransitionsfurther.Thesecanbeseparatedintotwocategories:1)flexibilitylevers;and2)engagementlevers,althoughthereissomeoverlapbetweenthetwocategories.Flexibilityleversaregenerallyrelatedtotheelectricalsystem,andthewaysinwhichitcan
46、beoperatedandengagedwith,toensureaccess,reliability,responsivenessandaffordability.Flexibilityleversaredatadrivenandrelyheavilyondigitalisation,communicationandresponsivenessofthesystem.IntheAnnouncedPledgesScenario(APS)short-termflexibilitywillneedtomorethanquadruplebetweentodayand2050inresponseton
47、ewsupplyanddemandpatterns.ThisflexibilityW川besuppliedbyamixofmeasuresincludingcurtailment,thermal,hydroandbattery,anddemandresponse,withbatteriesanddemandresponseemergingascrucialsuppliersofshort-termflexibility.DriversofflexibilitydemandandsupplyofflexibilitybysourceintheAnnouncedPledgesScenarioSea
48、sonalFlexibility needs driver2050Short term5202220302050 Demand Wind Solar PVFlexibility supply Curtailment Thermal Hydro Batteries Demand responseIEA.CCBY4.0.Notes:Forthisfigure,flexibilityisdefinedastheabilityofapowersystemtoreliablyandcosteffectivelymanagethevariabilityofdemandandsupply.Itrangesfromensuringtheinstantaneousstabilityofthepowersystemtosupportinglong-termsecurityofsupply.S
