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1、Methodology of English Teaching,英语教学法,“追求方法”：二十世纪八十年代之前“教无定法”：后方法时代,英语教学论是一门研究中小学英语教学目的、教学内容、教学目标、教学过程、教学原则、教学模式、教学科研的理论与实践的基本原理、一般规律、主要方法等，以全面培养学生面向未来的基础性的英语运用能力和基础性的综合素质的学科。,Introduction,Brief Introduction of the Course and Course Plan,课程学习参考书目,Unit 1 Language and Learning,View on languageViews on
2、 language learningWhat makes a good language teacher?,What is language?,语言的本质与语言教学的本质特征语言的定义（definition of language)语言的本质特征（nature of language)交际工具符号系统思维工具和文化载体特殊的生理基础,（Views on the nature of language have an impact on the teaching/learning method of a person）对语言教学本质的理解及其对教学实践的影响,Views on Lanuage,Th
3、e Structural View(结构主义）The functional View（功能主义）The interactional View（相互作用理论或交互理论）,The Structural View,The structural view sees language as a linguistic system.(Language is a system of structuring related elements to code meaning,for example,grammar.Rf.A Course for ELT)语言的本质是由结构上相互联系的单位组成的、用来表达一定意义
4、的结构系统。,The system of language=the system of sound+the system of words+they system of grammar+,sentences phrases words morphemes（词素）(the smallest meaningful unit)phonemes（音素，音位）(the smallest unit),The purpose of language learning,To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be a
5、ble to understand and produce language.语言学习的目标被认为是掌握该系统中各种成分，即音位、语法单位、词汇等）,Impact on language teaching,Audiolingual approach（听说法）Total Physical Method（全身反应法）The Silent Way（沉默法）,The functional View,The functional view sees language as a linguistic system and as a means for doing things.(Language is a
6、 vehicle to express or accomplish a certain function,such as requiring sth.Learner learn a language in order to be able to do things with it.)认为语言既是一个符号体系，也是一种交际工具,语言是表达交际功能的载体。强调语言的语义和交际特点，而不是语言的语法特征有意念-功能教学大纲（Notion-function Syllabus)交际法教学,Functions of language,E.g.offering suggestion advising apo
7、logizing etc.,Notion,Purpose of using notion:To perform functionWhat is notionrules and vocabulary are constructed to express notionsExamples:Present time,past time and future timeCertainty and possibilityAgent and instrumentRelationship between people and objects,Interactional View,sees language as
8、 a communicative tool(build up and maintain relations between people)语言是实现人际关系和进行个人之间社会交往的工具。,Two things are needed for communicationrules of language form(grammar&vocabulary):to speak the language grammatical correctlyrules of language uses in a context:Is it appropriate to use this item in this co
9、ntext or given situation?,The Process-oriented Theories（过程导向理论）How the mind organizes new informatione.g.habit information,induction,making inference,hypothesis testing and generalizationThe Condition-oriented Theories（条件导向理论）Emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language l
10、earning takes placeE.g.the number of students,the kind of input learners receive,and learning atmosphere,Views on Language Learning,The Behaviorist Theory,Watson and RaynorStimulus-response theory of psychologyAccording to this theory,all complex forms of behaviour-motions,habits are seen as element
11、s that can be observed and measured.Skinner:language is a form of behaviourLanguage teaching in USA:Audio-lingual Method(the listen and repeat drills)Language is learned by constant repetition and reinforcement of the teacherMistakes were immediately corrected,The Cognitive Theory,ChomskyLanguage is
12、 not a form of behaviour,it is a complicated rule-based system.(Language is a rule-governed)There are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with knowledge of these rules an infinite number of sentences can be produced(language is generative),The impact of Chomskys theory on language
13、 teachingStudents should be allowed to create their own sentences based on their understanding of certain rules.This idea is clearly opposition to the audio-lingual method.,Constructivist Theory,Learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what h
14、e/she already knows.Learning in generalEducation is used to develop the mind,not just to rote recall what is learned.John Deway,Socio-constructivist Theory,Emphasize interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of“Zone of Proximal Development”and scaffolding(脚手架理论）.,What makes a good language teacher?,Qualities of a good language teacherEthic devotionProfessional qualitiesPersonal stylesTeachers professional development,
