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1、美国名人民权运动领袖马丁路德金1ReverendMartinLutherKingJunior,Pt.Oneplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByWilliamRogers2005-1-15ANNCR:PeopleinAmerica-aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.(Theme)Today,WarrenScheerandShepONealbeginthestoryofcivilrightsleader,MartinLutherKing,Junior.(THEME)VOICEONE:Itallstar
2、tedonabus.Ablackwomanwasreturninghomefromworkafteralonghardday.Shesatnearthefrontofthebusbecauseshewastiredandherlegshurt.ButthebusbelongedtothecityofMontgomeryinthesouthernstateofAlabama.Andtheyearwasnineteenfifty-five.Inthosedays,blackpeoplecouldsitonlyinthebackofthebus.Sothedriverorderedthewomant
3、ogiveupherseat.Butthewomanrefused,andshewasarrested.Incidentslikethishadhappenedbefore.Butnoonehadeverspokenoutagainstsuchtreatmentofblacks.Thistime,however;ayoungblackpreacherorganizedaprotest.HecalledonallblackcitizenstostopridingthebusesinMontgomeryuntilthelawswerechanged.Thenameoftheyoungpreache
4、rwasMartinLutherKing.HeledtheprotestmovementtoendinjusticeintheMontgomerycitybussystem.TheprotestbecameknownastheMontgomerybusboycott.TheprotestmarkedthebeginningofthecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStates.ThisisthestoryofMartinLutherKing,andhispartintheearlydaysofthecivilrightsmovement.VOICETWO:Marti
5、nLutherKingwasborninAtlanta,Georgia,innineteentwenty-nine.Hewasbornintoareligiousfamily.MartinsfatherwasapreacherataBaptistchurch.AndhismothercamefromafamilywithstrongtiestotheBaptistreligion.Innineteentwenty-nine,AtlantawasoneofthewealthiestcitiesinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Manyblackfamilies
6、cametothecityinsearchofabetterlife.TherewaslessracialtensionbetweenblacksandwhitesinAtlantathaninothersoutherncities.ButAtlantastillhadlawsdesignedtokeepblackpeopleseparatefromwhites.ThelawsofracialseparationexistedalloverthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Theyforcedblackstoattendseparateschoolsandliv
7、einseparateareasofacity.Blacksdidnothavethesamerightsaswhitepeople,andwereoftenpoorerandlesseducated.VOICEONE:MartinLutherKingdidnotknowaboutracialseparationwhenhewasyoung.Butashegrewolder,hesoonsawthatblackswerenottreatedequally.OnedayMartinandhisfatherwentouttobuyshoes.Theyenteredashoestoreownedby
8、awhitebusinessman.Thebusinessmansoldshoestoallpeople.Buthehadarulethatblackscouldnotbuyshoesinthefrontpartofthestore.HeorderedMartinsfathertoobeytherule.Martinneverforgothisfathersangryanswer:Ifyoudonotsellshoestoblackpeopleatthefrontofthestore,youwillnotsellshoestousatall.Suchincidents,however;were
9、rareduringMartinsearlylife.Instead,heledthelifeofanormalboy.Martinlikedtolearn,andhepassedthroughschoolveryquickly.Hewasonlyfifteenwhenhewasreadytoentertheuniversity.Theuniversity,calledMorehouseCollege,wasinAtlanta.MorehouseCollegewasoneofthefewuniversitiesintheSouthwhereblackstudentscouldstudy.VOI
10、CETWO:ItwasattheuniversitythatMartindecidedtobecomeapreacher.Atthesametime,healsodiscoveredhehadagiftforpublicspeaking.Hesoonwasabletotesthisgifts.OneSunday,Martinsfatheraskedhimtopreachathischurch.WhenMartinarrived,thechurchmembersweresurprisedtoseesuchayoungmangettingreadytospeaktothem.Buttheywere
11、moresurprisedtofindthemselvesdeeplymovedbythewordsofyoungMartinLutherKing.Achurchmemberoncedescribedhim:Theboyseemedmucholderthanhisyears.Heunderstoodlifeanditsproblems.,VOICEONE:Martinseemedwisetoothersbecauseofhisstudiesattheuniversity.HecarefullyreadtheworksofMahatmaGandhiztheIndianleaderandthink
12、er.MartinalsostudiedthebooksoftheAmericanphilosopher,HenryDavidThoreau.Bothmenwroteaboutwaystofightinjustice.Gandhihadledhispeopletofreedombypeacefullyrefusingtoobeyunjustlaws.Hetaughthisfollowersnevertouseviolence.Thoreaualsourgedpeopletodisobeylawsthatwerenotjust,andtobewillingtogotoprisonfortheir
13、beliefs.Ashestudied,Martinthoughthehadfoundtheanswerforhispeople.TheideasofGandhiandThoreau-non-violenceandcivildisobedience-couldbeusedtogethertowinequalrightsforblackAmericans.Martinknew,then,thathisdecisiontobecomeapreacherwasright.HebelievedthatasapreacherhecouldspreadtheideasofGandhiandThoreau.
14、Yearslaterhesaid:MyuniversitystudiesgavemethebasictruthsInowbelieve.Idiscoveredtheideaofhumanitysonenessandthedignityandvalueofallhumancharacter.VOICETWO:Martincontinuedhisstudiesinreligionforalmosttenyears.Whenhewastwenty-two,hemovednorthtostudyinBoston.ItwasinBostonthatMartinmetCorettaScott,thewom
15、anwholaterbecamehiswife.Martinalwayshadbeenverypopularwiththegirlsinhishometown.HisbrotheroncesaidthatMartinneverhadonegirlfriendformorethanayear.VOICEONE:ButMartinfeltCorettaScottwasdifferent.ThefirsttimehesawherMartinsaid:YouhaveeverythingIhaveeverwantedinawife.,Corettawassurprisedathiswords.Butsh
16、efeltthatMartinwasseriousandhonest.Ashorttimelater,theyweremarried.MartinsoonfinishedhisstudiesinBoston,andreceivedadoctoratedegreeinreligion.TheyoungpreacherthenwasofferedajobatachurchinMontgomery,Alabama.VOICETWO:MartinLutherKingandhiswifewerehappyinMontgomery.Theirfirstchildwasborn.Martinsworkatt
17、hechurchwasgoingwell.Hebecameinvolvedinanumberofactivitiestohelpthepoor.Andthemembersofhischurchspokehighlyoftheirnewpreacher.Corettarememberedtheirlifeassimpleandwithoutworries.Then,ablackwoman,RosaParks,wasarrestedforsittinginthewhitepartofaMontgomerycitybus.AndMartinLutherKingorganizedaprotestaga
18、insttheMontgomerybussystem.Martinbelieveditwasveryimportantforthebusboycotttosucceed-moreimportanteventhanhisownlife.Butheworriedabouthisabilitytoleadsuchanimportantcampaign.Hewasonlytwenty-sixyearsold.HeprayedtoGodforhelpandbelievedthatGodansweredhisprayers.VOICEONE:Martinknewthathisactionsandhissp
19、eecheswouldbeimportantforthecivilrightsmovement.Buthewasfacedwithaseriousproblem.Heasked:HowcanImakemypeoplemilitantenoughtowinourgoals,whilekeepingpeacewithinthemovement.TheanswercametohimfromtheteachingsofGandhiandThoreau.Inhisfirstspeechasaleader,Martinsaid:Wemustseektoshowwearerightthroughpeacef
20、ul,notviolentmeans.Lovemustbetheidealguidingouractions.Ifweprotestbravely,andyetwithprideandChristianIovezthenfuturehistorianswillsay:Therelivedagreatpeople,ablackpeople,whogavenewhopetocivilization.IlWiththesewords,anewmovementwasborn.Itwasnon-violentandpeaceful.Butvictorywasfarfromsure,andmanydifficultdaysofstrugglelayahead.(THEME)ANNCR:youhavebeenlisteningtotheVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.YournarratorswereWarrenScheerandShepONeal.OurprogramwaswrittenbyWilliamRodgers.Listenagainnextweekatthistime,whenwewillcompletethestoryofcivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKing,Junior.(THEME)
