《联合国贸易发展委员会-衡量全球工业大麻产品出口（英）-2024.3_市场营销策划_2024年市场报告.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《联合国贸易发展委员会-衡量全球工业大麻产品出口（英）-2024.3_市场营销策划_2024年市场报告.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。
1、2024.UnrtedNationsThisworkisavailablethroughopenaccess,bycomplyingwiththeCreativeCommonslicencecreatedforintergovernmentalOrQaniZations,atprhC00Tefindrjs.intrpretatisandconclusionsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNationsxitsofficiatexMemberStates.Thedes
2、ignationsemployedandtheprsetatiofmaterialanymapinthisworkdono(implytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNatkxisconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountrv.territdashHbetweenyearssignifiesthefullperiodinvolved,includingthehitialandfinalyears.A*l,Gylbl.FIHOFederationofinternationalhemporgan
3、izationsHSHarmonizedSystem(HarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSvstenitinful(WorldCustomsOrQanization)NTMNOntariffmeasureTHCTBtrahYdroCannabinOlUNCOMTRADEUnitedNatiOnSCommodityTradeStatistics(database)UNCTADUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentTableofcontents1. Introduction12. Hempproducts
4、ininternationalandnationalproductclassifications12.1 Hecnpversuscannabis22.2 HempintheHSclassification22.3 Hempinnationalclassificatis33. CalculatingWortdexportsofhempproducts43.1 Hempsseedsandbwxodcts-43.2 Hempfibersandyam73.3 Processedtextiles124. Concludingremarks14Annex161. IntroductionTheincomp
5、letecoverageofhempproductsintradestatisticsposesachallengetoQaininQathotouhUnderstandinaofexistinaindustrialhemomarkets,indudinthevaluationofk)balexportsforeachspecifichempproduct.Ininternationaltradestatistics,particularlyintheUNCOMTRADE,databaseusingthesix-diqitleveloftheHarmonizedSystem(HS)classi
6、fication,onlythreehemp-relatedproductsareincluded.Otherrecognizedhempproducts,suchashempseeds,lackdedicatedsix-digitHScodes.Thisimpliesthatasubstantialportionofhempproducttrade,theextentofwhichisunknown,remainsunacuntedforininternationalproductclassifications.Toobtainamorempreensiveunderstandingofth
7、escaleandcompositionofinternationaltradeinhempproducts,thisstudyexplorednationalsourcesoftradestatisticsinadditiontotheinformationprovidedbyUNCOMTRADE.However,nationalclassifications,thoughalignedwiththeWOddCustomsOrganizationHSclassificationuptosixdigits,divergebevondthatlevel.Thisdiscreoancvinprod
8、uctdefinitionsamonvariousnationaltradestatisticsmpiicatscompahsos,necessitatinqaQQreatonatthe6-d*itleveltoestimateglobalvalues.Basedontheinformationgatheredfromthesesources.12additionalHS&digitproductCateQOn.ThissuggeststhatthemagnitudeofglobalexportsofbenpproductsisSiqnificanttyunderestimatedbythed
9、ataavailableinthelattersource.Intotal,bycombininginformationfrombothUNCOMTRADEandnationaltradestatisticssources,itisaooroximatedthataround60countriesenaedintheexDortofvariousindustrialhempproductsfrom2019to2022.Approximatelyone-thirdoftheseexportinnationsareclassifiedasdevelopingcountries.NortAmeric
10、aandEuropearetheregionsmostDrominentivinvokedinher11DDroductexportsfollowedbvAsiaandSouthAmerica.Chinastandsoutasthemostdiversifiedcountryintermsofhenpproductexports?followedbyIndia,theUnitedStates,Canada,andseveralEuropeannations.ThisNoteisorganizedasfollows.Section2discusseshempproductsvefageinnat
11、ionalandIbeinternationalHSclassifications.Section3providesselectedyearlyandquarterlyinformationaboutexportsofhempproductsacrossthreecategories:seeds,fibersandprocessedtextilesSectk)n4providessomeconcludingremarks.2. HempproductsininternationalandnationalproductclassificationsTeHarmonizedSystemHS)isa
12、standardizednumericalmethodforClaSSifyinQtradedproducts,assigningspecificsix-digitcodestovariousclassificationsandcommodities.Adoptedby212countries,ter11tones,customsunions,oreconomicunions,itservesastherSeeMtDS/ComtradeDIUS.uo0/jChnaexportsaNhe11oDruductsinductedinnationalandntemationaldassfcatio11
13、sdiscussedbekw.foundationfortheirCustomstariffsandthecompilationofinternationaltradestatistics?ThemostrecenteditionofteHSclassification,implementedin2022,encompasses5.613HScodes.WMnl)rsareresoonstotelotmanammorethan9B%ofworldtrade.ThlullmmbersoisBvaiabteattts2zwMoycoomChXalmedaMCQWttokMal!lxfi4ODcDQ
14、meoCIailxeiamlewhCQatEaCtaKiaItieSstotwu11tnesZoouotnes_aDeDQ-bsdt2dtuwebItsfirstedition(i.e.theHS1988/92)counted5228图codes.4UNCTAD.2022.Commodrtvat-a-lanoe:SoeciaJissueOrIndustrialhemo.GenevaandNewY(Xkt1.eamcantooConMnCamaUnoMBMhouchtoamuchImoreMIhanIowwlnatoos.See,工Thisclassificationisfundamentalt
15、oallnationalproductclassifications.CountrieshavetheHeXibilitVtoextendtheinitialsixdiitsbvaddingIonoercodesformoredetailedclassificationpurposes.2.1 HempversuscannabisAsdiscussedextensivelyinUNCTAD(2022Findustrialhempandcannabisarethesameplant(i.e.theCannabiSSama1.)exceptforthecontentintheirftowerinq
16、topsfinTetrahydrocannabinol(THC)acannabinoidwrthpsychotropicpcoperties.CannabisreferstovarietiesoftheplantwitharelativelyhighTHCntentandareinmostcountriessubjecttospecificregulationsdefininqtheirIeqailyauthorizeduses.Suchdistinctionalsoappearsinproductclassifications.TheHSclassificationincludesOn卜on
17、eproductattheSdiaitlevelwithanexplicitreferencetoTHC.ItbelongstotheHeterocvclk:ComooundswithOXYQenetero-atom(三)onlyHS4-diitcategory(i.e29.32)andrrespondstoHScode2932.95definedasTtrahydrocanabinols(allisomers).IncountriesclassificationsdifferentqualificationsoftheCannabisSatig1.plantareadopteddependi
18、ngonwhetherthevarietiesunderconsiderationhavepsycotropcpcopertiesornot.Wbenpsychotropiceffectscanbeexpectedbytheconsumptionofthedescnbedproductthenthewordcannabisisusedalone.Chinaforinstance,usesthewordhempinthe12.11CateQorYtodefinethe1211.90.3930DrOdUetandthewordcannabistodefinetheproduct1301.90.90
19、20inthelacs,gumsandresinsSubcateqory.TeIeoalstatusoftheCannabiSSativa1.plantvarietyundernsiderationcanalsobementionedexDicittv.Itcanbeassociatedwithotherreferencessuchasmarijuanaorhashis.ArqentinaclassificationincludesCannabissatrva1.productsinthegroupoflac,naturalgums,resins,gum-resinsandOleoresins
20、whichareCleartyidentifiedasnarcotic,namelytheproductsbelongingtothe1301.90.90.1subgroupandcoded1301.90.90.11OWUruguay,foritspart,mentionsexplicitlytheTHCcontentindryweight.Theclassificationdistinguishesbetweenproductswitacontentbelow1percentfromproductswithacontentabove1percent.Whenproductshavenopsy
21、chotropicpropertiesbyessencethewordshemportruehemportehemp(CannabiSSatiVaUareused.IntheHSclassificationhempDroductsaredefinedashemo(CannaaSSatiVaUproducts.2.2 HempintheHSclassificationTheHSdassificationencompassesonlythreehempproductsasreportedinTableA.1oftheannex,eachassociatedwithadistinctlevelofp
22、rocessing.Tfirstproduct(HScode530210),definedasraworrettedbuttspunhemp.rresD011dstorawhempfibers.Thesecondproduct(HScode530290)Cateaodzedasprocessedhemp(otherthanretted)butnotson,truehemptowandwaste(idudinamwasteandoamettedSfoC依canbelinkedtosemi-processedhempfibers.Theinclusionoftowandwastemayrotbee
23、ntirelyjustified.astheymightbensidedby-productsratherthansecni-processedproducts.TheRepublicofKoceanationalclassificationmakesacleardistinctionbetweenthreesubproductsoftheHS5302.90product.Hemptowisseparatedfromhempwasteandfromotherprocessedhemo(butnotsoun).ThelasthemoDfodUCtaoDanintheHSclassificatio
24、n(HSCOde530820,shemoyamandrepresentsthemostprocessedoroductamonthethreeincludedintheHSclassification.TheEU-27considerstwodifferenttypesofhempyam(coded5308.20),namelyyamputupforretailsaleandyamputupbrwholesale.2.3 HempinnationalclassificationsOverall,about20hempproductsareaddedtotheonesincludedintheH
25、Sclassificationa$showninTableA.2.TheCanadianclassificationenmpassesthemostextensiverangeofhempproducts,spanningfromseedstocarpets.Similarly,theUnitedStatesclassificationincludesarelatrvevextensivearravofhemoproducts,veri11even.oroductdesVafVbevodsixdigits.Forinstance,seedsforsowingarecoded1207.99.00
26、11inCanadaand1207.99.0340intheUnitedStates.ThesamedistinctionbetweenusesexistsinAruentinaandMorocconatk)nalclassifications.Productcodesaredifferentagain.Seedsforsowingarecoded1207.99.10.1BinArgentinaand1207.99.1100inMoroc.Classifyingseedsfromsowingandseedsforotherusesdifferentlycanbemotivatedbythefa
27、ctthatdifferentregulationsapptydependingonthealuse.Inmostcases,seedsforsowingmustbdongtoapredeterminedsetofplantvarietiesinaccordancewithprevailingregulations.AnothertypeofdistinctionismadebyNewZealand.Threesubcategoriesarensidfd:wholeseeds(coded1207.99.00141.),hulledseeds(coded1207.99.0017E),andoth
28、ers(coded1207.99.0024H).Itcanbearguedthatifnodistinctionismadbetweenseedsforsowinandseedsforotheruses,aliedreulatonsmaybeperceivedastrestrictive.Seedsdonotntainanycannabinoidseventhoughsometracesduetontaminationcanstillbefound.Consequently,huledseedsorwholeseedsnotforsowingShoddnotbeconsideredaspote
29、ntiallyviolatingnarcoticsregulations.Thisalsoappliestohempoilsclassifiedunderthe15.15(vegetablefatsandoils)productcatQxyandOiIbWProdUCtsuchasoilcakeclassifiedunderthe23.06.AmongstthereviewedclassificationsonlythoseoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaincludebothtypesofproducts,aainwithdifferentcodesbeyondthesi
30、x-dksitlevel(2306.90).Thesecondmostrepresentedhempproductinnationalclassificationiswovenfabrics.SeveralcountriessuchJaoan.theUS.theRepublcofKoreaandChinaincludethatproductbeyondthe6-digitHSlevelwithinthe53.11(non-cottonwovenfabrics)categcxy.Boththeproductdefinitionandtheassociatedproductcodedifferac
31、rossnationalclassifications.Theadditionalhempproductsappearinginnationalclassificationsarec11tryspecific.Forinstance.NewZealandistheonlycountryreportedheretoincludehempflour(coded1208.90.001OBandhempmeal(coded1208.90.0015F).Chinaistheonlyuntrvconsideringhempinthe12.11HS4-diqitcategory(plantsandparts
32、ofplantsusedinpharmacy).Twine,cordagesandropesofhempareincludedintheUnitedKingdomclassifications(coded5607.90.9010),narrowwovenfabricsofhempareincludedbyAustralia(coded5806.39.10).Argentinaincludesseveralcodesrelatedtoaccessoriesinthe65.02(Hat-shapes)and65.04(hatsandotherheadgear)HS4-digitcategories
33、.Incertaininstances,productsubcategoriesthatextendbeyondthesix-digitleveldonotsolelyconsistofhemp-basedproducts.Anexampleisthecategoryofcarpetsandothertextilefloorcoverings(57.02),asspecifiedintheCanadiannationalclassification.Indeed,thissubcategoryencompassesnotonlyhempproductsbutalsothosemadefromf
34、laxtoworjute.Asimilarobservationholdstrueforsacksandbags(63.05)asdefinedinNewZealand,wherethesubcategoryencompassesitemscraftedfrombothhempandphormiumtenax(NewZealandflax).Althoughthefocusofthisnoteisonhempproducts,cannabisproductsfoundinnationalclassificationsareshowninTableA.3.Thelatteressentially
35、relatetoproductsretrievedfromcannabisflowersandrefertoeithermedicaloradultuse.SuchproductsareintroducedbyseveralcountriesinsevendifferentHS4-digitcategories:06.02(Uruguay),12.09(Uruguay,Canada),12.11(Canada,Japan,Indonesia,VietNam),13.01(Argentina,Canada,China,Indonesia,VietNam),13.02(Argentina,Cana
36、da,Japan,Indonesia,VietNam),and30.04(Japan,Canada).Themostrepresentedproductsinnationalproductclassificationsareresins,thatbelongtotheHS4-digit13.01category,andvegetablesapsandextracts,thatbelongtotheHS4-digit13.02category.3. CalculatingworldexportsofhempproductsThefollowinganalysisdelvesintothreeca
37、tegoriesofhempproducts,presentedindescendingorderbasedontheirglobalexportvalues.Theexportvaluespresentedresultfromathoroughexaminationofbothinternationalandnationalclassifications,asoutlinedinsection2.Allestimatesbasedonnationalclassificationsinvolveaggregatinganyinformationbeyondsixdigitstothesix-d
38、igitleveltoalignwiththeinternationalHarmonizedSystem(HS)classification.AsTableA.2shows,theaggregationofexportsofhempproductsbasedoninformationprovidedbydifferentnationalstatisticsmayobscurevaryingproductdescriptionsacrossnationalclassificationsatthetarifflinelevel,suggestingthatonlypartialandincompl
39、eteperspectivesonglobalexportsmaybeobtainedwithexistingdata.Moreover,somecountries,suchasCanadaandtheUnitedStates,employdistinctcodesintheirnationalstatisticsforexportedandimportedproducts.Thismayalsocomplicatethegenerationofcomparablestatisticsonglobalexportsofhempproducts.Inmostcases,globalvaluesareestimatedusingimportinformation,asitisgenerallymorepreciselyreportedthanexportinformation.However,whenproductsareintroducedbyalimitednumberofcountries,bothimportandexportinformationareretainedforestimationpurposes.3.1 Hempsseedsandby-products
