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1、美国名人歌唱家保罗罗伯逊（1）PaulRobesonPt.1playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByShelleyGollust2004-1-3(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeV-O-ASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutPaulRobesonROBEason.Hewasasinger,actor;andcivilrightsactivist.IntheNineteen-Thirties,h
2、ewasoneofthebestknownandmostwidelyhonoredblackAmericans.LaterinhislifehewascondemnedforsupportingcommunismandtheSovietUnion.(THEME)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwasborninPrincetonzNewJerseyinEighteen-Ninety-Eight.HisfatherwasaformerslavewhobecamethereligiousleaderofaProtestantchurch.Paulwasanexcellentstudenta
3、ndathlete.RutgersUniversityinNewJerseygavehimmoneysohecouldstudythere.HeplayedfourdifferentsportswhileatRutgers.Healsowasthetopstudentinhisclass.MembersofhisclassbelievedPaulRobesonwouldbecometheleaderofblackpeopleinAmerica.VOICETWO:PaulRobesongraduatedfromRutgersinNineteen-Nineteen.Heattendedlawsch
4、oolatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.HewasonlythethirdblackpersontoattendColumbiaLawSchool.Ontheweekends,heearnedmoneybyplayingprofessionalfootball.Healsoactedinplays.HemarriedEslandaCordozaGoodewhilehewasinlawschool.AfterhegraduatedinNineteen-Twenty-Three,hegotajobwithagroupoflawyersinNewYork.Howev
5、er,heleftwhenheexperiencedunfairtreatmentbecausehewasblack.Hedecidednottoworkasalawyer.Instead,hewantedtousehisabilityintheaterandmusictosupportAfrican-Americanhistoryandculture.VOICEONE:Robesonbecameaprofessionalactor.HejoinedtheProvincetownPlayers,anactinggrouplinkedtoAmericanplaywrightEugeneONeil
6、l.RobesonwasthestarintwofamousproductionsbyEugeneONeillintheNineteen-Twenties.TheywereAllGodsChillunGotWingsandTheEmperorJones.Criticspraisedhisperformances.Robesonbecamethemostrecognizedblackactorofhistime.VOICETWO:InLondon,heearnedinternationalpraiseforhisleadingpartinWilliamShakespearesgreattragi
7、cplay,Othello.ThatwasinNineteen-Thirty.Thirteenyearslater,heplayedOthelloonBroadwayinNewYork.Itwasverypopular.InOthello/RobesonplayedanAfricangeneralinancientVenice.Heismarriedtoayoungwhitewoman.Othellokillshiswifeafterbeingtrickedintobelievingthatshelovessomeoneelse.ThisishowPaulRobesonsoundedinOth
8、ello.(MUSIC:MONOLOGUEFROMOTHELLO)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonalsowasfamousforappearinginthepopularAmericanmusicalplayShowBoat.HeperformedtheplayinLondoninNineteen-Twenty-EightandonBroadwayfouryearslater.Heplayedariverboatworker.JeromeKernwrotethemusicforShowBoat.PaulRobesonsangthesong0ManRiver.(MUSIC:,0L,MA
9、NRIVER)VOICETWO:PaulRobesonappearedinelevenmoviesintheNineteen-TwentiesandNineteen-Thirties.However,herealizedthathisactingwaslimitedbythesmallnumberofpartsforblackactors.HecriticizedtheAmericanmovieindustryfornotshowingthereallivesofblackpeopleinAmerica.Hestoppedmakingmoviesanddecidedtosingprofessi
10、onallyinstead.Robesonsangmanykindsofmusic.Hesangfolkmusicfrommanycountries.Hesangsongstosupportthelaborandsocialmovementsofhistime.Hesangsongsforpeaceandjustice.And,hesangAfrican-Americanspiritualmusic.Oneofhisfamoussongswasthisspiritual,BalminGilead.(MUSICnBALMINGILEAD)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwasrecogn
11、izedaroundtheworldforhisfightforcivilrightsforblackAmericans.SeparationofblackpeopleandwhitepeoplewaslegalintheUnitedStates.Blackpeopledidnothavethesamerightsaswhitepeople.Theywerenottreatedequally.Forexample,RobesoncouldnotbeservedinsomeeatingplacesintheUnitedStates.Violenceagainstblackpeoplewascom
12、mon.Angrymobsofwhitessometimeskilledblackpeople,especiallyinthesouthernUnitedStates.VOICETWO:InthelateNineteen-Thirties,PaulRobesonbecameinvolvedinnationalandinternationalmovementsthatsoughtpeaceandbetterlaborconditions.HealsosupportedindependenceforAfricancoloniesfromtheirEuropeanrulers.Helearnedth
13、elanguagesandfolksongsofothercultures.HesaidthesefolksongsexpressedthesamefeelingsthatwereinAfrican-Americanmusic.Helearnedtospeak,writeandsinginmorethantwentylanguages.VOICEONE:RobesontraveledagreatdealinEuropeduringtheNineteen-Thirties.HefoundthatblackpeopleweretreatedbetterinEuropethanintheUnited
14、States.Hemetmembersofliberalpoliticalorganizations,socialistsandAfricannationalists.Healsometmanyworkingpeopleandpoorpeople.Formanyyears,heperformedinconcertsinmanycountries.ThesongshesangsupportedthestruggleforracialjusticeforblackAmericans,andforcivilrightsandeconomicjusticeforpeoplearoundtheworld
15、.Herefusedtoperformatconcertswherethepeoplewereseparatedbyrace.Hesaid,Theideaofmyconcertsistosuggestthatallmenarebrothersbecauseoftheirmusic.VOICETWO:InNineteen-Thirty-FourzPaulRobesonmadethefirstofmanytripstotheSovietUnion.IntheSovietUnion,hesaid,hewastreatedasanequalofwhitesforthefirsttimeinhislif
16、e.HedeclaredhisfriendshipfortheSovietUnion.Andhespokeabouttheneedforpeacefulco-existencebetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.ConservativegroupsintheUnitedStatesstronglyopposedhisfriendshipwiththeSovietUnionandhissupportforotherliberalissues.VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwenttoSpaininNineteen-Thirty-Eightdu
17、ringtheSpanishCivilWar.HesangforSpanishcivilians.AndhesangfortheLoyalistforcesfightingfortheSpanishrepublic.OneofthesongshesangwasthisSpanishLoyalistsong,TheFourInsurgentGenerals.(MUSIC:THEFOURINSURGENTGENERALS)VOICETWO:IntheNineteen-Forties,manypeopleintheUnitedStateswerestronglyopposedtoPaulRobesonspoliticalbeliefs.Theysaidhewastooliberalorextreme.Nextweek,wewilltellyouabouthowoppositiontohispoliticalbeliefsaffectedthelastpartofhislife.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollustandproducedbyLawanDavis.
